Ochratoxigenic Black Aspergilli Isolated from Dried Agricultural Products in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Black aspergilli, the potential ochratoxin A （OTA） producers, were predominant fungi in fermented cocoa bean, coffee bean and dried cassava in Yogyakarta. Identification of black aspergilli at species level will be useful to make clear link between OTA contamination on food product and the toxin producer. The objective of this study was to identify the species of the black aspergilli producing OTA which contaminated dried agriculture products. In this study, 16 isolates were obtained, and four isolates among of them （YAC-9, YAK-6, YAK-12 and YAG-2） were found as OTA producing-strains, with the highest OTA found on Yeast Extract Sucrose （YES） solid medium of 57.68 ppb. Based on morphological characters, 16 isolates can be grouped into four species, after confirmation by molecular data based on PCR method, the groups were identified as A. carbonarius, A. niger, A. tubingensis and A. aculeatus. OTA producing-strains were identified as A. carbonarius and A. niger, meanwhile, A. tubingensis and A. aculeatus were found as non-OTA producing-strains.

5省市主栽葡萄的果实病害及防治调查

本研究在云南、四川、贵州、陕西、重庆5个省(市)共18个县市进行葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病和黑曲霉病害调查,调查发现,5省市葡萄酸腐病发生严重,在陕西省和重庆市部分地区发病率可达到35%以上;葡萄炭疽病发病率最高的地区是四川省成都市和重庆市璧山县,其发病率分别达到49.0%和45.0%,并且重庆市璧山县炭疽病的病情指数高达32.6;葡萄黑曲霉病发生普遍,陕西省西安市、四川省、重庆市发病率均高于20.0%,其中陕西省西安市发病率已达46.0%。5省市针对葡萄病害防治药剂主要集中在18种杀菌剂,主要防治葡萄炭疽病、白腐病、灰霉病和白粉病,酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防治技术比较缺失。通过调查,期望给当地提供合理的病害防控及药剂选择建议。

微生态制剂对葡萄抗病能力及果实品质的影响

以云南、四川主栽的4个葡萄品种为试材,在常规用药方式基础上辅以微生态制剂,测定其对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病防控效果及对果实品质的影响,以期为有效防控葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的发生,解决生产实践中的具体问题提供科学参考依据。结果表明:微生态制剂能提高葡萄果粒大小和百粒质量,同时增加糖酸比。在传统用药基础上使用绿康威,对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防效最佳,分别达52.3%和42.4%;在传统用药基础上使用绿地康3号,其防效为31.3%和21.9%,均表现出良好的防效;前期使用化学药剂,后期单独使用微生态制剂对酸腐病的防效不太明显。