Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes ...Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 with depth of 937-1016 m,and Stauropathes cf.punctata(Roule,1905)with depth of 942-1353 m.The latter two species are the first records in the Western Pacific Ocean.U.parva sp.nov.is characterized by monopodial corallum,relatively long unpinnulated stalk with complex pinnulated branche s developing from the lowermost primary pinnules and small spine s.It differs from two known congeners by much smaller spine s and the present of secondary pinnules.T.cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 has sparsely branched corallum,relatively long and simple pinnules arranged in subopposite or alternate pairs.S.cf.punctata(Roule,1905)is characterized by the corallum with almost planar pinnulated branches,and pinnules arranged in subopposite pairs.Our results indicate that the corallum size and shape are variable in conspecific specimens particularly those at different growth stages.By contrast,the size of the polypar spines as well as the abpolypar spines have little variation and can be served as a main differing feature for schizopathid species.The phylogenetic analyses using nuclear internal transcribed spacer region(spanning partial 18 S rDNA,ITS 1,5.8 S,ITS2,and partial 28 S rDNA)and two mitochondrial fragments cox3-IGR-coxl(COI)and trnW-IGR-nad2(NAD2)showed Telopathes,Stau ropathes,and Bathypathes had close relationships,and Umbellapathes formed a sister clade with Alternatipathes.展开更多
Black band disease(BBD),characterized by the Cyanobacterial dominated pathogenic consortium,is thought to play a key role in the global decline of the coral reef ecosystems.The present paper originally documents a cas...Black band disease(BBD),characterized by the Cyanobacterial dominated pathogenic consortium,is thought to play a key role in the global decline of the coral reef ecosystems.The present paper originally documents a case of BBD from Yongxing Island(Xisha Islands,South China Sea),and further probes the reasons of this abnormal phenomenon.Prior to 2007,corals at northern reef-flat of Yongxing Isand were in healthy growth.Catastrophic coral mortality occurred between 2007 and 2008.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PCR amplification,with universally conserved primers,were applied to detect the contagious bacterial community of the microbial mat.The results demonstrated that six bacterial divisions constituted the clone libraries derived from the BBD mat,and that Cyanobacteria are the most diversely represented group that inhabit BBD bacterial mats,despite the fact that species in five others divisions(α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria) are also consistently diverse within the BBD mats of diseased coral.Other factors such as coral bleaching,typhoons,ocean acidification and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks,are not primarily responsible for the coral mortality within such a short time interval.The disaster expansion of BBD associated with Cyanobacterial blooms is a more likely mechanism impacting these coral reefs.Excessive human activity enhances the eutrophication of the marine water of the reefal region and may result in occurrence of the BBD.展开更多
The results of paleogeomagnetics and geo-chemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Is-lands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary in-terlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line be-twee...The results of paleogeomagnetics and geo-chemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Is-lands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary in-terlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line be-tween Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conver-sion bounds on ()18O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedi-mentary interlayer corresponds to the Reunion I polarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01-2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe2O3 of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive ab-normity. The magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetiza-tion intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe2O3 of the red sedi-mentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary展开更多
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930533)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue。
文摘Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 with depth of 937-1016 m,and Stauropathes cf.punctata(Roule,1905)with depth of 942-1353 m.The latter two species are the first records in the Western Pacific Ocean.U.parva sp.nov.is characterized by monopodial corallum,relatively long unpinnulated stalk with complex pinnulated branche s developing from the lowermost primary pinnules and small spine s.It differs from two known congeners by much smaller spine s and the present of secondary pinnules.T.cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 has sparsely branched corallum,relatively long and simple pinnules arranged in subopposite or alternate pairs.S.cf.punctata(Roule,1905)is characterized by the corallum with almost planar pinnulated branches,and pinnules arranged in subopposite pairs.Our results indicate that the corallum size and shape are variable in conspecific specimens particularly those at different growth stages.By contrast,the size of the polypar spines as well as the abpolypar spines have little variation and can be served as a main differing feature for schizopathid species.The phylogenetic analyses using nuclear internal transcribed spacer region(spanning partial 18 S rDNA,ITS 1,5.8 S,ITS2,and partial 28 S rDNA)and two mitochondrial fragments cox3-IGR-coxl(COI)and trnW-IGR-nad2(NAD2)showed Telopathes,Stau ropathes,and Bathypathes had close relationships,and Umbellapathes formed a sister clade with Alternatipathes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40976030&41006029)Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(Grant No.41210104029)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SQ201114)
文摘Black band disease(BBD),characterized by the Cyanobacterial dominated pathogenic consortium,is thought to play a key role in the global decline of the coral reef ecosystems.The present paper originally documents a case of BBD from Yongxing Island(Xisha Islands,South China Sea),and further probes the reasons of this abnormal phenomenon.Prior to 2007,corals at northern reef-flat of Yongxing Isand were in healthy growth.Catastrophic coral mortality occurred between 2007 and 2008.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PCR amplification,with universally conserved primers,were applied to detect the contagious bacterial community of the microbial mat.The results demonstrated that six bacterial divisions constituted the clone libraries derived from the BBD mat,and that Cyanobacteria are the most diversely represented group that inhabit BBD bacterial mats,despite the fact that species in five others divisions(α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria) are also consistently diverse within the BBD mats of diseased coral.Other factors such as coral bleaching,typhoons,ocean acidification and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks,are not primarily responsible for the coral mortality within such a short time interval.The disaster expansion of BBD associated with Cyanobacterial blooms is a more likely mechanism impacting these coral reefs.Excessive human activity enhances the eutrophication of the marine water of the reefal region and may result in occurrence of the BBD.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49806002) the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZ951-B1-406-04) the Test Foundation of Guangzhou Branch of the Chinese Academy of Science
文摘The results of paleogeomagnetics and geo-chemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Is-lands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary in-terlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line be-tween Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conver-sion bounds on ()18O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedi-mentary interlayer corresponds to the Reunion I polarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01-2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe2O3 of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive ab-normity. The magnetic susceptibility (x), residual magnetiza-tion intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe2O3 of the red sedi-mentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary
