An Estimation of the Daily Intake of Di(2-ethlhexyl) Phthalate(DEHP) among Workers in Flavoring Factories

Objective To estimate the daily intake of DEHP among workers in flavoring factories. Methods 71 workers in two flavoring manufacturers, 27 administrators in those factories and 31 laboratory technicians in a research institute were recruited and assigned to exposure group, control group 1 and control group 2 respectively. Their urinary DEHP metabolites, mono（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, mono-（2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl） phthalate （MEHHP）, mono-（2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl） phthalate （MEOHP）, were detected by isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. The urinary metabolites concentrations were converted into DEHP intake levels using two pharmacokinetic models： the urine creatinine-excretion （UCE） one and the urine volume （UV） one. Results No significant differences were found among the three groups. Based on the urinary concentrations of Z3MEHP, we got a median daily DEHP intake of 3.22 or 1.85 μg/kg body-weight/day applying the UV or UCE models respectively. Depending on the UV model, three subjects （2.34%） exceeded the RfD value given by US EPA and the P50 of estimate daily DEHP intakes accounted for 16.10% of the RfD value. No subjects exceeded the limitation depending on the UCE model. Conclusion The workers in flavoring factories were not supposed to be the high DEHP exposure ones and their exposure level remained at a low risk.

Impairment of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Cellular Immunity in Kunming Mice

Immunity is crucial to the health of animals and it can determine their survival and fitness. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer and hence is the most abundant phthalate in the environment. Exposure to DEHP is of great concern for human health. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to DEHP would suppress T cell-mediated immunity in mice. Twenty adult male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into the control (n = 10) and the DEHP treatment (n = 10) groups. Both groups have free access to food and water, while the mice in the latter group drank DEHP solution (2000 mg/L) for 42 days. T cell-mediated immunity assessed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response was depressed in the DEHP treated mice compared with the controls, however, wet thymus and spleen mass, white blood cells were not influenced by DEHP treatment. Taken together, different immunological parameters responded differently to DEHP treatment in Kunming mice.

Aquatic toxicity of di (2-eihylhexyl) phthalate to duckweeds

This study is concerned with the effects of di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on two kinds of duckweeds （Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor）.The results indicate that DEHP has aquatic toxicity to Spirodela polyrhiza at 0.4 mg/L and to Lemna minor at over 0.1 mg/L by changing their physiologic-biochemical characteristics.The contents of duckweed chlorophyll and soluble protein decrease with increasing DEHP concentration after 7 d of exposure.DEHP shows the stimulating role in catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） systems at relative low levels.At 0.01 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L,SOD activities of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor reach their peak values respectively,while CAT activity reaches its maximum value at 0.05 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L.When DEHP levels are too high,the protection enzyme system would be destroyed and plant growth is inhibited.The analysis of malondialdehyde （MDA） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy manifest that DEHP could affect the tested duckweeds by destroying its cell membranes,and Spirodela polyrhiza is more resistant to DEHP exposure than Lemna minor.

PU合成革中增塑剂DEHP的萃取检测对比分析

通过参考国内外不同的检测标准方法,设计采用索氏抽提法、微波萃取法和超声萃取法,以二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、正己烷和丙酮等不同溶剂提取聚氨酯(PU)合成革中的邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)。比较分析不同的萃取方法对PU合成革中DEHP含量的检出影响,实验结果表明几种不同萃取方法的检测结果没有存在明显的差异。

内标校正气相色谱-质谱法测定空气PM_(2.5)中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的不确定度评定

建立内标校正气相色谱-质谱法测定空气PM_(2.5)中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的不确定度评定方法,分析影响测量结果不确定度的因素,为提高检测结果质量提供依据。依据JJF 1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,建立数学模型,分析不确定度来源,评定各不确定度分量,计算合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。空气PM_(2.5)中DEHP的质量浓度为(0.306±0.020)μg/m^(3),k=2。测定结果的不确定度主要来源于采样体积、提取液测定和测量重复性,其中提取液测定引入的不确定度分量最大,采样体积和测量重复性引入的不确定度分量次之。

Plastic Additives Decrease Agrin-Induced Acetylcholine Receptor Clusters and Myotube Formation in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cell Culture

Common additives in plastics such as bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are environmental estrogens that have been shown to be endocrine disruptors in some experimental animal models. This project used the C2C12 cell culture model to examine how exposure to BPA or DEHP affects two aspects of skeletal muscle development, the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes and agrin-induced clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). During myotube formation AChRs cluster spontaneously. Treatment with motor neuron derived agrin increases the frequency of AChR clusters through an agrin signaling pathway that also clusters other postsynaptic components of the neuromuscular synapse. For this project C2C12 cells were exposed to BPA or DEHP while myoblasts fused into myotubes. After exposure to 10 μM BPA or 100 μM DEHP the frequency of agrin-induced AChR clusters decreased. In addition, myotube formation decreased as a higher percentage of nuclei remained in myoblasts. Furthermore, BPA or DEHP reduced the amount of the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin. This suggests that BPA and DEHP decrease AChR clustering by reducing myogenin. Moreover, plastic additives like BPA and DEHP may pose a risk for skeletal muscle development in humans.

植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯含量测定结果的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 21911–2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》,采用GPC净化在线浓缩、气相色谱–质谱法测定植物油中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。参照JJF1059–1999《测量不确定度的评定与表示》,以测定花生油中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)为例,对整个测量过程中不确定度的来源进行了分析,并对不确定度各个分量进行了评定和合成,取包含因子k=2(约95%置信概率),花生油中DEHP含量为11.8 mg/kg时,扩展不确定度U=1.2 mg/kg。结果表明,随机效应和曲线拟合是影响邻苯二甲酸酯检测过程中的主要因素。

河朔荛花枝叶中激活潜伏HIV的活性成分研究

目的 研究河朔荛花Wikstroamia chamaedaphne枝叶中具有激活潜伏人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的活性成分。方法 运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和制备型HPLC等方法进行分离纯化;通过高分辨质谱、核磁、圆二色谱等光谱技术进行化合物结构鉴定;采用萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因试剂盒评价化合物对人宫颈癌HeLa-NH2细胞激活潜伏HIV-1病毒的活性。结果 从河朔荛花枝叶甲醇提取部位分离鉴定出13个化合物,包括2个甾类化合物:2,20-dihydroxyspregna-1,4-diene-3-one(1)、2-hydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione(2);7个木脂素类化合物:松脂素(3)、连翘脂素(4)、acutissimalignan B(5)、罗汉松脂素(6)、3,4-二香草基四氢呋喃(7)、2,6,2′,6′-tetramethoxy-4,4′-bis (2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl) biphenyl(8)、薄荷醇(9)和4个其他类型化合物:邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(10)、1-linolenoylglycerol(11)、2-linolenoylglycerol(12)、4′-carbomethoxy-2′-hydroxyphenyl ferulate(13)。对HeLa-NH2细胞激活潜伏HIV-1病毒的活性结果表明,化合物6、10~12在10.0μmol/L的激活倍数为28.2~38.9倍,阳性对照药prostratin激活倍数为40.0倍。结论 化合物1为新化合物,命名为河朔荛花孕甾酮A,化合物2为新天然产物,化合物4、5、7~13首次从荛花属中分离得到。13个化合物均为首次从河朔荛花中分离得到。化合物6、10~12表现出较好的激活潜伏HIV活性。