Study on Relative Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Ridge Tillage in Different Terrain Conditions in the Black Soil Area of Northeast China

Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of an Industry-Based Peri-Urban Area in Wuxi, China

In industry-oriented peri-urban areas, the heavy metal accumulation in soils caused by industrialization has become a potential threat. The top soil samples from 27 paddy fields and 75 vegetable fields were collected from a typical industry- based peri-urban area of about 8 km^2 in Wuxi, China, to study the accumulation and distribution of As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd in comparison with heavy metal contents in soils near developed industrial sites （Guangzhou, China; Wallsend Burn of Tyneside, UK; and Osnabrück, Germany）. Kriging interpolation was used to determine the metals, spatial distribution. The results showed that most soils, compared to the background values, contained elevated contents of As, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Pb with some having elevated contents of Cd and Cr. Except for less than 10% of the soil samples of Cu, Zn and Cd contents, these heavy metal contents were lower than the soil threshold levels of the Grade Ⅱ criteria for the Chinese environmental quality standard. Probably, because of the scattered distribution and diversity of industries in the study area, spatial distributions of these heavy metals from Kriging interpolation indicated little similarity. Nevertheless, when compared with other areas in the Taihu Lake region, mean contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were relatively high in the Wuxi peri-urban area. Additionally, compared to soils in agricultural areas around Guangzhou, Osnabrück, or Wallsend Burn, contents of most heavy metals in soils from this area were lower.

The characteristics of gully erosion over rolling hilly black soil areas of Northeast China

In this study,short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area,using differential global positioning system(GPS).With the support of geographic information system(GIS),multi-temporal digital elevation models(DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis.Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM,we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed.The results are:(1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m,gully area extended 170-400 m2,net gully eroded volume 220-320 m3,and gully erosion modulus 2200-4800 t?km?2?a?1.(2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly,and its erosion parameters are relatively large.The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy,but also with the growth phase.(3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters.The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season.(4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China.The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004,and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m.(5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt,gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring.There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season,which can almost happen throughout the gully,while erosion mostly occurs near head,esp.for gullies having a relatively long history of development.On the other hand,the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season.It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions.

Gully Erosion Regionalization of Black Soil Area in Northeastern China

Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fertile farmland there. Regionalization of gully erosion can reveal the spatial distribution and regularity of the development of gully erosion. Based on the eco-geographical regional background features of the black soil area, this study combined the regionalization with influencing factors of the development of gully erosion. GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, spatial statistics, reclassification, debris polygon processing and map algebra methods were employed. As a result, the black soil area was divided into 12 subregions. The field survey data on type, length, volume and other characteristics indicators of gully erosion were used to calibrate the results. Then the features of every subregion, such as where the gully erosion is, how serious it is, and why it happens and develops, were expounded. The result is not only an essential prerequisite for gully erosion surveys and monitoring, but also an important basis for gully erosion prevention.

东北黑土区农村闲置宅基地空间分异及驱动因素——以吉林省梅河口市为例

在乡村振兴和国家粮食安全的大背景下,明晰黑土区农村闲置宅基地空间分异特征及驱动因素,有利于黑土区闲置宅基地的高效利用。本文从自然条件、区位条件、经济条件三个方面选取9个指标构建影响宅基地闲置率的指标体系,以梅河口市303个行政村宅基地为研究对象,利用地理探测器、空间自相关和逐步回归分析等方法,从村级小尺度微观研究黑土区农村闲置宅基地空间分异及驱动因素。结果表明,(1)农村闲置宅基地分布存在明显区域差异性和空间集聚性。(2)各指标因子在作用方向和作用强度上对农村宅基地闲置率影响各不相同。(3)研究区农村闲置宅基地的7大主导驱动因素是平均坡度、平均高程、到镇政府距离、到县城距离、到干道距离、到河流距离、人均耕地面积。(4)闲置宅基地的形成是各影响因子综合作用的结果。

Changes in and evaluation of surface soil quality in Populus×xiaohei shelterbelts in midwestern Heilongjiang province,China

To examine changes in surface soil quality over time in Populus×xiaohei shelterbelts,we collected soil samples from five shelterbelts of different ages and also from former cropland left fallow for 25 years.Twenty-one surface soil(0–20 cm)properties were measured,and variation in soil quality was assessed using one-way ANOVAs and multiple comparison tests.Based on this analysis,16 soil indexes were used in a model evaluating soil quality,with each index given weight as determined by the correlation coefficient.Compared with the control,the postmature forest had greater soil moisture content but lower bulk density(P<0.05).The mature forest also had higher soil pH,total organic carbon,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and biomass nitrogen content,but reduced nitrate-nitrogen and total phosphorus content than the control(P<0.05).Total porosity was highly positively correlated with aeration,nitrate-nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen.Soil total organic carbon,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate-nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were all strongly correlated.In the soil quality evaluation model,total organic carbon was assigned the highest weight and total potassium content the lowest.The soil quality index was lowest in the near-mature forest and greatest in the postmature forest.Generally,soil quality in P opulus×xiaohei shelterbelts varied with age and was higher in the 10–20 cm versus 0–10 cm soil layer.After a single forest generation,surface soil quality was significantly improved.

Response of density-related fine root production to soil and leaf traits in coniferous and broad-leaved plantations in the semiarid loess hilly region of China

Fine roots are the most active and functional component of root systems and play a significant role in the acquisition of soil resources. Density is an important structural factor in forest plantations but information on changes in fine roots along a density gradient is limited. In this study, plantations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) with four density classes were analyzed for the influence of soil and leaf traits on fine root growth. Fine root biomass increased with stand density. High fine root biomass was achieved through increases in the fine root production and turnover rate in the high-density black locust plantations and through an increase in fine root production in the pine plantations. In the high-density Chinese pine stand, there was a high fine root turnover which, coupled with high fine root production, contributed to a high fine root biomass. Overall, fine root production and turnover rate were closely related to soil volumetric water content in both kinds of plantations, while fine root biomass, especially the component of necromass, was related to soil nutrient status, which refers to phosphorous content in black locust plantations and nitrogen content in Chinese pine plantations. There was a close linkage between leaf area index and fine root dynamics in the black locust plantations but not in the pine plantations.

东北黑土区典型县域耕地质量对耕地水田化的空间响应

[目的]耕地水田化过程对耕地质量具有至关重要的影响,明确东北黑土区耕地质量对耕地水田化的空间响应,是提升黑土耕地质量实现耕地可持续利用的重要前提。[方法]构建LESA耕地质量评价体系,采用CRITIC模型、双变量局部空间自相关模型,揭示耕地质量和耕地利用变化之间的空间响应关系。[结果](1)研究区耕地水田化现象剧烈,呈现出东部最强、西部次之、中部最弱的时空分异格局;(2)研究区耕地质量变化显著,耕地质量下降比例低于质量提升比例,表现出中部下降最高、西部下降次高、东部下降最低的时空格局;(3)研究区耕地质量对水田化的响应具有双重效应,负向响应更为敏感,整体呈现出东部耕地质量响应程度高于其他区域的空间格局。[结论]研究区耕地水田化对耕地质量具有正、负两种效应,依据效应方向进行耕地利用结构调整,是保护黑土耕地的重要途径。对于具有正向效应的区域应适度推进旱改水项目,而针对具有负向效应的区域应停止旱改水工程,积极进行水田休耕,并可适当地将其恢复为旱地。

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

“双碳”目标下东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率时空格局与演变趋势

[目的]探究东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率的时空格局和演变趋势,将碳源与碳汇融入耕地利用过程,这对于实现黑土减排增效和“双碳”目标至关重要。[方法]基于超效率SBM模型、核密度估计、探索性空间数据分析和空间插值工具等方法,系统考察了2006—2020年东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率的时空特征与演进规律。[结果]黑土区耕地利用生态效率历经波动上升、显著下降和迅速回升3个阶段,总体处于较高发展水平,北部边缘城市的效率值明显高于中南部地区,基期和末期区间两极分化局势尤为显著,整体发展严重失衡;黑土区耕地利用生态效率全局空间相关特性并不明显,大致呈现“边缘—中心”空间扩散格局,由南北两端高值集聚向内及四周递减,而后形成多个块状高值区和低值分布带,规模集聚优势未能得到充分发挥;多数城市均存在不同程度的投入与产出冗余,劳动力和化肥冗余问题较为严重,碳排放冗余是造成黑土区耕地利用生态效率损失的普遍因素。[结论]优化要素配置和污染减排治理成为黑土利用重点改善方向,也是提升黑土区耕地利用生态效率的关键路径。

冷凉区黑土有机质和玉米产量双提升技术探索及经济效益分析

为明确有机肥还田+保护性耕作措施下黑龙江省西部土壤有机质和作物产量的双提升技术效果,2021年10月,在黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区开展试验,以玉米为供试作物,设置5个处理:有机肥+深松40 cm(YS40)、秸秆留茬+深松40 cm(WS40)、有机肥+旋耕20 cm(YS20)、秸秆留茬+旋耕20 cm(WS20)、有机肥表施+免耕(YB);一个对照:秸秆留茬+免耕(CK)。结果表明:施入有机肥的处理能够提升深土层土壤肥力,在20~40 cm土层中YS20处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升11.56 g·kg^(-1)和0.57 g·kg^(-1);40~60 cm土层中YS40处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升2.83 g·kg^(-1)和0.28 g·kg^(-1)。土壤结构方面,在0~20 cm土层中YB处理的容重较CK降低17.5%、含水量提升35.5%,40~60 cm土层中YS40处理的容重较CK处理降低5.3%、含水量提升38.4%。有机肥与保护性耕作处理提高了玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米产量,第二年的YS40、YS20、YB处理较CK处理分别增产14.5%、18.5%、11.4%。收益分析表明,与CK处理相比,2021年YB处理和2022年YS20处理收益增加最多,分别增加5770元·hm^(-2)和5223元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,黑龙江省西部薄层黑土实施有机肥还田+保护性耕作是提升土壤有机质、有机碳储量、全氮、全氮储量、玉米产量和经济效益的有效措施。

寒地黑土区水稻秸秆还田机设计及最优耕作参数试验

针对寒地黑土区水稻秸秆还田机消耗功率大、秸秆腐解速度慢的问题,设计具有腐解剂精量喷施功能的秸秆还田机,并探究刀轴扭矩最小时的耕作参数组合。对还田机的自动升降平地装置、菌剂喷洒装置、秸秆量识别系统和还田弯刀进行设计:菌剂喷洒装置采用由PLC驱动的电磁阀控制喷施量;秸秆量识别系统可分别对粉碎堆积秸秆和留茬秸秆进行数量评估并将数据信息传递至菌剂喷洒装置;还田弯刀设计采用Workbench 2022 R1软件进行仿真分析,得到弯刀最佳参数结果:弯刀刃长240 mm、刃宽80 mm、弯折角115°;采用三因素三水平旋转正交试验,建立刀轴扭矩与试验因素的关系。采用Design-Expert软件进行方差分析处理,结果表明,因素对指标影响的顺序关系为:耕深>旋转速度>单位面积秸秆量>耕深的二次项>耕深与旋转速度的交互作用>旋转速度与单位面积秸秆量的交互作用,并得到交互作用的响应曲面图以及最优参数组合为耕深20 cm、旋转速度为240 r/min、单位面积秸秆量为3.5 kg/m^(2)。进行验证性试验,得到扭矩平均值为24.32 N⋅m,与模型预测值的相对误差为0.7%,预测模型可靠,且秸秆翻埋率达96.8%。

Impacts of Different Land Reclamation Methods on Organic Carbon and Black Carbon in Soil in a Mine Subsided Area

In this paper, changes in the amounts of organic carbon and black carbon in reclaimed soil were studied. The subsidence area was in a Xuzhou coal mining area that is part of a national land reclamation demonstration area. The significance of the paper is to explain the law of quality changes of reclaimed soil, improve the soil reclamation process and promote the sustainable use of soil in mining areas. In the study, four kinds of soils were collected using four land reclamation methods： coal gangue filling（CGF）, mixed flat reclamation（MFR）, mud pump filling（MPF） and fly ash filling（FAF）; soil from the subsided area（SS） was used as the control. Organic carbon and black carbon on content were determined by elemental analysis, potassium dichromate titration and other methods. The result shows that reclamation methods do have an influence on the organic carbon and black carbon content in subsidence soil. The content of organic carbon and black carbon at different soil depths varies the most in FAF. Regression analysis of black carbon and organic carbon contents from the four different reclamation methods show that the levels are significant in all cases. Therefore, there is no obvious relationship between the proportion of black carbon and the accumulation of organic carbon in the study area.

辽阳地区保护性耕作实施现状及对策

辽阳市以保障粮食产能、恢复耕地地力、促进黑土耕地资源持续利用为核心,在适宜耕作区大力推进实施保护性耕作。介绍辽阳市保护性耕作实施现状和主要技术模式,分析实施保护性耕作中遇到的问题,并提出加强组织领导、强化政策引领、推进高标准应用基地建设等实施对策。

节水灌溉下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响

为探寻不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N_(2)O排放与产量的影响,于2023年进行大田试验,设置常规灌溉(F)与控制灌溉(C)两种灌溉模式,同时设置秸秆还田(S)、秸秆炭化为生物炭还田(B)、秸秆过牛腹为有机肥还田(O)3种还田形式,以及秸秆不还田(N)作为对照组,共计8个处理。分析不同灌溉模式下秸秆还田形式对稻田N_(2)O排放通量与水稻产量的影响,测定了水稻各生育期稻田土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量、pH值,并分析了N_(2)O排放总量和水稻产量与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:除返青期外,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、微生物氮含量均表现为增加。相同秸秆还田形式下,控制灌溉模式下各处理生育期内土壤平均铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量较常规灌溉模式高36.23%~60.82%、14.16%~19.61%。同时,秸秆还田与生物炭还田能提高稻田土壤pH值。相同灌溉模式下,与秸秆不还田处理相比较,秸秆还田与有机肥还田处理N_(2)O排放总量分别增加14.44%~24.09%、8.22%~14.44%,生物炭还田处理N_(2)O排放总量降低14.31%~23.90%。生物炭还田与有机肥还田各处理水稻产量提高3.28%~13.07%,其中控制灌溉模式下生物炭还田处理产量最高。综上所述,控制灌溉下生物炭还田可以实现节水、增产、减排的目的。

典型黑土区坡耕地表层土壤活性有机碳变化特征

以典型黑土区3种地貌类型区(漫川漫岗区、丘陵漫岗区、平原低地区)坡耕地不同坡位表层土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤总有机碳、高活性有机碳、中活性有机碳和低活性有机碳等指标,分析黑土区坡耕地不同坡位表层土壤活性有机碳的变化特征,探究不同地貌类型区坡耕地土壤活性有机碳变化特征的差异。结果表明,坡耕地各坡位表层土壤总有机碳含量变化范围为26.57~38.61 g/kg,土壤活性有机碳含量变化范围为1.85~5.67 g/kg。3种地貌类型区坡耕地不同坡位土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量变化特征不同。漫川漫岗区总有机碳、中活性有机碳和低活性有机碳含量变化特征均表现为坡上和坡中显著大于坡下、坡上和坡中无显著差异;高活性有机碳含量变化特征则以坡中最高坡下最低,且不同坡位之间高活性有机碳含量差异显著。丘陵漫岗区不同坡位土壤总有机碳和低活性有机碳含量差异显著,并表现为坡下显著大于坡上、坡上显著大于坡中;高活性有机碳和中活性有机碳含量的变化则呈现坡上和坡下显著大于坡中、坡上和坡下无显著差异。平原低地区总有机碳及3种活性有机碳组分的含量在各坡位间的差异均为未达显著水平。不同地貌间典型黑土区坡耕地表层土壤活性有机碳分布规律有所差异,漫川漫岗区和丘陵漫岗区坡耕地土壤有机碳活性最差的坡位分别是坡下和坡中,而平原低地区不同坡位间无显著变化。研究结果为黑土坡耕地生态建设与保护技术的针对性设计奠定了理论基础。

水氮管理对黑土稻作土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响

为阐明不同水氮管理模式对黑土稻作产量和土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响,设置3种灌溉模式(常规淹灌、浅湿灌溉、控制灌溉)和4个氮肥梯度(0、85、110、135 kg/hm^(2)),探究了水稻产量、土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比和层化率对不同水氮管理模式的响应规律。结果表明:与常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉相比,控制灌溉模式下,水稻通过形成足量大穗提高库容,小幅增加结实率,从而显著提高产量(P<0.05)。稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量随土层深度增加而降低,施氮处理可显著提升SOC、STN含量并降低STP含量(P<0.05)。与浅湿灌溉和控制灌溉相比,常规淹灌模式增加SOC、STN含量,而与常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉相比,控制灌溉模式增加STP含量。土壤C/N随施氮量增加而降低,土壤C/P、N/P随施氮量增加而升高,施氮能提升不同土层平均C/N层化率,降低C/P、N/P层化率。相比常规淹灌,控制灌溉模式能提升不同土层SOC、STP含量层化率,在一定程度上说明控制灌溉模式下配施适宜氮肥可以改善土壤质量。综合考虑,本研究中控制灌溉模式配施110 kg/hm^(2)氮肥为最优水氮管理方式。

基于遥感技术的东北黑土区水土流失动态监测研究

东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地,近年来面临水土流失严重、面积减小、土壤质量下降等问题,已成为目前土壤保护工作中亟待解决的重要问题。以东北黑土区2018年和2022年两期遥感影像与水土保持措施的实地调查数据作为数据源,利用目视识别法开展影像解译,并通过中国土壤流失方程CSLE进行土壤侵蚀模数的计算,对东北黑土区的水土流失变化情况及原因进行分析,结果表明:耕地、草地、建设用地、其他土地面积减少,园地、林地、交通运输用地、水域及水利设施用地面积增加,造林、种草、封育、地埂、水平阶/反坡梯田等面积共增加0.84万km^(2);对比2018—2022年东北黑土区的水土流失情况,整体呈向好趋势,土壤侵蚀面积共减少约1.01万km^(2);从侵蚀强度来看,除轻度侵蚀面积增加约0.45万km^(2)外,中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积分别减少约0.43万、0.24万、0.28万、0.51万km^(2);从不同省份侵蚀面积变化情况分析,内蒙古自治区东四盟的侵蚀面积减少最多,共减少约0.37万km^(2),辽宁省侵蚀面积变化最小,共减少约0.06万km^(2);耕地、建设用地等土地利用类型面积的减少,以及林地、交通运输用地等土地利用类型面积的增加,均可大幅减少土壤侵蚀面积,同时水土保持措施面积的增加也可有效阻止土壤侵蚀的发生。总体来看,东北黑土区水土流失治理效果显著,生态环境得到改善,持续进行东北黑土区水土流失治理对环境保护具有重要意义。

秸秆覆盖对黑土区土壤微生物量、酶活性及大豆产量的影响

为了探究秸秆覆盖量对黑土区土壤微生物量、酶活性及大豆产量的影响,以垦丰16为试验材料,分别设置无秸秆覆盖(CK)、0.5 kg/m2秸秆还田覆盖(T1)、1.0 kg/m^(2)秸秆还田覆盖(T2)、1.5 kg/m^(2)秸秆还田覆盖(T3)4种处理,测定大豆生育期内耕作层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量以及脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性和大豆产量,对比分析不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤微生物量、酶活性及大豆产量的影响。结果表明,大豆全生育期内土壤细菌数量呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中T2处理细菌总数量最大,分别较T1、T3、CK处理提高33.08%、9.30%、65.38%;真菌数量呈先升高后降低、再升高再降低的趋势,其中T2处理真菌总数量最大;放线菌数量整体上呈先升高后降低的趋势,随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加。各处理脲酶活性表现为T1>T2>T3>CK,且秸秆覆盖处理分别较CK处理提高32.64%、29.42%、18.23%;过氧化氢酶活性表现为T2>T3>T1>CK,不同处理酶活性均在开花期达到最高。秸秆覆盖处理大豆产量显著高于CK,秸秆覆盖量对大豆产量的影响并未随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而持续增加,T2处理产量最高。大豆产量与脲酶活性、细菌数量呈极显著正相关关系,与真菌数量呈显著正相关关系;过氧化氢酶活性与脲酶活性、真菌数量呈显著正相关关系。综上,1.0 kg/m2秸秆覆盖是黑土区最优秸秆覆盖量。

东北黑土区耕地冷害干旱防控技术措施研究进展

东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地,冷害和干旱成为高纬度地区粮食作物减产的主要气象限制因子。减少冷害和干旱对作物产量的影响,成为实现作物高产稳产的重要方向之一。该文针对不同耕地类型(旱田和水田)的特点,阐述了黑土区冷害和干旱防控技术的研究进展,为未来实现地力-抗逆协同提升目标提供依据。