The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neop...The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which the classification and diagnosis of the bladder tumors through morphologic analysis will be supported by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article oudines tumor molecular pathology of bladder cancer with an emphasis on several promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of clinical management of bladder cancer.展开更多
We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk factors.The incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals i.e.below ...We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk factors.The incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals i.e.below 40 years of age with reported rate of incidence around 0.1-0.4%.Most of the times,these young individuals present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with low grade and low stage.As the age increases,the incidence of high grade bladder cancer increases along with it.The index case presented with high grade muscle invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis without any known risk factors.The 5-year survival of urothelial bladder cancer is better in young patients(93.8%)as compared to older people(85.1%).Cigarette smoking is responsible for development of bladder cancer in majority of patients followed by exposure to occupational carcinogens.Role of genetic alterations in development of bladder cancer is still under research and process of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis is unanswered in young individuals.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore molecular markers for cervical cancer in female patients below thirty-five years of age, so that the markers may be used to formulate a prognosis and to provide some useful targets for improving t...OBJECTIVE To explore molecular markers for cervical cancer in female patients below thirty-five years of age, so that the markers may be used to formulate a prognosis and to provide some useful targets for improving therapy. METHODS Pathological data were collected from 64 cervical cancer patients under the age of 35 from June, 1995 to June, 2000 in our institution. The data were retrospectively analyzed as a study group, and compared to data obtained from 90 cervical cancer cases over the age of 35 as controls who underwent treatment during the same time period. Immuno-histochemical and quantified image analyses were conducted to look for differences between the two groups in expression of survivin, p27, CD44v6, MMP-2 and TIMP-2. RESULTS The overall 5-year survival rate (65.6%) of the study group was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group (84.4%). The expression of survivin, MMP -2 and CD44v6 was much higher in the younger study group compared to the older control group, but TIMP-2 displayed higher expression in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in p27 expression between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Young women patients with cervical cancer have a poorer prognosis compared to old women. Our study reveals that survivin, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD44v6 expression have a correlation with shorter 5-year survival. Improvement in the prognosis for young cervical cancer patients can be expected using biomedical therapy which targets these molecular markers.展开更多
Background Bladder urothelial cancer has been diagnosed at an increasing rate among young adults in China while the clinical outcomes remain highly controversial. To optimize the management of young patients with blad...Background Bladder urothelial cancer has been diagnosed at an increasing rate among young adults in China while the clinical outcomes remain highly controversial. To optimize the management of young patients with bladder cancer, we examined whether bladder urothelial cancer in young patients behaved differently from that in the elder patients. Methods From 1994 to 2008, a database of bladder urothelial cancer patients at a major tertiary medical center was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and pathological parameters of patients who were less than 40 years of age and a series of patients older than 40 years of age as the control group during the same period were compared. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaptan-Meier method and log-rank test, and Cox regression was performed to identify clinical parameters that affected the clinic outcomes. Results Young bladder cancer patients had a lower male-to-female ratio and were less likely to have advanced stages and high-grade cancers at the initial diagnosis. Tumors in young bladder cancer patients tended to be less multifocal at diagnosis. In addition, young patients had a lower recurrence rate and longer recurrence interval than older patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test showed that young patients had significantly better cancer specific survival than old patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor grade is the sole predictor for tumor recurrence in young patients. Conclusions Young patients with bladder cancer have favorable pathological features and clinical outcomes than older patients. These findinqs ar.que for more conservative management approaches for young patients with bladder cancer.展开更多
文摘The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which the classification and diagnosis of the bladder tumors through morphologic analysis will be supported by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article oudines tumor molecular pathology of bladder cancer with an emphasis on several promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of clinical management of bladder cancer.
文摘We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk factors.The incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals i.e.below 40 years of age with reported rate of incidence around 0.1-0.4%.Most of the times,these young individuals present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with low grade and low stage.As the age increases,the incidence of high grade bladder cancer increases along with it.The index case presented with high grade muscle invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis without any known risk factors.The 5-year survival of urothelial bladder cancer is better in young patients(93.8%)as compared to older people(85.1%).Cigarette smoking is responsible for development of bladder cancer in majority of patients followed by exposure to occupational carcinogens.Role of genetic alterations in development of bladder cancer is still under research and process of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis is unanswered in young individuals.
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore molecular markers for cervical cancer in female patients below thirty-five years of age, so that the markers may be used to formulate a prognosis and to provide some useful targets for improving therapy. METHODS Pathological data were collected from 64 cervical cancer patients under the age of 35 from June, 1995 to June, 2000 in our institution. The data were retrospectively analyzed as a study group, and compared to data obtained from 90 cervical cancer cases over the age of 35 as controls who underwent treatment during the same time period. Immuno-histochemical and quantified image analyses were conducted to look for differences between the two groups in expression of survivin, p27, CD44v6, MMP-2 and TIMP-2. RESULTS The overall 5-year survival rate (65.6%) of the study group was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the control group (84.4%). The expression of survivin, MMP -2 and CD44v6 was much higher in the younger study group compared to the older control group, but TIMP-2 displayed higher expression in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in p27 expression between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Young women patients with cervical cancer have a poorer prognosis compared to old women. Our study reveals that survivin, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD44v6 expression have a correlation with shorter 5-year survival. Improvement in the prognosis for young cervical cancer patients can be expected using biomedical therapy which targets these molecular markers.
文摘Background Bladder urothelial cancer has been diagnosed at an increasing rate among young adults in China while the clinical outcomes remain highly controversial. To optimize the management of young patients with bladder cancer, we examined whether bladder urothelial cancer in young patients behaved differently from that in the elder patients. Methods From 1994 to 2008, a database of bladder urothelial cancer patients at a major tertiary medical center was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and pathological parameters of patients who were less than 40 years of age and a series of patients older than 40 years of age as the control group during the same period were compared. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaptan-Meier method and log-rank test, and Cox regression was performed to identify clinical parameters that affected the clinic outcomes. Results Young bladder cancer patients had a lower male-to-female ratio and were less likely to have advanced stages and high-grade cancers at the initial diagnosis. Tumors in young bladder cancer patients tended to be less multifocal at diagnosis. In addition, young patients had a lower recurrence rate and longer recurrence interval than older patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test showed that young patients had significantly better cancer specific survival than old patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor grade is the sole predictor for tumor recurrence in young patients. Conclusions Young patients with bladder cancer have favorable pathological features and clinical outcomes than older patients. These findinqs ar.que for more conservative management approaches for young patients with bladder cancer.
