Medication for Birth Control in Bitch at Battambang City,Battambang Province,Cambodia

The observation study was conducted in Battambang City,Battambang province,by interviewing the 88 dog owners,who came to the animal pharmacy stores and clinics by using convenience sampling method of nonrandomized sampling.Though the results of the interviews,showed that the dog owners were selected in different range of age and gender,however,most of them were in middle age from 21-40 years old,with medium and rich living wellbeing.The confinement in premise/house was primarily applied by dog owners.The number of bitches per household was from 1 to 3 batches,and there was no association with the wellbeing of the owners,and the age was from 2 to 4 years old,but some bitches had older age.Most of the bitches were dewormed in last 3 months and 6 months,however,there were some bitches last more than 6 months after deworming.The bitch vaccination was applied by owner around for 60.00%.There were two popular types of vaccination,Rabies and DHLPP(Distemper,Hepatitis,Leptospirosis,Parvovirus,and Parainfluenza).For dog population management,about 94.29%of the owners apply nonsurgical method with applying medicine.The reasons for using nonsurgical method were not only the cheapest price and easy way,but also there was no information on the consequence of using medication for birth control.The medication was highly used before heat.But,almost half of them got health problem in less than 3 months after administration,also some got long-term effect.Among clinical signs observed,the enlargement of belly was the most evidence,since 54.76%of affected bitches had shown it,then followed by discharge blood from vulvar,clear discharge and thick white pus from vulvar,accounting for 38.10%,35.71%and 26.71%,respectively.

Relaxing Birth Control

ONE child or two？ This is the question soon to be pondered by more than 15 million couples across China＇s mainland. They will become eligible later this year to have two children if one of the parents is an only child. The new population policy, issued in November 2013, has already seen the choice given to couples in 22 provincial-level regions by the end of April this year.

Economic and Social Impact of China’s Aging Population and Public Policy Response

In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.

More Rights but Less Gains:Relaxed Birth Control Policyand the Loss for Women

In view of its aging population,China initiated in 2012 a relaxed birth control policy after a three-decades-long implementation of the restrictive one-child policy.This paper examines how China's relaxed birth control policy leads to gender inequality.It specifically focuses on migrant workers because they account for a significant portion of the working group.Using the National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey from 2014 to 2016,we found that China's two-child pilot policy reduced female labor force participation by 1.4 percentage points.This negative effect was more pronounced for women with higher educational levels or working in the private sector because employers foresee greater risks of productivity decline.We demonstrated that the gender pay gap increased from RMB956 to RMB1,053 during this same period.Pinpointing these unintended consequences brought about by the relaxation of the one-child policy helps provide a more complete picture of inequality and make sense of persistent relative poverty in Chinese society.To counteract gender discrimination,females are advised to work outside their home jurisdictions and take advantage of positive peer effects.

Wealthy Flou Birth Control

China’s family planning policies have come under criticism for failing to con birth rates among wealthy families A ccording to the family planning policies, Hong Youfu, a restaurant owner in Fangcun District

Birth Control and Family Planning in China

THIS year, Women of China asked two 30-year-old women from the Yimeng mountain area in Shandong Province about their chosen methods of birth control. Both women reported using intrauterine devices (IUDs), which they had placed by local gynecologists at the hospital 40 days after giving birth. Are these women aware of other contraceptive methods? Some rural women tell us they know of other methods such as oral contraception, contraceptive implants and tubal ligation.

If Mom OKs Birth Control,Teen Sex More Likely

美国的科技领先世界一步,而该国的unwed mothers的人数恐怕也为世界之最。所谓unwed mothers指未婚先孕者,多系十多岁的学生娃。 国人视“未婚先孕”为见不得人之事,这是我们的文化。而美国的unwedmothers却少有羞耻感,她们落落大方,将自己的孩子带到学校里来,同学围观,就如同围观已婚夫妇所生的小孩一样,根本谈不上是什么social stigma(社会的耻辱)！ 本文提出了一个非常重要的问题:父母是否应该向其十多岁的子女公开自己避孕的措施?父母是否应该和他们谈“性”?本文在对万名学生调研的基础上对此问题作出了辨证回答: 1/这种“公开”和“谈论”,会令子女more likely to become sexually active,或者twice as likely to lose their virginity(处女性)。 2/这种“公开”和“谈论”利大于弊。因为其子女将less likely to have sex overthe study period.And when they did have sex,these kids were more likely to usebirth control and less likely to become pregnant. 我国青少年的性知识从哪里获得?笔者没有读到过这方面的调查,“无师自通”者也许不乏其人。为人父母者是否应该和自己的子女谈性论爱,这也许不是一个简单的“应该/不应该”的问题。真正在起作用的还有我们的文化传统。

Use of biological and chemical molecules in regulating embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity

This review summarizes the drugs and chemicals that may modulate embryo implantation.Non-hormonal molecules,including aspirin,improved endometrial blood flow,while low molecular weight heparin,vitamin E,sildenafil,and atosiban modulated the expression of endometrial genes.Hormonal factors,including human chorionic gonadotropin and growth hormones,can regulate the expression of endometrial receptivity markers.Other immunomodulatory molecules,including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,autologous platelet-rich plasma,and intralipid and intravenous immunoglobulins,may improve implantation rate by modulating endometrial immune functions.Medicinal extracts of the Chinese herbs Paeonia lactiflora and Perilla frutescens increased the expression of leukemia inhibitory factors in endometrial epithelial cells.Recently,the use of the commercially available Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds with a high-throughput screening method has provided an approach to screen for compounds that may potentially enhance or suppress embryo implantation.Whether these biomedical findings translate into clinical effects that enhance or suppress embryo implantation requires further investigation.

The Representation of Rural Migrant Women and the Discourses of Modernity in Contemporary China A Study of Zhang Kangkang＇s Novel Zhima

Contemporary Chinese female writer Zhang Kangkang＇s novel Zhima uses the lives of rural migrant women to symbolize the experience of the individual in Chinese urban modernity. The novel exposes the gender and class discrimination suffered by the rural migrant woman Zhima, but it does not fully unmask or probe the deeply institutionalized imbrications between gender, class and power in both rural and urban society. The challenge posed to the hierarchical distinction between rural/urban in this text＇s narrative ultimately gives way to the discourses on suzhi （quality） and ＂population control＂ that actually reinforce the rural/urban differences. The author＇s self-proclaimed feminist standpoint is also overshadowed by the text＇s complicity with developmentalist modern urban values. This literary text thus affirms, rather than calling into question, the post-socialist discourses of modernity, which are distinguished by their promotion and celebration of urbanization and free market.