A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qua...A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.展开更多
目的基于家庭支持的中介效应探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的关系。方法选取许昌市中心医院2022年4月至2023年4月收治的92例GDM患者,采用GDM专用自我管理能力量表评价其自我管理能力,利用糖尿病专用...目的基于家庭支持的中介效应探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的关系。方法选取许昌市中心医院2022年4月至2023年4月收治的92例GDM患者,采用GDM专用自我管理能力量表评价其自我管理能力,利用糖尿病专用家庭支持问卷评价其家庭支持情况,且均随访统计新生儿出生体质量、出生1 min Apgar评分。Pearson法分析自我管理能力与家庭支持、新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分及家庭支持与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的相关性;Mplus8.3软件分析家庭支持在GDM自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间的中介效应,并经Bootstrap法验证。结果患者自我管理能力评分(72.08±13.03)分,家庭支持总分(20.33±4.21),新生儿出生体质量(3308.10±1005.31)g,Apgar评分(8.23±1.69)分;患者自我管理能力总分与家庭支持总分、Apgar评分均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与新生儿出生体质量呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者家庭支持总分与新生儿出生体质量呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与Apgar评分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者自我管理能力可影响新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者自我管理能力可影响家庭支持,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),家庭支持在患者自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间呈部分中介效应,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自我管理能力对新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的直接效应为0.65、0.68,家庭支持对新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的间接效应为0.24、0.22,总效应为0.89、0.90。结论GDM自我管理能力待提升、家庭支持水平低,且二者均与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分有关,家庭支持在自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间起中介效应。展开更多
Background:?Luteal phase support is indicated after Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) using Long Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) protocol in Women undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)/Intracytopla...Background:?Luteal phase support is indicated after Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) using Long Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) protocol in Women undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Progesterone is widely used for this indication. Objective: The objective of the current trial is to compare both efficacy and safety of oral dydrogesterone and vaginal micronized progesterone in luteal phase support in women undergoing IVF/ICSI using the long GnRHa protocol. Methods: This open-label randomized controlled study conducted at a private fertility and IVF center in Zagazig, Egypt, during the interval between April 2016 and August 2019. The study included women planned to undergo IVF/ICSI for either male factor infertility, tubal factor infertility, or unexplained infertility. Women with pelvic endometriosis, known reduced ovarian reserve, and women who were known to have poor or high response to ovarian stimulation, as well as women who were stimulated using non-long GnRHa protocol were not included. After embryo transfer, eligible women were randomly allocated into one of the two groups: group I, included women who received oral dydrogesterone 10 mg three times per day;and group II, included women who received vaginal micronized progesterone 400 mg twice per day. The primary outcome was live birth rate. The principal secondary outcome was women satisfaction. Results: Five hundred sixty four women were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: group I [Oral Dydrogesterone Group] (n = 284), and group II [Vaginal Progesterone Group] (n = 280). Live birth rates [72 (25.4%) vs 69 (24.6%), respectively, RR 1.03, 95% CI (0.77 to 1.37)], ongoing pregnancy rates [79 (27.8%) vs 81 (28.9%), respectively, RR 0.96, 95% CI (0.74 to 1.25)], clinical pregnancy rates [97 (34.2%) vs 95 (33.9%), respectively, RR 1.01, 95% CI (0.80 to 1.27)] and miscarriage rates (per clinical pregnancy) [18 (18.6%) vs 14 (14.7%), respectively, RR 1.26, 95% CI (0.66 to 2.38)] were all comparable in both groups. The rates of vaginal burning [4 (1.4%) vs 32 (11.4%), respectively, RR 0.12, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.34)], vaginal bleeding [9 (3.2%) vs 26 (9.3%), respectively, RR 0.34, 95% CI (0.16 to 0.72)] and overall dissatisfaction [15 (5.3%) vs 68 (24.3%), respectively, RR 0.22, 95% CI (0.13 to 0.37)] were significantly lower among women of group I when compared to women of group II. Conclusion: In conclusion, when compared to vaginal micronized progesterone, oral dydrogesterone seems to be associated with comparable live birth, ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates, and significantly lower dissatisfaction and side effects rates, when given as luteal phase support in normal responding women undergoing IVF/ICSI using the long GnRHa protocol.展开更多
Continuous improvements in perinatal care have resultedin increased survival of premature infants.Their immature lungs are prone to injury with mechanical ventilation and this may develop into chronic lung disease(CLD...Continuous improvements in perinatal care have resultedin increased survival of premature infants.Their immature lungs are prone to injury with mechanical ventilation and this may develop into chronic lung disease(CLD) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Strategies to minimize the risk of lung injury have been developed and include improved antenatal management(education,regionalization,steroids,and antibiotics),exogenous surfactant administration and reduction of barotrauma by using exclusive or early noninvasive ventilatory support.The most frequently used mode of assisted ventilation is pressure support ventilation that may lead to patientventilator asynchrony that is associated with poor outcome.Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction or disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers may also occur.This has led to the development of new ventilation modes including neurally adjusted ventilatory assist(NAVA).This ventilation mode is controlled by electrodes embedded within a nasogastric catheter which detect the electrical diaphragmatic activity(Edi) and transmit it to trigger the ventilator in synchrony with the patient's own respiratory efforts.This permits the patient to control peak inspiratory pressure,mean airway pressure and tidal volume.Back up pressure control(PC) is provided when there is no Edi signal and no pneumatic trigger.Compared with standard conventional ventilation,NAVA improves blood gas regulation with lower peak inspiratory pressure and oxygen requirements in preterm infants.NAVA is safe mode of ventilation.The majority of studies have shown no significant adverse events in neonates ventilated with NAVA nor a difference in the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage,pneumothorax,or necrotizing enterocolitis when compared to conventional ventilation.Future large size randomized controlled trials should be established to compare NAVA with volume targeted and pressure controlled ventilation in newborns with mature respiratory drive.Most previous studies and trials were not sufficiently large and did not include longterm patient oriented outcomes.Multicenter,randomized,outcome trials are needed to determine whether NAVA is effective in avoiding intubation,facilitating extubation,decreasing time of ventilation,reducing the incidence ofCLD,decreasing length of stay,and improving long-term outcomes such as the duration of ventilation,length of hospital stay,rate of pneumothorax,CLD and other major complications of prematurity.In order to prevent barotrauma,next generations of NAVA equipment for neonatal use should enable automatic setting of ventilator parameters in the backup PC mode based on the values generated by NAVA.They should also include an upper limit to the inspiratory time as in conventional ventilation.The manufacturers of Edi catheters should produce smaller sizes available for extreme low birth weight infants.Newly developed ventilators should also include leak compensation and high frequency ventilation.A peripheral flow sensor is also essential to the proper delivery of all modes of conventional ventilation as well as NAVA.展开更多
文摘A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.
文摘目的基于家庭支持的中介效应探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的关系。方法选取许昌市中心医院2022年4月至2023年4月收治的92例GDM患者,采用GDM专用自我管理能力量表评价其自我管理能力,利用糖尿病专用家庭支持问卷评价其家庭支持情况,且均随访统计新生儿出生体质量、出生1 min Apgar评分。Pearson法分析自我管理能力与家庭支持、新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分及家庭支持与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的相关性;Mplus8.3软件分析家庭支持在GDM自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间的中介效应,并经Bootstrap法验证。结果患者自我管理能力评分(72.08±13.03)分,家庭支持总分(20.33±4.21),新生儿出生体质量(3308.10±1005.31)g,Apgar评分(8.23±1.69)分;患者自我管理能力总分与家庭支持总分、Apgar评分均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与新生儿出生体质量呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者家庭支持总分与新生儿出生体质量呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与Apgar评分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者自我管理能力可影响新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者自我管理能力可影响家庭支持,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),家庭支持在患者自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间呈部分中介效应,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自我管理能力对新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的直接效应为0.65、0.68,家庭支持对新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分的间接效应为0.24、0.22,总效应为0.89、0.90。结论GDM自我管理能力待提升、家庭支持水平低,且二者均与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分有关,家庭支持在自我管理能力与新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分间起中介效应。
文摘Background:?Luteal phase support is indicated after Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) using Long Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) protocol in Women undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Progesterone is widely used for this indication. Objective: The objective of the current trial is to compare both efficacy and safety of oral dydrogesterone and vaginal micronized progesterone in luteal phase support in women undergoing IVF/ICSI using the long GnRHa protocol. Methods: This open-label randomized controlled study conducted at a private fertility and IVF center in Zagazig, Egypt, during the interval between April 2016 and August 2019. The study included women planned to undergo IVF/ICSI for either male factor infertility, tubal factor infertility, or unexplained infertility. Women with pelvic endometriosis, known reduced ovarian reserve, and women who were known to have poor or high response to ovarian stimulation, as well as women who were stimulated using non-long GnRHa protocol were not included. After embryo transfer, eligible women were randomly allocated into one of the two groups: group I, included women who received oral dydrogesterone 10 mg three times per day;and group II, included women who received vaginal micronized progesterone 400 mg twice per day. The primary outcome was live birth rate. The principal secondary outcome was women satisfaction. Results: Five hundred sixty four women were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: group I [Oral Dydrogesterone Group] (n = 284), and group II [Vaginal Progesterone Group] (n = 280). Live birth rates [72 (25.4%) vs 69 (24.6%), respectively, RR 1.03, 95% CI (0.77 to 1.37)], ongoing pregnancy rates [79 (27.8%) vs 81 (28.9%), respectively, RR 0.96, 95% CI (0.74 to 1.25)], clinical pregnancy rates [97 (34.2%) vs 95 (33.9%), respectively, RR 1.01, 95% CI (0.80 to 1.27)] and miscarriage rates (per clinical pregnancy) [18 (18.6%) vs 14 (14.7%), respectively, RR 1.26, 95% CI (0.66 to 2.38)] were all comparable in both groups. The rates of vaginal burning [4 (1.4%) vs 32 (11.4%), respectively, RR 0.12, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.34)], vaginal bleeding [9 (3.2%) vs 26 (9.3%), respectively, RR 0.34, 95% CI (0.16 to 0.72)] and overall dissatisfaction [15 (5.3%) vs 68 (24.3%), respectively, RR 0.22, 95% CI (0.13 to 0.37)] were significantly lower among women of group I when compared to women of group II. Conclusion: In conclusion, when compared to vaginal micronized progesterone, oral dydrogesterone seems to be associated with comparable live birth, ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates, and significantly lower dissatisfaction and side effects rates, when given as luteal phase support in normal responding women undergoing IVF/ICSI using the long GnRHa protocol.
文摘Continuous improvements in perinatal care have resultedin increased survival of premature infants.Their immature lungs are prone to injury with mechanical ventilation and this may develop into chronic lung disease(CLD) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Strategies to minimize the risk of lung injury have been developed and include improved antenatal management(education,regionalization,steroids,and antibiotics),exogenous surfactant administration and reduction of barotrauma by using exclusive or early noninvasive ventilatory support.The most frequently used mode of assisted ventilation is pressure support ventilation that may lead to patientventilator asynchrony that is associated with poor outcome.Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction or disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers may also occur.This has led to the development of new ventilation modes including neurally adjusted ventilatory assist(NAVA).This ventilation mode is controlled by electrodes embedded within a nasogastric catheter which detect the electrical diaphragmatic activity(Edi) and transmit it to trigger the ventilator in synchrony with the patient's own respiratory efforts.This permits the patient to control peak inspiratory pressure,mean airway pressure and tidal volume.Back up pressure control(PC) is provided when there is no Edi signal and no pneumatic trigger.Compared with standard conventional ventilation,NAVA improves blood gas regulation with lower peak inspiratory pressure and oxygen requirements in preterm infants.NAVA is safe mode of ventilation.The majority of studies have shown no significant adverse events in neonates ventilated with NAVA nor a difference in the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage,pneumothorax,or necrotizing enterocolitis when compared to conventional ventilation.Future large size randomized controlled trials should be established to compare NAVA with volume targeted and pressure controlled ventilation in newborns with mature respiratory drive.Most previous studies and trials were not sufficiently large and did not include longterm patient oriented outcomes.Multicenter,randomized,outcome trials are needed to determine whether NAVA is effective in avoiding intubation,facilitating extubation,decreasing time of ventilation,reducing the incidence ofCLD,decreasing length of stay,and improving long-term outcomes such as the duration of ventilation,length of hospital stay,rate of pneumothorax,CLD and other major complications of prematurity.In order to prevent barotrauma,next generations of NAVA equipment for neonatal use should enable automatic setting of ventilator parameters in the backup PC mode based on the values generated by NAVA.They should also include an upper limit to the inspiratory time as in conventional ventilation.The manufacturers of Edi catheters should produce smaller sizes available for extreme low birth weight infants.Newly developed ventilators should also include leak compensation and high frequency ventilation.A peripheral flow sensor is also essential to the proper delivery of all modes of conventional ventilation as well as NAVA.
