采用诱抗剂苯并噻二唑(BTH)对滇牡丹3种主要病害(牡丹红斑病Cladosporium red spot、灰霉病Grey mould和黑斑病Black spot)进行了诱抗试验,分析了发病指数、诱抗效果、生理等相关指标变化。结果表明:诱抗剂对滇牡丹3种病害诱抗效果显著...采用诱抗剂苯并噻二唑(BTH)对滇牡丹3种主要病害(牡丹红斑病Cladosporium red spot、灰霉病Grey mould和黑斑病Black spot)进行了诱抗试验,分析了发病指数、诱抗效果、生理等相关指标变化。结果表明:诱抗剂对滇牡丹3种病害诱抗效果显著,其中以红斑病的诱抗效果最佳,并确定出BTH的最佳使用浓度为100mg/L;在此浓度处理后,叶片病斑面积停止增长,边缘逐渐愈合,SAFR和MDA含量显著降低,可溶性蛋白、色素和相关酶系活力指标均显著增加,这些变化与病害的抗性变化密切相关。诱抗剂BTH对滇牡丹3种病原菌不产生毒杀作用,而是诱导植物系统获得性抗性(SAR),其作用机理有待进一步的研究。展开更多
Moulds, notably Stachybotrys chartarum (atra), are constant contributors to air pollution particularly to air quality in buildings. The spores themselves or their volatile organic products are present in variable amou...Moulds, notably Stachybotrys chartarum (atra), are constant contributors to air pollution particularly to air quality in buildings. The spores themselves or their volatile organic products are present in variable amounts in almost all environments, particularly in buildings affected by flooding. These moulds and products can account for the sick building syndrome and have been tied to such occurrences as the outbreak of pulmonary hemosiderosis and hemorrhage in infants in Cleveland, Ohio. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of S. chartarum extracts on surfactant protein expression, surfactant quality and cell survival in the developing lung. S. chartarum extracts were incubated with cultures of several cell types;isolated fetal lung type II cells and fetal lung fibroblasts, and human lung A549 cells, a continuously growing cell line derived from surfactant producing type II alveolar cells. MTT formazan assays were employed to test cell viability. The synthesis and release of the predominant surfactant protein A (SP-A), which is involved in the regulation of surfactant turnover and metabolism, and surfactant protein B (SP-B) involved in shuttling phospholipids between surfactant subcompartments was also assessed. Antibodies to these proteins and western blotting results were used to assess the quantity of protein produced by the various cell types. A novel approach utilizing captive bubble surfactometry was employed to investigate the quality of surfactant in terms of surface tension and bubble volume measurements. Electron microscopy was used to examine changes in cellular structure of control and S. chartarum-treated cells. Results of the study showed that exposure to the S. chartarum extracts had deleterious effects on fetal lung epithelial cell viability and their ability to produce pulmonary surfactant. S. chartarum extracts also induced deleterious changes to the developing fetal lung cells in terms of expression of SP-A and SP-B as well as to the surface tension reducing abilities of the pulmonary surfactant. Ultrastructurally, spore toxin associated changes were apparent in the isolated lung cells most notably in the lamellar bodies of fetal rat lung alveolar type II and human A549 cells. This study has demonstrated the potential damage to surfactant production and function which may be induced by inhaling S. chartarum toxins.展开更多
文摘采用诱抗剂苯并噻二唑(BTH)对滇牡丹3种主要病害(牡丹红斑病Cladosporium red spot、灰霉病Grey mould和黑斑病Black spot)进行了诱抗试验,分析了发病指数、诱抗效果、生理等相关指标变化。结果表明:诱抗剂对滇牡丹3种病害诱抗效果显著,其中以红斑病的诱抗效果最佳,并确定出BTH的最佳使用浓度为100mg/L;在此浓度处理后,叶片病斑面积停止增长,边缘逐渐愈合,SAFR和MDA含量显著降低,可溶性蛋白、色素和相关酶系活力指标均显著增加,这些变化与病害的抗性变化密切相关。诱抗剂BTH对滇牡丹3种病原菌不产生毒杀作用,而是诱导植物系统获得性抗性(SAR),其作用机理有待进一步的研究。
文摘Moulds, notably Stachybotrys chartarum (atra), are constant contributors to air pollution particularly to air quality in buildings. The spores themselves or their volatile organic products are present in variable amounts in almost all environments, particularly in buildings affected by flooding. These moulds and products can account for the sick building syndrome and have been tied to such occurrences as the outbreak of pulmonary hemosiderosis and hemorrhage in infants in Cleveland, Ohio. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of S. chartarum extracts on surfactant protein expression, surfactant quality and cell survival in the developing lung. S. chartarum extracts were incubated with cultures of several cell types;isolated fetal lung type II cells and fetal lung fibroblasts, and human lung A549 cells, a continuously growing cell line derived from surfactant producing type II alveolar cells. MTT formazan assays were employed to test cell viability. The synthesis and release of the predominant surfactant protein A (SP-A), which is involved in the regulation of surfactant turnover and metabolism, and surfactant protein B (SP-B) involved in shuttling phospholipids between surfactant subcompartments was also assessed. Antibodies to these proteins and western blotting results were used to assess the quantity of protein produced by the various cell types. A novel approach utilizing captive bubble surfactometry was employed to investigate the quality of surfactant in terms of surface tension and bubble volume measurements. Electron microscopy was used to examine changes in cellular structure of control and S. chartarum-treated cells. Results of the study showed that exposure to the S. chartarum extracts had deleterious effects on fetal lung epithelial cell viability and their ability to produce pulmonary surfactant. S. chartarum extracts also induced deleterious changes to the developing fetal lung cells in terms of expression of SP-A and SP-B as well as to the surface tension reducing abilities of the pulmonary surfactant. Ultrastructurally, spore toxin associated changes were apparent in the isolated lung cells most notably in the lamellar bodies of fetal rat lung alveolar type II and human A549 cells. This study has demonstrated the potential damage to surfactant production and function which may be induced by inhaling S. chartarum toxins.
