Iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to traumatic urethral catheterization: A case report

BACKGROUND In this article,we present a case of iatrogenic bladder neck rupture due to catheter insertion in a 94-year-old comorbid male patient.CASE SUMMARY The patient,who had a urethral catheter inserted in the palliative service 3 d ago,was consulted because the catheter did not work.Because the fluid given to the bladder could not be recovered,computed tomography was performed,which revealed that the catheter had passed the bladder neck first into the retrovesical area then into the intraabdominal area.The appearance of the anterior urethra and verumontanum was normal at cystoscopy.However,extremely severe stenosis of the bladder neck,and perforated posterior wall of the urethral segment between the prostatic urethra and the bladder neck were observed.Internal urethrotomy was applied to the bladder neck with a urethrotome.An urethral catheter was sent over the guide wire into the bladder.The patient was followed in the palliative care service and the catheter was removed 7 d later.No extravasation was observed in the control urethrography.CONCLUSION Although catheter insertion is a simple and frequently performed procedure in hospitalized patients,it is necessary to avoid unnecessary extra-indication catheter insertion.

Endoscopic Management of Secondary Sclerosis of the Bladder Neck in Bouaké: Our Experience with 23 Cases

Background: Secondary sclerosis of the bladder neck is a rare but serious late complication that occurs after open or endoscopic prostatic adenomectomy. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the results of endoscopic management of secondary sclerosis of the bladder neck in a series of 23 cases. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 23 patients presenting with secondary sclerosis of the bladder neck following adenomectomy and treated by endoscopic resection of the bladder neck in a private facility in Bouaké (Ivory Coast) over the period from 1 January 2021 to 1 December 2022, i.e. 2 years. The mean age of the patients was 61, 7 years with extremes from 53 to 76 years. The diagnosis of secondary sclerosis of the cervix was based on clinical and radiological data (retrograde uretrocystography). The parameters studied were the reason for consultation, time to onset of signs after adenomectomy, clinical data, results of retrograde uretrocystography (RUC), results of urine cytobacteriological examination (UCT), complications, endoscopic procedure, duration of operation, duration of postoperative urinary drainage, duration of hospitalization, postoperative follow-up and operative morbidity and mortality. Results: 23 patients with secondary sclerosis of the bladder neck were treated by endoscopic neck resection. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 years (5 - 76 years). Dysuria was the most frequent reason for consultation, accounting for 73.9% (n = 17). Retrograde uretrocystography (RUC) was used to make the diagnosis in all patients. It found a steam jet image in 69.6% (n = 16) and tight stenosis of the bladder neck in 30.4% (n = 7). Secondary stenosis of the bladder neck was complicated by uretrohydronephrosis in 47.8% (n = 11). 73.9% of patients had a post-micturition residual of more than 150 ml. The urine cytobacteriological examination (UCE) found four urinary tract infections (17.4%) treated with antibiotics over 14 days, which sterilised the urine. The pathologies associated with cervical sclerosis were urethral stricture (13%) treated by endoscopic internal urethrotomy, and urinary lithiasis (8.7%) (n = 2). The mean duration of the operation was 53 minutes (43 - 60 min), the mean duration of postoperative urinary drainage was 3 days (2 - 6 days), and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.4 days (3 - 6 days). Follow-up at 3 and 6 months using retrograde uretrocystography (RUC) showed good permeability of the neck and urethra with a post-void residual of less than 20 ml (10 - 36 ml). There was no morbidity. Conclusion: Secondary sclerosis of the bladder neck is a late but serious condition because of its obstructive and recurrent nature.

Efficacy of Bladder Neck Incision (BNI) Versus Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) in Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Causing Obstruction: A Randomised Controlled Study

Objective: To compare the efficacy of bladder neck incision (BNI) with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in the treatment of patients with urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the basis of short term follow up of 4 months. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of General Surgery in Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. 60 men with proven clinical diagnosis of BPH of size 30 grams and less presenting with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were randomised prospectively to undergo either of the two operative modalities. Preoperatively size of the prostate, symptom scoring (IPSS), peak flow rate (Qmax) were assessed. Postoperatively and during 4 months follow up the following data were collected—operative time, catheterisation period, hospital stay, blood loss, Qmax and IPSS. Results: Preoperative parameters in both the groups showed no statistically significant differences with respect to prostate size, Qmax and IPSS Scoring. At 4 months follow up Qmax increased from (6.35 ± 4.49) to (16.41 ± 2.28) in TURP group and (4.51 ± 3.57) to (15.95 ± 2.58) in BNI group. IPSS decreased from 18.70 to 5.7 in TURP group and 18.90 to 6.00 in BNI group. All differences were statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference in operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, catheterisation timing favouring BNI. Conclusion: TURP and BNI are equally effective in providing symptomatic improvement. BNI has an upper hand in reference to operative time, hospital stay, duration of catheterisation and blood loss.

Bladder Neck Morphologic Changes and Clinical Correlation of Smokers Submitted to Radical Prostatectomy

Introduction: Smoking is an important risky factor to many diseases, affecting arterial system, skin and urogenital system, including bladder neck stenosis. Its effect on bladder neck has not been described. Objective: Evaluate possible morphological changes caused by nicotine in the bladder neck. Material and Method: Fragments of bladder neck of 16 patients were submitted to stereological analysis, and those patients are divided into two groups, one of smokers and the other of non-smokers with 7 and 9 patients, respectively. After 90 days of surgery, they were submitted to free uroflowmetry and data analyzed by T test, having statistical significance with P 0.05. Results: An increase of 63.26% in the amount of fibers in the elastic system of the smokers group was observed, a reduction of 35.96% in the thickness of arteries, as well as an increase of IPSS and decrease of maximum flow in uroflowmetry, all with statistical significance. Discussion: Laboratorial changes are similar to those found in other studies with different tissues, such as skin, in which those findings are related to premature ageing. Clinical results, though statistically significant, do not have clinical consistence because the study was meant to morphological analysis. Conclusion: Smoking increases the amount of fibers in the elastic system and decreases the thickness of bladder neck arteries.

Video-urodynamics study on female patients with bladder neck obstruction

Background Pressure-flow study combined with cystourethroscopy were used as the major method to define female bladder neck obstruction in China. However, the definition of urodynamics for female bladder outlet obstruction （BOO） is not clear so far. Video-urodynamic study （VUDS） would provide more information to define the female BOO, but it is not used commonly due to the limitation of video-urodynamic equipment in China. We attempted to find a better way for diagnosis of female BOO by performing VUDS. Methods VUDS and cystourethroscopy were performed in 38 women with signs and symptoms of difficult voiding from March 2008 to April 2010 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. Bladder neck obstruction was defined by radiological evidence of narrowing bladder neck, voiding pressure greater than 20 cmH2O and maximum flow rate （Qmax） less than 12 ml/s. Transurethral incision of bladder neck was then performed on those patients. Follow-up examination （Qmax and residual urine） was recorded 3 months after operation. Results The mean time from its onset to diagnosis was （18.1±9.1） months in 38 patients. Average patient age was 36.1 years （range from 19 to 79 years）. The mean Qrnax was （10.6±4.7） ml/s and residual urine was （81.5±42.4） ml. Three out of 38 patients had obvious distal urethral stricture, eight of them suffered from definitely bladder neck contracture and the remaining 27 patients did not show obvious abnormalities measured by cystourethroscopy examination. For the 35 patients without urethral stricture, the most frequent findings of VUDS were high-voiding pressure plus low-flow rate and narrow bladder neck during voiding on simultaneous fluoroscopy examination. With video-urodynamics definition, 32 patients were diagnosed as bladder neck obstruction with mean Qmax of （10.8±3.7） ml/s, residual urine of （76.9±32.7） ml and detrusor pressure at maximum flow （Pdet Qmax） of （50.7±19.1） cmH20. Other three patients were suffered from detrusor hypocontractility. All 32 patients including eight with definitely bladder neck contracture and 24 with primary bladder neck obstruction received transurethral bladder neck incision. The symptom of difficult voiding was relieved. The postoperative follow-up showed that Qrnax was （21.7±7.6） ml/s （P 〈0.01） and the residual urine was （23.2±17.6） ml （P 〈0.01）. Conclusions The real cause of the obstruction for female patient with difficult voiding might be various. A full VUDS would give us valuable information for correct diagnosis in female patients with bladder neck obstruction.

膀胱颈部电切联合曲安奈德注射治疗前列腺癌根治术后膀胱颈部挛缩疗效随访观察

目的分析应用膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗前列腺癌根治术(RP)后膀胱颈部挛缩(BNC)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年3月—2023年3月在西安交通大学第一附属医院泌尿外科接受膀胱颈部电切联合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗的19例RP后BNC患者的相关资料,分析患者术前、术后3、12个月及随访终点的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QoL)的变化以及并发症发生情况。结果19例完成随访的患者中,有10例患者接受1次治疗;在治疗后复发的9例患者中,6例接受第2次治疗(其中2例术后再次复发),1例接受第3次治疗。平均随访3年,该方法1次成功率为52.6%(10/19),累计成功率为73.7%(14/19)。各随访时间点患者的IPSS、QoL均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。19例随访患者术后并发症包括附睾炎2例(10.5%)、短暂性血尿2例(10.5%)、尿失禁11例(57.9%),其中新发尿失禁6例,5例尿失禁症状持续到随访终点。结论膀胱颈部电切结合术中及术后规律曲安奈德注射治疗RP后BNC有73.7%的成功率,但部分患者需多次手术,术后尿失禁发生率较高且恢复缓慢。

保留膀胱颈对机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术后早期尿控恢复的研究

目的探讨膀胱颈保留技术应用于机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术(robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,RALP)中对患者术后早期尿控恢复的有效性。方法 回顾性分析2020年5月-2022年8月于吉林大学白求恩第三医院行机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术53例,其中保留膀胱颈患者31例为研究组,未保留膀胱颈患者22例为对照组。收集患者年龄、前列腺体积、术前PSA、手术时长、出血量、切缘阳性率、引流管拔除时间、导尿管留置时间、术后病理分期、Gleason评分、术后并发症、术后尿垫使用量等资料,并进行统计学分析。结果 经过非参数秩和检验,研究组与对照组术后即刻、术后1月、术后2月、术后3月尿垫使用量差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);术后6月尿垫使用量差异无统计学意义(P=0.090)。结论 在不影响肿瘤切缘及手术疗效的前提下,机器人辅助前列腺根治性切除术中保留膀胱颈可提升术后即刻尿控率及早期尿控率,优化患者生存质量。

新术式治疗前列腺增生术后膀胱颈挛缩防治的研究进展

膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)为前列腺增生术后远期并发症之一,主要症状为排尿困难等,可能由炎症因子刺激及微血管病变等原因所致。BNC可通过术前治疗前列腺炎症及改善微循环,术中行预防性膀胱颈切开及调整器械用法,术后治疗尿路感染及监测瘢痕形成指标进行预防。BNC的手术方式一般为经尿道膀胱颈手术,难治性BNC可采用膀胱颈成形术。本文将从新术式治疗前列腺增生术后BNC的发生机制、预防手段及治疗方式展开综述,以帮助临床工作的开展。

产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底超声参数分析及影响因素探讨

目的 分析产后6周女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者的盆底超声参数,结合临床因素,探索其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2022年3月至2023年4月于安徽医科大学附属滁州医院进行规范化产检、分娩及产后6周复查盆底超声的152例患者资料,根据是否发生产后SUI分为SUI组(64例)和非SUI组(88例),分析两组研究对象盆底超声参数和临床因素的不同,构建logistic多因素回归方程探索产后SUI的独立危险因素。结果 SUI组和非SUI组在产次、妊娠期漏尿症状、妊娠期糖尿病方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在膀胱颈移动度、尿道旋转角、膀胱尿道后角、尿道内口漏斗形成情况、肛提肌裂孔面积方面比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,膀胱颈移动度(OR=1.284,95%CI:1.134~1.454,P<0.001)、尿道内口漏斗形成(OR=5.475,95%CI:1.335~22.459,P=0.018)和妊娠期漏尿症状(OR=8.838,95%CI:2.229~35.037,P=0.002)是产后6周女性SUI的独立危险因素。结论 产后6周女性SUI的独立危险因素为膀胱颈移动度、尿道内口漏斗形成和妊娠期漏尿症状,临床应尽早制定合理的治疗方案,指导预后,提高女性生活质量。

腹腔镜下保留尿道的前列腺剜除术后膀胱颈挛缩的预测模型建立及预防措施

目的:探究腹腔镜下保留尿道的前列腺剜除术(Madigan)后膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)的预测模型建立及预防措施。方法:选择2019年1月至2022年3月于贵州医科大学附属医院行腹腔镜下Madigan术的BPH患者362例为研究对象,纳入训练集;根据术后是否发生BNC,分为发生BNC组(45例)和未发生BNC组(317例)。按照相同标准另选2022年3~11月于贵州医科大学附属医院行腹腔镜下Madigan术的BPH患者120例纳入验证集。评价手术疗效并收集患者的临床资料。通过LASSO以及多因素Logistic回归分析术后BNC发生的影响因素,构建预测评分模型并评价。结果:与术前相比,术后3个月患者的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)以及残余尿量(PVR)均更低(P<0.05),最大尿流率(Qmax)更高(P<0.05)。LASSO回归分析筛选出8个非零特征预测因子,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低年资术者、合并前列腺炎、膀胱冲洗液温度<34℃、导尿管堵塞、导尿管气囊注水量>40ml以及术后便秘,均是术后BNC发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。训练集和验证集的最佳界值均为2.36分。预测评分模型的评价结果显示,其区分度良好。结论:腹腔镜下Madigan术是治疗BPH安全有效的方法。低年资、合并前列腺炎、膀胱冲洗液温度<34℃、导尿管堵塞、导尿管气囊注水量>40 ml以及术后便秘,均是术后BNC发生的独立危险因素。本研究所构建的预测评分模型区分度良好,且简单易行,可为临床腹腔镜下Madigan术治疗BPH患者术后BNC评估提供参考。

曲安奈德多点注射联合低功率钬激光治疗前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的效果观察

目的分析曲安奈德多点注射联合低功率钬激光治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的效果。方法选择西安大兴医院148例经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩患者作为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各74例。治疗组予以曲安奈德多点注射联合低功率钬激光治疗,对照组单纯予以低功率钬激光治疗。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、复发率情况。结果两组均完成手术并随访,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间相当,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前,两组Qmax和PVR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3、6个月,治疗组Qmax大于对照组,PVR小于对照组(P<0.05);术前,两组IPSS和QOL差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3、6个月,治疗组IPSS、QOL均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后3个月复发率比较无差异(P>0.05);术后6个月,治疗组复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论曲安奈德多点注射联合低功率钬激光治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的效果明确,且优于传统单纯低功率钬激光治疗,在促进术后康复、减少复发率上具有优势,值得临床推广应用。

1470nm激光经尿道改良膀胱颈切开术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻

目的 探讨1470nm激光经尿道改良膀胱颈切开术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻(female bladder neck obstruction,FBNO)的有效性。方法 回顾性分析浙江中医药大学附属第二医院2019年1月至2021年11月34例FBNO患者的临床资料。患者予行1470nm激光经尿道改良膀胱颈扩大切开术,术中使用1470nm半导体激光从膀胱颈12点(截石位)为中心汽化切开,沿膀胱颈将切开部位扩大至9点和3点形成半环形手术创面。术后1、4、10个月随访患者并发症、Bristol女性下尿路症状调查问卷简表(scored form of Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaire,BFLUTS-SF)排尿症状分量表、生活质量(quality of life,Qo L)评分,并复查最大尿流率(maximum urinary flow rate,Q_(max))、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压(detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate,P_(det)Q_(max))、排尿后残余尿量(post-void residual,PVR)。结果 术后随访10个月,患者主观指标BFLUTS-SF、Qo L评分与术前相比有明显改善(P<0.001),客观指标Q_(max)、P_(det)Q_(max)、PVR较术前改善明显(P<0.001)。术后半个月2例患者出现轻微急迫性尿失禁合并尿路感染症状,予抗感染及盆底康复治疗后症状好转。随访期间无膀胱阴道瘘、压力性尿失禁、膀胱颈再次梗阻等并发症发生。结论 1470nm激光经尿道改良膀胱颈切开术可有效缓解膀胱颈梗阻,术后无明显并发症,安全性高,患者满意度佳。

产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底三维超声指标的变化

目的:分析单胎初产压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者产后6~8周盆底三维超声相关指标的变化及危险因素。方法:选取2021年7月至2024年1月于温州市中西医结合医院收治的产后6~8周的初产妇96例,其中SUI 52例为观察组,非SUI 44例为对照组。对2组盆底三维超声指标进行比较,筛选有意义指标纳入Logistic回归分析。结果:观察组膀胱颈漏斗形成率、膀胱颈移动度(BND)、静息状态盆膈裂孔面积(LHA)和Valsalva状态LHA、LHA变化量(△LHA)、两种状态前后径(LH-L)和LH-L变化量(△LH-L)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现膀胱颈漏斗发生率(OR=10.714,95%CI=2.269~50.603,P=0.003)和△LH-L(OR=1.013,95%CI=0.897~1.145,P=0.031)是产后SUI发生的影响因素。结论:在单胎初产SUI患者中,膀胱颈漏斗形成、增大的△LH-L是产后SUI发生的危险因素。

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术中保留膀胱颈技术对术后尿控的效果研究(附视频)

目的:为了评估保留膀胱颈技术应用在机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术中对于围手术期结果及术后尿控的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2020年12月于南京中医药大学附属医院行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术的69例患者临床资料。其中33例为对照组(膀胱颈未完整保留),36例为观察组(完整保留膀胱颈),对患者的临床基本数据和围手术期结果进行比较。结果:比较两组患者的临床资料,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较对照组与观察组的手术时间和出血量,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而观察组在术后引流管放置时间和住院时间方面均更短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后尿控方面,观察组较对照组术后尿控功能恢复快,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组术后3、6、12个月的尿控恢复率均较高。结论:完整保留膀胱颈技术应用于机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术,有益于加快术后康复,帮助患者快速恢复术后尿控功能。

经阴道膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析

目的 探讨经阴道膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床效果。方法 选取2021年3月—2023年1月宿迁市沭阳铭和医院收治的80例女性压力性尿失禁患者为研究对象,将其以数字表法随机分为观察组(n=40例)和对照组(n=40例)。对照组以普罗雌烯醇和子宫托辅助治疗,观察组采取经阴道膀胱颈悬吊治疗,对比两组治疗效果、治疗前后两组生活质量及性功能情况。结果 观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组ICI-Q-SF评分显著低于对照组,I-QOL、PISQ-12显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经阴道膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果确切,可有效改善患者生活质量和性生活质量,值得临床推广。

经尿道双极等离子小体积前列腺剜除术中膀胱颈部注射曲安奈德预防膀胱颈挛缩的研究

目的:探讨经尿道双极等离子小体积前列腺剜除术(TUKEP)术中即刻膀胱颈部多点注射类固醇激素曲安奈德预防术后膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)的疗效。方法:收集我院2019年1月至2021年9月期间接受TUKEP的30例小体积前列腺增生患者为研究对象,对所有接受TUKEP的患者术中即刻行膀胱颈部3点、5点、6点、7点、9点部位曲安奈德注射治疗。随访12个月,比较手术治疗前后的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、排尿后残余尿量(PRV)等指标。通过排尿症状、尿流率检查、膀胱镜检查对TUKEP术后BNC进行诊断。结果:30例患者均顺利接受TUKEP+曲安奈德膀胱颈部注射治疗,无不良事件发生。29例患者术后排尿通畅;1例患者术后5个月发生BNC(3.33%),接受经尿道膀胱颈部挛缩组织切除+曲安奈德膀胱颈部多点注射治疗,间隔一月连续膀胱颈部多点注射曲安奈德两次,随访6个月患者排尿通畅。结论:经尿道小体积前列腺增生切除术中行膀胱颈部多点注射曲安奈德能降低膀胱颈挛缩的发生率,操作安全简便。

盆底超声在产后盆底功能障碍性疾病诊断中的价值分析

目的 分析在产后盆底功能障碍性疾病诊断中盆底超声的应用价值。方法 从2020年1月—2021年12月于三明市第二医院接受产后复查的产妇中随机选择280例作为研究对象,均接受盆底超声检查,根据检查结果显示,150例产妇患有产后盆底功能障碍性疾病(纳入研究组),未发生盆底功能障碍性疾病者产妇有130例(纳入对照组)。对比两组不同状态下盆底超声检查结果。结果 静息状态、缩肛状态和Valsalva状态下患者产后盆底功能障碍性疾病诊断中,研究组膀胱移动度、尿道旋转角、肛提肌裂孔面积大于对照组(P <0.05)。结论在产后盆底功能障碍性疾病诊断中,盆底超声检查的应用能结合患者症状和动态进行无创检测,借助超声检查观察患者盆底结构和功能发生的变化,并运用该技术更直观的观察各脏器之间的关系,为医生诊断疾病提供参考依据。

Management of urethral strictures and stenosis caused by the endo-urological treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasiad-a single-center experience

Objective:Urethral stricture disease after endo-urological treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a sparsely described complication.We describe management of five categories of these strictures in this retrospective observational case series.Methods:One hundred and twenty-one patients presenting with symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction after endo-urological intervention for BPH from February 2016 to March 2019 were evaluated.Among them,76 were eligible for this study and underwent reconstructive surgery.Preoperative and postoperative assessments were done with symptom scores,uroflowmetry,ultrasound for post-void residue,and urethrogram.Any intervention during follow-up was classed as a failure.The recurrence and 95%confidence interval for recurrence percentage were calculated.Results:The following five categories of patients were identified:Bulbo-membranous(33[43.4%]),navicular fossa(21[27.6%]),penile/peno-bulbar(8[10.5%]),bladder neck stenosis(6[7.9%]),and multiple locations(8[10.5%]).The average age was 69 years(range:60-84 years).Overall average symptom score,flow rate,and post-void residue changed from 21 to 7,6 mL/s to 19 mL/s,and 210 mL to 20 mL,respectively.The average follow-up was 34 months(range:12-58 months).Overall recurrence and complication rates were 10.5%and 9.2%,respectively.The recurrence in each category was seen in 3,1,2,1,and 1 patient,respectively.Overall 95% confidence interval for recurrence percentage was 4.66-19.69.Conclusion:Urethral stricture disease is a major long-term complication of endo-urological treatment of BPH.The bulbo-membranous strictures need continence preserving approach.Navicular fossa strictures require minimally invasive and cosmetic consideration.Peno-bulbar strictures require judicious use of grafts and flaps.Bladder neck stenosis in this cohort could be treated with endoscopic measures.Multiple locations need treatment based on their sites in single-stage as far as possible.

电针对骶上脊髓损伤大鼠尿流动力学和近端尿道组织结构的影响

目的 观察电针治疗后骶上脊髓损伤(suprasacral cord injury, SSCI)大鼠的膀胱最大容量(maximum cystometric capacity, MCC)、逼尿肌漏尿点压力(leakage point pressure, DLPP)和近端尿道组织形态学的变化,通过分析近端尿道组织结构形态和细胞成分变化具体引起的功能改变,探讨电针治疗在改善SSCI大鼠下尿路功能的过程中对近端尿道结构和功能的影响。方法 将36只SD雌性大鼠按随机数字表法抽取12只成为空白组;剩余大鼠采用改良的Hassan Shaker法在T10脊髓节段全横断制作SSCI大鼠模型,脊髓休克期后将成模大鼠随机分为模型组和电针组,12只/组。电针组取“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”穴予持续电针刺激40 min,空白组与模型组捆绑固定40 min,1次/d,连续7 d。治疗结束后麻醉大鼠,行尿流动力学检测(MCC和DLPP);随后处死,剪取大鼠近端尿道组织,HE染色观察组织形态结构。结果 与空白组比,模型组大鼠MCC和DLPP均显著升高(P<0.01);电针组大鼠MCC和DLPP显著低于模型组(P<0.01),DLPP较空白组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),MCC仍显著高于空白组(P<0.01);与模型组相比,电针组大鼠尿路上皮细胞结构损伤减轻,固有层胶原纤维弯曲折叠,平滑肌层胶原纤维浸润减少。结论 电针刺激T10脊髓节段全横断大鼠“中极”“次髎”“三阴交”穴,可能通过减小MCC和DLPP,降低膀胱尿道由于过度充盈所承受的张力,从而保护近端尿道组织结构,提高其顺应性。

经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩原因分析及治疗措施

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切治疗良性前列腺增生术后发生膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)相关因素及治疗措施。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2020年1月本院收治的1023例经尿道前列腺电切患者的临床资料,其中36例患者术后因排尿困难入院接受治疗(BNC组),膀胱镜下见膀胱颈黏膜苍白,膀胱颈后唇明显增高,膀胱颈呈环形狭窄,给予膀胱颈内切开联合颈部瘢痕切除治疗,定期复查及随访,明确排尿困难改善情况;另随机选取同期36例经尿道前列腺电切术后无BNC患者作为无BNC组,探讨经尿道前列腺电切术后致BNC相关因素及治疗措施。结果两组年龄、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评分比较差异无统计学意义,两组前列腺体积、前列腺膀胱内突出度(IPP)、手术时间、留置尿管时间、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月,BNC组Q_(max)、Q_(ave)均高于术前,残尿量少于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6、12个月,BNC组Q_(max)、Q_(ave)及残尿量与术后1个月比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月与术后12个月,Q_(max)、Q_(ave)及残尿量比较差异无统计学意义。结论前列腺大小、前列腺突入膀胱内程度、手术时间及术者对电切的熟练程度是造成经尿道前列腺电切术后BNC的主要原因,经尿道膀胱颈内切开联合膀胱颈瘢痕切除是目前治疗BNC有效方法。