Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

炭黑颗粒分布模型的建立及其优化的天然橡胶复合材料性能

文中首次引入炭黑颗粒分布细度模数(MX_(炭黑))的概念,建立炭黑颗粒理想模型,得出炭黑颗粒的理想表面积系数(S),并结合实际生产及应用经验,计算出能够同时满足炭黑一级分散与二级分散的理论最佳颗粒分布。同时选取软质炭黑N550和硬质炭黑N234进行颗粒分布调整实验,研究其填充天然橡胶的分散性、物理力学性能及动态力学性能等。实验结果表明,调整成理论最佳颗粒分布的N550和N234相较于其他颗粒分布样品,具有更优的炭黑分散性,胶料的加工、分散、力学及耐磨等性能均得到一定程度上的提升。

Minitab在炭黑颗粒硬度分析中的应用

炭黑作为一种补强材料广泛应用于橡胶产品,目前炭黑企业多采用湿法造粒工艺对粉状炭黑进行加工,被加工的炭黑由粉状变为颗粒状,后送至干燥设备、输送设备,最终产出产品。粉状炭黑造粒环节比较重要的一个质量控制指标是单颗粒子硬度(单颗粒子硬度是衡量造粒且干燥后颗粒硬度的一个检测项目,单颗粒子硬度数值的准确性会影响客户使用时炭黑的分散效果好坏)。为更有效的利用分析出来的数据来表征产品单颗粒子硬度特性,本次采用Minitab统计学软件对实验过程的数据进行了深入分析并依据分析结果趋势指导工艺调整方向,最终产出符合客户要求的产品。

碳源对Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能影响的研究进展

本文综述了沥青、炭黑、焦炭和石墨等常规碳源,表面改性碳以及新型碳源对Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能影响的研究概况。沥青在Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C质浇注料中发挥着重要作用,其加热软化后渗透或挥发、凝结到浇注料的缝隙或气孔中,可以增强颗粒之间的结合,改善高温下液相分布,避免过烧结,显著提高浇注料的抗渣性能。炭黑粒度细小,可充分填充空隙,降低烧后试样的气孔平均孔径,改善高温下抗侵蚀性。炭黑、焦炭和石墨等常规碳源适合作为附加碳源和沥青配合使用,达到互补的效果。表面改性碳中造粒石墨具有较好的应用效果,可大幅提高Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料中鳞片石墨的引入量,显著提高抗渣性能。新型碳源中含碳树脂粉Carbores P配合沥青添加到Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料中可有效提高铁沟服役寿命。

粉碎与颗粒秸秆高量还田对黑土亚耕层土壤有机碳的提升效应

针对东北黑土亚耕层有机碳匮乏,且秸秆体量大、利用困难的问题,于2015—2018年开展田间定位实验,以秸秆不还田为对照(CK),探究粉碎秸秆(FS)与秸秆颗粒(KL)处理下1倍量(15 t·hm^–2)、3倍量(45 t·hm^–2)、5倍量(75 t·hm^–2)的深埋还田对土壤有机碳含量、有机碳结构以及土壤养分比例的影响,旨在通过"变废为宝"促进黑土地可持续发展。结果表明:1)秸秆还田对20~40 cm土壤亚耕层有机碳提升效果显著,随着秸秆倍量的增加,亚耕层土壤有机碳在2%~20%(1 a)、5%~27%(2 a)、1%~18%(3 a)之间变化,高倍量还田优势显著;秸秆还田2 a土壤有机碳增长率最高,表明还田第2年是有机碳的主要积累时期,且秸秆倍量是影响有机碳变化更重要的因素。2)秸秆还田3 a后,FS5处理的脂化度较高而KL5处理的芳香度较高,粉碎秸秆高量还田更易促进烷基碳链型有机碳合成,而KL5处理易促进芳香烃类有机碳合成。3)高量还田后亚耕层土壤碳氮比与碳磷比增幅大于10%,碳钾比增幅大于20%,且秸秆颗粒还田对养分元素比例的提高具有短期快速效应,而粉碎秸秆具有长期缓释效应。秸秆高量深埋还田显著提高亚耕层土壤有机碳含量,平衡碳与氮、磷、钾养分元素比例关系,是增厚培肥黑土层以及解决东北秸秆还田问题的可行方法。

黑丝羽乌骨鸡精液DMA颗粒冷冻技术研究

为研究不同稀释液与解冻装置对黑丝乌骨鸡N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide,DMA)颗粒冻精解冻后精子质量的影响,试验首先采用不同稀释液对精液进行稀释并比较其解冻后精子活力与人工输精的受精率;其次,选取不同解冻管及冻精颗粒数进行恒温水浴解冻,比较其活力;最后,依据解冻后的精子活力,筛选恒温水浴、恒温漏斗、恒温板3种解冻装置各自的最佳解冻温度,并利用各自最佳解冻温度解冻后的精液进行人工输精,检测受精率。结果显示:1不同稀释液组的精子活力与受精率高低趋势一致,为LR>F>B>L组,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。2在60℃恒温水浴中,用薄壁大玻璃管解冻的精子活力最好。3不同解冻装置有各自最佳解冻活力的温度范围,恒温水浴为50~60℃(0.51~0.59)、恒温漏斗为40~45℃(0.42~0.46)、恒温板为50~55℃(0.61~0.63),每种装置最佳温度段内的精子活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。43种解冻装置最佳解冻状态相比:在精子活力上,60℃恒温水浴与55℃恒温板分别显著高于40℃恒温漏斗(P<0.05),但60℃恒温水浴与55℃恒温板之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在受精率上,55℃恒温板最高(26.91%),60℃恒温水浴次之(23.08%)、40℃恒温漏斗最低(20.93%),三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,黑丝羽乌骨鸡精液应采用LR稀释液、DMA冷冻保护剂及颗粒冷冻技术,在54.9℃恒温板解冻可获得较高的受精率。

废轮胎热解回收的产业现状与创新技术

废轮胎热解回收处理的方法以其较高的资源回收率和较低的二次污染引起广泛关注。但是废轮胎热解回收循环利用是个比较复杂的过程,尤其是热解炭黑品质和市场应用决定着整个热解过程的经济性,如果延用落后的生产工艺和简陋的热解加工设备,热解炭黑品质较差,达不到使用要求,而且还会对环境造成二次污染。主要从废轮胎热解过程和热解产物上进行了一些探索,通过在实践中改进工艺和设备,使热解炭黑的品质显著提高,旨在从技术上对日益剧增的废轮胎土法炼油有所引导,使之尽快走上工艺技术化、设备规范化的轨道,实现真正意义上的废旧轮胎循环利用。

造纸黑液厌氧处理过程中颗粒污泥驯化条件的探索

实验研究了以稻草为原料的造纸黑液 ,在厌氧处理过程中颗粒污泥形成的条件 ,如果预先用碱铝进行絮凝处理 ,并给外加条件 (如载体、活性炭、无机盐离子等 ) ,再经过 7d的厌氧处理 ,结果表明 :当黑液CODCr为80 0 0～ 1 2 0 0 0mg/L时 ,去除率达 93%左右 ,色度也大幅度下降 (约 2 0～ 30倍 )。

自制黑米色素的红外光谱分析

采取KBr压片法,对自制膳食黑米色素进行红外光谱分析,该方法快速、简便,能够得到高分辨率的红外谱图,其分析结果与文献中所述的黑米色素的结构基本一致,为黑米色素今后的进一步开发和利用提供一定的理论基础。

气力输送过程中炭黑粒子破碎率影响因素分析

分析气力输送过程中炭黑粒子破碎率的影响因素。炭黑品种及造粒方式、炭黑粒子压碎强度、输送距离、输送气速、输送方式、输送管道清扫对炭黑粒子破碎率的影响较大。综合考虑各方面因素,对气力输送系统优化提出建议:湿法造粒炭黑粒子破碎率明显小于干法造粒炭黑,应按造粒方式分别设定炭黑粒子破碎率指标,炭黑造粒应优选湿法造粒工艺;为了保证输送后炭黑粒子破碎率小于10%,炭黑粒子压碎强度应大于30 g,同时炭黑粒子压碎强度分布不宜过宽;在气力输送系统中采用比例调速阀,通过自动控制系统自动调节炭黑输送气速,以实现不同炭黑在最佳状态下输送;尽量减小管道清扫次数。

不同组合全价颗粒饲料对育肥海南黑山羊生产性能的影响

选取初始体重(22.80±9.06)kg、遗传背景相近的海南黑山羊45只,随机分为3个处理组,分别饲喂菌草+精料(对照组)、全价颗粒饲料Ⅰ(试验Ⅰ组)和Ⅱ(试验Ⅱ组),研究不同组合全价颗粒饲料对育肥海南黑山羊生产性能的影响。试验持续45d。结果表明:试验Ⅰ组末重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组,试验Ⅱ组末重和平均日增重也都高于对照组,但差异不显著;试验Ⅰ组平均日采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组,但与对照组间差异不显著;试验Ⅰ组料重比显著低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组,试验Ⅱ组料重比也显著低于对照组;试验Ⅰ组饲料增重成本低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组,而试验Ⅰ组的毛利润显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组。综合认为,全价颗粒饲料Ⅰ即苜蓿草粉+玉米+豆粕+麸皮型育肥效果最佳。

湿法造粒生产炭黑新工艺的研究

炭黑作为一种常见的化工原料,在人们的生活中有着重要的作用。本文对湿法造粒生产炭黑新工艺进行了深入的研究。

LLDPE生产过程中色粒数量超标问题解决与探讨

LLDPE产品生产过程中,黑色粒数量是产品质量关键指标,数量超标影响产品性能。文章依据实际生产过程中解决黑色粒超标操作实践分析其可能原因。工业运行结果表明:①适度提高节流阀开度可以有效降低黑色粒数量;②熔体温度对黑色粒产生有显著影响;③黑色粒数量与牌号相关;④黑色粒数量与造粒机组进料负荷存在一定的相关性。

焦炉煤气作燃料在湿法造粒炭黑生产的应用

对生产炭黑新工艺技术——湿法造粒进行研究与应用。以焦炉煤气替代煤焦油作为燃料,实现焦炉煤气综合利用,降低炭黑生产成本,减轻环境污染,使炭黑产品质量及品种数量均得到了提高,经济效益和社会效益显著。