Temporal Variation and Source Identification of Black Carbon at Lin'an and Longfengshan Regional Background Stations in China

Black carbon （BC） is a component of fine particulate matter （PM2.5）, associated with climate, weather, air quality, and people＇s health. However, studies on temporal variation of atmospheric BC concentration at background stations in China and its source area identification are lacking. In this paper, we use 2-yr BC observations from two background stations, Lin＇an （LAN） and Longfengshan （LFS）, to perform the investigation. The results show that the mean diurnal variation of BC has two significant peaks at LAN while different characteristics are found in the BC vari- ation at LFS, which are probably caused by the difference in emission source contributions. Seasonal variation of monthly BC shows double peaks at LAN but a single peak at LFS. The annual mean concentrations of BC at LAN and LFS decrease by 1.63 and 0.26 μg m 3 from 2009 to 2010, respectively. The annual background concentration of BC at LAN is twice higher than that at LFS. The major source of the LAN BC is industrial emission while the source of the LFS BC is residential emission. Based on transport climatology on a 7-day timescale, LAN and LFS stations are sensitive to surface emissions respectively in belt or approximately circular area, which are dominated by summer monsoon or colder land air flows in Northwest China. In addition, we statistically analyze the BC source regions by using BC observation and FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model （FLEXPART） simulation. In summer, the source regions of BC are distributed in the northwest and south of LAN and the southwest of LFS. Low BC concentration is closely related to air mass from the sea. In winter, the source regions of BC are concentrated in the west and south of LAN and the northeast of the threshold area of stot at LFS. The cold air mass in the northwest plays an important role in the purification of atmospheric BC. On a yearly scale, sources of BC are approximately from five provinces in the northwest/southeast of LAN and the west of LFS. These findings are helpful in reducing BC emission and con- trolling air pollution.

中国东西部典型本底站黑碳气溶胶时空分布及来源分析

基于2007-2018年4个代表性大气本底站(临安、上甸子、龙凤山和瓦里关)的逐小时黑碳(black carbon,BC)观测数据和同期气象资料,开展中国东西部BC时空变化特征分析;利用黑碳仪模型和浓度权重轨迹(concentration weighted trajectory,CWT)分析法对比分析了各站点BC的来源类型和潜在源区。结果表明:(1)中国BC质量浓度分布呈现“东高西低”的特点,各站点BC多年平均质量浓度依次为临安站[(3553±2336)ng·m^(-3)]、上甸子站[(2045±1918)ng·m^(-3)]、龙凤山站[(1966±2104)ng·m^(-3)]、瓦里关站[(455±380)ng·m^(-3)]。(2)东西部4个典型本底站点BC质量浓度季节变化和日变化特征不同。东部站点为冬季最高、春秋季次之、夏季最低,而西部站点表现为春季最高、夏季次之、冬季再次之、秋季最低;东部站点BC质量浓度日变化以“双峰型”分布为主,西部瓦里关站呈“昼高夜低”的高山站特征。研究期内,各站BC呈逐年显著下降的趋势,体现了中国大气污染治理的成效。(3)BC主要来自液态燃料的燃烧(简记为“BC liquid”);受冬季采暖影响,夏季BC liquid大于冬季。(4)受亚洲季风影响,不同季节近地面风场对东西部站点BC质量浓度的影响不同,BC潜在来源也不同。东部站冬季潜在源区多在周边大城市群,高值区范围较大;夏季多来自各站偏南方向。西部瓦里关站夏季潜在源区为四川北部城市群,冬季为中国兰州附近和印度北部。

2006~2020年中国大气本底站BC气溶胶的时空分布特征

黑碳(BC)气溶胶来源复杂且具有特殊环境和气象影响效应.我国不同大气环境下的BC时空分布特征亟待全面认识.使用2006~2020年中国7个大气本底站长期BC观测数据,结合气象数据、排放源、增强植被指数(EVI)和气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据,综合分析了BC的时空分布特征、长期演化趋势及其影响因素.结果表明,中国不同地区的BC浓度和AOD差异较大,BC对AOD多为正贡献.受排放源和气象条件等因素的影响,BC浓度和AOD空间分布为东高西低,“胡焕庸线”以东的龙凤山、上甸子、临安和金沙的浓度较高,ρ(BC)和AOD平均值分别为(1699±2213)~(3392±2131)ng·m^(-3)和0.36±0.32~0.72±0.37;“胡焕庸线”以西的阿克达拉、瓦里关和香格里拉的浓度较低,ρ(BC)和AOD平均值分别为(287±226)~(398±308)ng·m^(-3)和0.20±0.13~0.22±0.19.不同大气本底站BC的年际变化可分为4类:年际变化较小型,主要为阿克达拉站;先增后减然后稳定型,主要为瓦里关站;先降低后稳定类,主要为香格里拉站;先稳定后降低型,主要为龙凤山、上甸子、金沙和临安.不同大气本底站BC的季节变化具有差异.“胡焕庸线”以西地区秋季BC浓度最低,冬季和春季BC浓度较高;“胡焕庸线”以东地区冬季BC浓度最高,夏季BC浓度最低.BC对AOD的影响在“胡焕庸线”东西部站点的春季和夏季均较大,在“胡焕庸线”以西站点的秋季较小,在“胡焕庸线”以东站点的冬季较小.大气本底站BC的日变化多为双峰型分布,但是峰值时间存在显著地区和季节差异.