Numerical simulation of slag layer and its distribution on hot surface of copper stave based on ANSYS birth-death element technology

The core of the long-life copper stave was to ensure the stability of the slag layer,and the uniform distribution of the slag layer was beneficial to restrict the generation of the overthick slag layer.A novel model for calculating the thickness and distribution of the slag layer in the part of copper stave was established based on the finite element theory through the ANSYS birth-death element technology.The distribution and thickness of the slag layer on the hot surface of copper stave were calculated and analyzed when the gas temperature and slag properties tended to be changed,which was applied to characterize the slag-hanging capability of copper stave with the changes of furnace conditions.It was shown that the thickness of hot surface slag layer in the part of copper stave decreased obviously while the temperature of stave body raised rapidly with increasing gas temperature.When the gas temperature was 1400℃,the inlaid slag layer was gradually melted,and the maximum temperature of the stave body was closed to 120℃.The change of gas temperature was very sensitive to the adherent dross capability of copper stave which would be enhanced by the promotion of slag-hanging temperature.However,when the slag-hanging temperature was 1150℃and the gas temperature was lower than 1250℃,the overlhick slag layer was easily formed on the hot surface of the copper stave,and its stability was poor.The improvement in the thermal conductivity of slag could be conducive to the formation of the uniform and stable slag layer on the hot surface of copper stave,especially in the dovetail groove.When the thermal conductivity of the slag was greater than 1.8 W m^(-2)℃^(-1),the inlaid slag layer in the dovetail groove was not melted,although the gas temperature reached 1500℃.

Breakthrough in the China's Separation Technology for Extraction of Rare Earth Elements

Separation technology of rare earth elements （REEs）, as the critical step in the separation process, had long been fraught with technical difficulty. A research project conducted by Baotou Shibo Rare Earth Extraction ＆ Equipment Co. Ltd., Baotou REE Research Institute, and Baotou Steel ＆ REE Group Hi-Tech Co. Ltd （Inner Mongolia）, has successfully solved the problem using a centrifugal extractor and advanced techniques to achieve a key breakthrough.

The Application of Ecological Elements of Digital Technology in Construction Industry

The application of digital technology in the field of construction is still in its infancy, and the existing concrete framework of digital technology application in the construction industry and the study of applied ecological elements are not enough. The ecological elements of digital technology application in the construction industry are important factors that promote the healthy operation of the entire digital technology application ecosystem. Using grounded theory, we compiled the data of 33 researchers who participated in semi-structured interviews, and obtained 4 main categories and 9 sub-categories of ecological elements of digital technology application in the construction industry. Among them, the digital technology application mechanism is the core category of ecological application elements. We also used the Bass model to analyze the application trend of digital technology in the construction industry. In 2040, the number of construction companies applying digital technology will reach 98.66% of the maximum market potential.

A review of intelligent ore sorting technology and equipment development

Under the background of increasingly scarce ore worldwide and increasingly fierce market competition,developing the mining industry could be strongly restricted.Intelligent ore sorting equipment not only improves ore use and enhances the economic benefits of enterprises but also increases the ore grade and lessens the grinding cost and tailings production.However,long-term research on intelligent ore sorting equipment found that the factors affecting sorting efficiency mainly include ore information identification technology,equipment sorting actuator,and information processing algorithm.The high precision,strong anti-interference capability,and high speed of these factors guarantee the separation efficiency of intelligent ore sorting equipment.Color ore sorter,X-ray ore transmission sorter,dual-energy X-ray transmission ore sorter,X-ray fluorescence ore sorter,and near-infrared ore sorter have been successfully developed in accordance with the different characteristics of minerals while ensuring the accuracy of equipment sorting and improving the equipment sorting efficiency.With the continuous improvement of mine automation level,the application of online element rapid analysis technology with high speed,high precision,and strong anti-interference capability in intelligent ore sorting equipment will become an inevitable trend of equipment development in the future.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,transientγneutron activation analysis,online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques will promote the development of ore sorting equipment.In addition,the improvement and joint application of additional high-speed and high-precision operation algorithms(such as peak area,principal component analysis,artificial neural network,partial least squares,and Monte Carlo library least squares methods)are an essential part of the development of intelligent ore sorting equipment in the future.

AN APPROACH TO SOME PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICALMINERALOGY STUDY ON THE ORE OFASSOCIATED GAIN ELEMENT

In this paper we put forward a new concept——the ore of associated gain element. It is thought that the theoretical index forecast of dressing and smelting should be the component part of contents of technological mineralogy study. The relative problems of the representativeness of ore sample, the handling of study sample and the choice of test means, and the examination of element existance form in the ore, etc., are discussed.

Simulation about hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel on the basis of lightweight technology

With the development of automobile lightweight,it is very necessary to apply the ultra-high strength steel parts manufactured by hot stamping,which offers the possibility to reduce the weight of automobiles and maintain the safety requirement.In order to complete hot stamping,it is important to design the structure of parts reasonably,which is related with reasonable matching of strength.The objective of this paper is to guide the design of parts manufactured by hot stamping and find the forming technical requirements of vehicle performance.Through experiments,the paper obtains the stress and strain curves at different deformation temperatures and strain rates.Based on experimental data, the constitutive relationship model is established which can reflect the deformation capacity of ultra-high strength steel during the process of hot stamping.Combined with finite element simulation results of hot stamping by commercial software AUTOFORM,transfer path of load and matching law of strength,the paper determines the design criteria and forming technical requirements of parts manufactured by hot stamping.At the same time,the impact performance of front cross member internal plate is taken into consideration.

Development in oxide metallurgy for improving the weldability of high -strength low-alloy steel-Combined deoxidizers and microalloying elements

The mechanisms of oxide metallurgy include inducing the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite(IAF)using micron-sized inclusions and restricting the growth of prior austenite grains(PAGs)by nanosized particles during welding.The chaotically oriented IAF and refined PAGs inhibit crack initiation and propagation in the steel,resulting in high impact toughness.This work summarizes the com-bined effect of deoxidizers and alloying elements,with the aim to provide a new perspective for the research and practice related to im-proving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone(HAZ)during the high heat input welding.Ti complex deoxidation with other strong deoxidants,such as Mg,Ca,Zr,and rare earth metals(REMs),can improve the toughness of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)by re-fining PAGs or increasing IAF contents.However,it is difficult to identify the specific phase responsible for IAF nucleation because ef-fective inclusions formed by complex deoxidation are usually multiphase.Increasing alloying elements,such as C,Si,Al,Nb,or Cr,con-tents can impair HAZ toughness.A high C content typically increases the number of coarse carbides and decreases the potency of IAF formation.Si,Cr,or Al addition leads to the formation of undesirable microstructures.Nb reduces the high-temperature stability of the precipitates.Mo,V,and B can enhance HAZ toughness.Mo-containing precipitates present good thermal stability.VN or V(C,N)is ef-fective in promoting IAF nucleation due to its good coherent crystallographic relationship with ferrite.The formation of the B-depleted zone around the inclusion promotes IAF formation.The interactions between alloying elements are complex,and the effect of adding dif-ferent alloying elements remains to be evaluated.In the future,the interactions between various alloying elements and their effects on ox-ide metallurgy,as well as the calculation of the nucleation effects of effective inclusions using first principles calculations will become the focus of oxide metallurgy.

Dynamic Reliability Assessment of Heavy Vehicle Crossing a Prototype Bridge Deck by Using Simulation Technology and Health Monitoring Data

Overloads of vehicle may cause damage to bridge structures,and how to assess the safety influence of heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge is one of the challenges.In this report,using a large amount of monitored data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)in service of the prototype bridge,of which the bridge type is large-span continuous rigid frame bridge,and adopting FEM simulation technique,we suggested a dynamic reliability assessment method in the report to assess the safety impact of heavy vehicles on the prototype bridge during operation.In the first place,by using the health monitored strain data,of which the selected monitored data time range is before the opening of traffic,the quasi dynamic reliability around the embedded sensor with no traffic load effects is obtained;then,with FEM technology,the FEM simulation model of one main span of the prototype bridge is built by using ANSYS software and then the dynamic reliability when the heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge corresponding to the middle-span web plate is comprehensively analyzed and discussed.At last,assuming that the main beam stress state change is in the stage of approximately linear elasticity under heavy vehicle loads impact,the authors got the impact level of heavy vehicles effects on the dynamic reliability of the prototype bridge.Based on a large number of field measured data,the dynamic reliability value calculated by our proposed methodology is more accurate.The method suggested in the paper can do good for not only the traffic management but also the damage analysis of bridges.

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT MODELLING TECHNOLOGY OF CIMS

An abstract model and representation method for manufacturing environment is presented based on analysis of process planning tasks and factory configuration capable of handling the process plans. This model has been proved to be applicable to the generative process planning and to shopflow control information integration. A general manufacturing environment modelling tool has been developed under the X-window support to verity the mentioned model and modelling technology.

Flow simulation considering adsorption boundary layer based on digital rock and finite element method

Due to the low permeability of tight reservoirs,throats play a significant role in controlling fluid flow.Although many studies have been conducted to investigate fluid flow in throats in the microscale domain,comparatively fewer works have been devoted to study the effect of adsorption boundary layer(ABL)in throats based on the digital rock method.By considering an ABL,we investigate its effects on fluid flow.We build digital rock model based on computed tomography technology.Then,microscopic pore structures are extracted with watershed segmentation and pore geometries are meshed through Delaunay triangulation approach.Finally,using the meshed digital simulation model and finite element method,we investigate the effects of viscosity and thickness of ABL on microscale flow.Our results demonstrate that viscosity and thickness of ABL are major factors that significantly hinder fluid flow in throats.

Adaptive Lagrange finite element methods for high precision vibrations and piezoelectric acoustic wave computations in SMT structures and plates with nano interfaces

This paper discusses the validity of (adaptive) Lagrange generalized plain finite element method (FEM) and plate element method for accurate analysis of acoustic waves in multi-layered piezoelectric structures with tiny interfaces between metal electrodes and surface mounted piezoelectric substrates. We have come to conclusion that the quantitative relationships between the acoustic and electric fields in a piezoelectric structure can be accurately determined through the proposed finite element methods. The higher-order Lagrange FEM proposed for dynamic piezoelectric computation is proved to be very accurate (prescribed relative error 0.02% - 0.04% ) and a great improvement in convergence accuracy over the higher order Mindlin plate element method for piezoelectric structural analysis due to the assumptions and corrections in the plate theories.The converged lagrange finite element methods are compared with the plate element methods and the computedresults are in good agreement with available exact and experimental data. The adaptive Lagrange finite elementmethods and a new FEA computer program developed for macro- and micro-scale analyses are reviewed, and recently extended with great potential to high-precision nano-scale analysis in this paper and the similarities between piezoelectric and seismic wave propagations in layered structures and plates are stressed.

新质生产力驱动高质量发展的逻辑与路径

作为生产力演进过程中的一种新型质态,新质生产力是“创新驱动”与“质量牵引”以及二者协同演化的生产力发展新模式,其基本内涵集中体现为应用新技术、重塑新动能、培育新产业。新质生产力代表着先进生产力的跃迁方向,符合新发展阶段经济高质量发展的内在要求,是推动经济高质量发展的新动力。新质生产力中新技术应用通过技术扩散、结构优化和“创造性破坏”效应,筑牢经济高质量发展的创新底座;新要素培育通过比较优势迭代和价值倍增能级提升,激活经济高质量发展的要素动能;新产业兴起通过技术吸纳、产业链溢出和竞争优势重塑机制,打造经济高质量发展的支撑主体。因此,未来遵循生产力发展的客观规律,需要从强化关键核心技术攻坚突破抓住发展机遇、加速新型数据要素融合渗透转换发展动能、培育战略性新兴产业和未来产业夯实发展基础、优化完善基础设施建设打通发展“动脉”四个维度加快培育和形成新质生产力,为新时期新征程上驱动经济高质量发展提供有力支撑。

基层治理中的数字悬浮:内涵表征、形成机理及消解策略

数字技术作为一种外在嵌入型资源,在基层治理中具有纾解困境的潜力,但其应用并非尽善尽美,可能存在与基层治理场景难以深度契合的情况并滋生数字悬浮现象。此类现象表现为数字技术悬浮于基层工作、治理主体、群众诉求和治理过程之上,并由此引发包括增加治理主体的数字负担、浪费治理资源、数字治理内卷化和数字形式主义等在内的诸多困境。数字悬浮的产生在于:基层治理结构的科层化导致了管理模式僵硬,不利于灵活应用数字技术;诸多数字治理工具未能充分考虑基层实际需求,其在实践中难以发挥预期效果;部分基层工作人员和普通群众的数字素养不足,缺乏必要技能和知识来有效利用数字工具;传统治理方式的路径依赖阻碍了新技术的深度嵌入。为解决这些问题,应基于“结构工具主客体方式”的去悬浮化路径进行优化:优化基层治理结构,减少科层化带来的僵硬性;开发契合基层实际需求的数字治理工具;通过培训和教育提升治理主体和客体的数字素养;革新治理方式,建立更加高效、灵活的治理机制。通过科学的方法实现治理效能提升,促进数字技术与基层治理更深度的融合,使数字技术真正成为助力基层治理的赋能工具。

对复杂水资源系统管理的认知与思考

通过提升管理能力进一步缓解水资源供需矛盾,应对水、经济、社会、生态等关联系统之间的不确定性已经成为新时期水资源可持续发展的必然要求。面对我国水资源系统存在的新老问题,亟须开展新时期反映复杂水资源系统特征的管理研究。基于此,梳理我国水资源管理模式的发展历程,指出我国已经进入面向关联要素的水资源系统综合管理阶段,多属性、全过程和多要素是目前复杂水资源系统管理的基本特征。从管理目标、管理对象和管理路径3个方面对复杂水资源系统管理的基本框架进行详细阐述。最后,对复杂水资源系统管理的关键支撑技术进行探讨,提出水资源监测技术、水循环模拟技术、水资源配置与调度技术、水生态环境过程模拟技术是我国水资源科学管理的关键支撑。

文化新质生产力的时代内涵、价值旨归和逻辑进路

马克思主义全面社会生产观反映了人的全面本质力量及其存在方式,包括物质生产和精神生产。文化新质生产力是新质生产力在文化生产力领域的具体表现与应用发展,体现在文化生产、文化分配、文化流通与文化消费的全过程,具有鲜明的时代特征和突出的价值诉求。文化新质生产力是数字文化创意劳动者、数字文化劳动资料和数字文化劳动对象等文化生产力要素的组合与优化,体现了文化全要素生产率和文化生产整体价值。文化新质生产力提升的重点领域表现为激活文化生产要素、夯实文化生产链条、创新文化生产业态、优化文化生产布局等创新路径。

电化学检测技术与生物识别元件联用在食品安全检测中的应用进展

食品安全与国民健康息息相关,如何实现对食品中有害物质的精准及快速检出仍然是科研工作者研究的热点问题。电化学传感技术由于其检测快速、灵敏度高及化学稳定性良好在食品检测领域被越来越广泛地应用。本文对电化学检测与多种生物识别元件的联用技术及其对食品中有害物质的检测进行了综述,并对其存在的问题和进一步的发展进行了探讨。

汽车环保技术课程思政元素挖掘与教学设计

如何结合专业课程的特色与思政资源来实现专业教育与思政教育的共振效应,是当前专业课程开展思政建设的一大重点。该文结合汽车环保技术课程的特色与优势,深入挖掘课程蕴含的思政元素,将其融入教学目标、教学内容、教学方法以及考评环节的全教学过程。通过知识传授、能力培养与价值塑造的有机融合,形成协同育人效应,培养德才兼备的高素质汽车人才。

数据“利益束”:数据权益制度新论

创设排他性、利己性的数据权利不利于海量数据的高效流通与多元价值的实现,加剧了数据私权化与效用化之间的内生性冲突。在权益区分保护理论框架下,采取数据利益保护进路更具正当性和相对优势。我国宜将数据利益作为数据权益制度的中心,建构人与人之间动态灵活、有机立体的利他性数据“利益束”范式,以有效协调和整合多元主体之间复杂的数据利益关系,并在数据“利益束”范式下,充分利用Web3.0以用户为中心的开放式价值互联网效能,通过点对点的数据利益流通来构建全网络利益格局。我国还应建立合理的激励与收益实现机制,促进所有数据主体共创和共享数据红利,在数据财产行为主义保护模式基础上,建立智能化治理体系来保障数据安全,最终形成中国自主且更能适应数字经济发展规律的新型数据权益制度体系,以此推进我国数字经济的健康发展。

论新质生产力发展:数据要素赋能的整体架构及推进举措

随着数字技术不断创新应用及数字经济快速发展,数据成为国家基础性战略资源和关键生产要素,不仅能有效推动传统产业转型发展、数字经济创新发展,也是培育和发展新质生产力的关键驱动力。数据要素具有可复制性、强协同性和可衍生性等特质,从用户汇聚到数据汇聚的转变,数据已成为维系数字经济活动正常运行的基本要素。不同于传统经济模式下的生产要素的单一赋能作用,数据要素通过牵引科技创新、改造生产制造、促使协同融合、实现数据共享发挥其乘数效应,数据要素乘数效应所倍增的数据要素供给效力,成为数据要素赋能新质生产力的支撑机制。从整体性思路与系统性逻辑维度看,需构建整体架构以发挥数据要素对新质生产力的赋能效应,而数据要素的加入,尤其依赖数据要素乘数效应发挥的内在机理,能够驱动科技创新、智能化生产、产业链协同及决策优化,进而构成了一个系统性的整体框架,能够有效推动技术革命性创新、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级,从而能够加速新质生产力的生成与发展。为充分释放数据要素价值,确保数据要素促进新质生产力充分涌现,需提升数据要素供给水平、同步数据要素基础设施、明确数据要素产权归属、保障数据要素合规运行。

数字经济与实体经济深度融合的微观内涵、发展机理和政策取向

数字经济与实体经济的深度融合是数字技术和数据要素双轮驱动的结果,是从微观企业到中观产业再到宏观社会经济三个层面依次递进的过程。作为数实融合的基本单元,实体企业与外部数字环境的交互联结及其内部数字化转型共同构成了微观层面数实融合的主要内容。以实体企业为研究对象,从数据要素、数字技术和数字环境三个方面明晰数字经济与实体经济深度融合的微观内涵,从实体企业的生产过程、组织管理过程、研发创新过程、绿色发展过程和供应链过程五个维度解析数字经济与实体经济深度融合的微观发展效应。针对效应形成机制和环境制约因素,应加快构建和完善数字经济与实体经济深度融合的基础设施生态、产业生态、创新生态、人才生态和治理生态,以生态系统建设进一步强化数实深度融合的微观发展效应,赋能实体经济高质量发展。