3D Particle Image Velocimetry Test of Inner Flow in a Double Blade Pump Impeller

The double blade pump is widely used in sewage treatment industry,however,the research on the internal flow characteristics of the double blade pump with particle image velocimetry（PIV） technology is very little at present.To reveal inner flow characteristics in double blade pump impeller under off-design and design conditions,inner flows in a double blade pump impeller,whose specific speed is 111,are measured under the five off-design conditions and design condition by using 3D PIV test technology.In order to ensure the accuracy of the 3D PIV test,the external trigger synchronization system which makes use of fiber optic and equivalent calibration method are applied.The 3D PIV relative velocity synthesis procedure is compiled by using Visual C＋＋ 2005.Then absolute velocity distribution and relative velocity distribution in the double blade pump impeller are obtained.Test results show that vortex exists in each condition,but the location,size and velocity of vortex core are different.Average absolute velocity value of impeller outlet increases at first,then decreases,and then increases again with increase of flow rate.Again average relative velocity values under 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 design condition are higher than that under 1.0 design condition,while under 0.6 and 1.4 design condition it is lower.Under low flow rate conditions,radial vectors of absolute velocities at impeller outlet and blade inlet near the pump shaft decrease with increase of flow rate,while that of relative velocities at the suction side near the pump shaft decreases.Radial vectors of absolute velocities and relative velocities change slightly under the two large flow rate conditions.The research results can be applied to instruct the hydraulic optimization design of double blade pumps.

Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps, which affects the characteristics of pump heavily. At present, the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps, the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely. Therefore, the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades. The blade number is varied to 4, 6, 7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant. The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT. The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping, and their characteristics are tested in an open loop. The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied. The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head, efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%, 3.9% and 0.36 m, respectively. The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers. With the increase of blade number, the head of the model pumps increases too, the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated, but there are optimum values of blade number for each one. The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.

EFFECTS OF SPLITTER BLADES ON THE LAW OF INNER FLOW WITHIN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

Analysis on the inner flow field of a centrifugal pump impeller with splitter blades is carfled out by numerical simulation. Based on this analysis, the principle of increasing pump head and efficiency are discussed. New results are obtained from the analysis of turbulence kinetic energy and relative velocity distribution： Firstly, unreasonable length or deviation design of the splitter blades may cause great turbulent fluctuation in impeller channel, which has a great effect on the stability of impeller outlet flow; Secondly, it is found that the occurrence of flow separation can be decreased or delayed with splitter blades from the analysis of blade loading; Thirdly, the effect of splitter blades on reforming the structure of ＂jet-wake＂ is explained from the relative velocity distribution at different flow cross-sections, which shows the flow process in the impeller. The inner flow analysis verifies the results of performance tests results and the PIV test.

Influence of Blade Wrap Angle on Centrifugal Pump Performance by Numerical and Experimental Study

The existing research on improving the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps mainly focuses on the design method and the parameter optimization. The traditional design method for centrifugal impellers relies more on experience of engineers that typically only satisfies the continuity equation of the fluid. In this study, on the basis of the direct and inverse iteration design method which simultaneously solves the continuity and motion equations of the fluid and shapes the blade geometry by controlling the wrap angle, three centrifugal pump impellers are designed by altering blade wrap angles while keeping other parameters constant. The three-dimensional flow fields in three centrifugal pumps are numerically simulated, and the simulation results illustrate that the blade with larger wrap angle has more powerful control ability on the flow pattern in impeller. The three pumps have nearly the same pressure distributions at the small flow rate, but the pressure gradient increase in the pump with the largest wrap angle is smoother than the other two pumps at the design and large flow rates. The pump head and efficiency are also influenced by the blade wrap angle. The highest head and efficiency are also observed for the largest angle. An experiment rig is designed and built to test the performance of the pump with the largest wrap angle. The test results show that the wide space of its efficiency area and the stability of its operation ensure the excellent performance of the design method and verify the numerical analysis. The analysis on influence of the blade wrap angle for centrifugal pump performance in this paper can be beneficial to the optimization design of the centrifugal pump.

Influence of Blade Thickness on Transient Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Slurry Pump with Semi-open Impeller

As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeUer blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick impeller blades.

Influence of Blade Outlet Angle on Inner Flow Field of Centrifugal Pump Transporting Salt Aqueous Solution

During transportation of salt aqueous solutions with centrifugal pump, crystallization phenomenon is frequently encountered. For this kind of two-phase flow, it is difficult to be accurately modeled since there are various medium properties and phase change characteristics. In view of experiment, several problems are hampering the implementation of precise measurement. Influences of blade outlet angle and medium temperature on crystallization rate were studied. Sodium sulfate solution was applied to simulate practical fluid in chemical industry. Particle image velocimetry（PIV） was employed to measure velocity distributions in rotating impeller. Crystallization processes in three impellers with different blade outlet angles were investigated. Relations among crystallization and flow parameters such as temperature and velocity were obtained. With the same blade wrap angle, when blade outlet angle is larger, diffusion of single flow passage gets stronger, relative velocity at blade outlet decreases and large scale vortex tends to appear near the blade working surface. For the impact of volume effect of particle phase on fluid viscosity, both liquid and solid phase velocities decrease with continual forming and growing of crystal particles. Velocity of solid phase is greater than that of liquid phase and its direction leans more closely to blade working surface. Solid particles tend to move towards blade working surface, as is more obvious in the impeller with large blade outlet angle. Therefore, collision between solid particles with stem part of blade working surface is more intensive in impeller with large blade outlet angle. Concerning transportation of salt aqueous solution, accurate PIV measurement is conducted in centrifugal impellers with different blade outlet angles. The results are useful and instructive in relevant engineering design and operation.

Numerical and Experimental Study on Flow-induced Noise at Blade-passing Frequency in Centrifugal Pumps

With the increasing noise pollution, low noise optimization of centrifugal pimps has become a hot topic. However, experimental study on this problem is unacceptable for industrial applications due to unsustainable cost. A hybrid method that couples computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with computational aeroacoustic software is used to predict the flow-induced noise of pumps in order to minimize the noise of centrifugal pumps in actual projects. Under Langthjem＇s assumption that the blade surface pressure is the main flow-induced acoustic source in centrifugal pumps, the blade surface pressure pulsation is considered in terms of the acoustical sources and simulated using CFX software. The pressure pulsation and noise distribution in the near-cutoff region are examined for the blade-passing frequency （BPF） noise, and the sound pressure level （SPL） reached peaks near the cutoff that corresponded with the pressure pulsation in this region. An experiment is performed to validate this prediction. Four hydrophones are fixed to the inlet and outlet ports of the test pump to measure the flow-induced noise from the four-port model. The simulation results for the noise are analyzed and compared with the experimental results. The variation in the calculated noise with changes in the flow agreed well with the experimental results. When the flow rate was increased, the SPL first decreased and reached the minimum near the best efficient point （BEP）; it then increased when the flow rate was further increased. The numerical and experimental results confirmed that the BPF noise generated by a blade-rotating dipole roughly reflects the acoustic features of centrifugal pumps. The noise simulation method in current study has a good feasibility and suitability, which could be adopted in engineering design to predict and optimize the hydroacoustic behavior of centrifugal pumps.

The 3D Modeling of Blades of Multiphase Flow Helico-Axial Pump's Rotor Based on Solidworks

The structure of multiphase flow helico-axial pump＇s rotor and how to model the rotor, especially the blades of the rotor, based on the Solidworks software. More important, the principle of the blade design is mainly introduced. Under the guide of the principle, the 3D coordinates of the blade data points can be got by matlab programming. In the paper, the design step and the modeling step are particularly described through a concrete example.

叶片隆起对离心泵空化性能的影响

提出一种在叶片工作面布置隆起结构来提高离心泵抗空化性能的方法,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和Kubota空化模型对离心泵非定常工况下的空化流动进行数值模拟,并对初始叶型和隆起叶型下的空化发展进行对比分析.结果表明:在未发生空化阶段,隆起叶型的泵扬程较初始光滑叶型有小幅度下降;在空化数减小至0.43时,隆起叶型的扬程大于原始叶型,其中隆起直径为2 mm的扬程最高;隆起结构延缓了空化的发生,表现出对空化现象的良好抑制效果;在空化发展阶段,叶片工作面的隆起结构增大了叶片工作面面积和表面粗糙度,改变了叶轮内部流道结构,在近壁面处形成了相对高压和高湍动能区域,增大了压力梯度,减小了叶轮进口低压区面积,有效抑制空化的发生和发展,减小空泡体积;在不同的空化发展阶段,隆起结构在工作面的不同位置未对空化发展产生明显影响.

气液两相条件下叶片开孔对电潜泵性能和内部流场的影响

为了研究电潜泵内部流动机理,从而改善高含气工况下电潜泵的气液混输性能,文中基于欧拉-欧拉非均相流模型,对不同入口含气率工况下叶片开孔前后的气液两相流动特性进行了数值模拟分析,探究了气液两相流条件下叶片开孔对电潜泵性能和内部流场的影响.结果表明,在纯水工况以及低含气率、小流量工况下,叶片开孔会降低电潜泵性能;但是叶片开孔可以改善电潜泵在大流量下的气液混输性能.叶片开孔后会改变叶轮内部压力分布,使电潜泵叶轮内部平均压力升高,进而改善叶轮内部流态.叶片开孔后会冲散气相聚集,使气体分布更加均匀,叶轮流道内涡核分布明显减少,减少了能量耗散.该研究为改善电潜泵气液混输性能提供了理论依据.

叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响

为丰富无轴泵喷推进器噪声性能优化理论,研究了叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响,重点探究了不同叶片数下无轴泵喷推进器内的压力脉动变化规律。基于计算流体力学中的有限体积法离散RANS方程,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭计算模型,采用SIMPLEC进行压力-速度耦合,对不同叶片数下的无轴泵喷推进器内部流场进行了非定常数值模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了详细的对比分析。研究结果表明:随叶片数的增加,无轴泵喷推进器模型的扬程、效率和推力均逐渐增大,叶片表面压力分布更加均匀,叶轮轮缘和中部的压力脉动均明显降低,叶轮进出口主频处的压力脉动幅值从轮缘向中心逐渐减小。

导叶叶片数对喷水推进泵瞬态特性的影响

为揭示喷水推进泵不同导叶叶片数时的瞬态特性规律,基于DES混合模拟和FEM声学有限元方法,对喷水推进泵流场和声场进行数值模拟,并进行试验,验证了瞬态特性数值计算方法的准确性,研究了不同导叶叶片数(Z=5,6,7)对喷水推进泵推力、压力脉动、内流诱导噪声等性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着导叶叶片数增大,喷水推进泵推力先减小后增大,流量逐渐减小,转矩逐渐增大;导叶叶片数对叶轮出口压力脉动分布规律影响较小,对压力脉动主频处幅值有较大影响,轮毂处压力脉动幅值受导叶叶片数增大先减小后增大,轮缘和流道中心处幅值随着导叶叶片数增大逐渐减小;导叶叶片数变化会改变内流诱导噪声主频,增大导叶叶片数有利于降低喷水推进泵内流诱导噪声主频处幅值和总声压级.

导叶叶片数对LNG四级潜液泵轴向力及首级叶轮流场的影响研究

应用CFD技术研究了导叶叶片数对LNG潜液泵首级叶轮压力和轴向力分布的影响,对一、三级导叶同时设计7、8、9三种叶片数,采用K-epsilon湍流模型进行了多工况数值模拟,并采用液氮工质进行了相关外特性试验验证,得到LNG泵内部首级叶轮压力分布以及轴向力特性。结果表明:潜液泵所受总轴向力在导叶数为8时最小,泵的整体效率最优。作用在首级叶轮上后盖板的轴向力大于前盖板。其中,导叶数为8时首级叶轮前后盖板轴向力最小,压力分布最均匀;而导叶数为9时,与叶轮叶片数9相同,运转时会有共同的倍频出现,在相同的倍频上振动累加,并诱发共振,导致前后盖板的轴向受力最大,叶轮前盖板所受轴向力相对于其他方案平均增加了3.45%;后盖板轴向受力绝对值平均增加1.88%。综上,导叶数为8时潜液泵的水力效率最优。

基于图像处理分析的真空泵刮片安装缺陷检测

真空泵刮片是否存在缺陷以及是否正确装入石墨转子,对真空泵的性能影响很大。在真空泵制造装配过程中,采用机器视觉自动判定石墨刮片装入转子后的状态。由于刮片装入转子后其整体的轮廓具有随机性,无法采用轮廓分析进行缺陷检测;刮片及转子成像灰度值不均匀、刮片与背景灰度值对比差,也无法采用传统的模式匹配进行缺陷检测。在借助NI Vision Assistant,依次进行图像预处理提取刮片轮廓后再采用灰度匹配取得良好效果。经过试样结果表明:该方法缺陷识别精度高、结果判定稳定,实现了刮片缺陷检测在工厂现场的应用。

基于正交试验的缝隙引流叶轮优化设计

为探究不同参数下缝隙引流叶轮对离心泵性能的影响,采用正交试验方法,以某型两级离心泵为研究对象,根据L_(6)(2^(1)×3^(2))正交表,选取小叶片包角、小叶片周向重叠度、缝隙宽度等3个参数作为试验因素,设计出6种叶轮。基于SST k-ω湍流模型对离心泵内部流场开展了数值计算工作,获得了各方案在不同工况下的性能曲线。采用极差分析法,探究了不同因素对扬程和效率的影响。对优化叶轮方案进行试验,获得泵试验性能曲线。结果表明,小叶片周向重叠度和缝隙宽度对扬程和效率影响较大,小叶片能有效改善两级叶轮内部的流动结构;采用优化叶轮方案后,离心泵额定点扬程增加2.3%,效率提高0.86%。对缝隙引流叶轮进行优化设计可有效提高泵性能。

某大型轴流泵叶片角度测量显示装置技术改造探讨

从某大型轴流泵叶片角度测量显示装置技术改造实例出发,通过分析现有叶片角度显示装置结构特点,针对轴流泵叶片调节机构叶片角度原测量显示装置存在的缺陷问题,提出一款新型大型轴流泵叶片角度测量显示装置,阐述了数显式叶片角度测量显示装置改造方法和运行特点,以期为同类型叶片角度测量显示装置的技术改造提供参考。

超超临界火电机组给水泵汽轮机20Cr13钢动叶片断裂原因

某超超临界机组在运行过程中,其给水泵汽轮机第4级20Cr13钢动叶片发生断裂事故。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能测试、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法分析了叶片断裂的原因。结果表明:给水泵汽轮机部分动叶片装配不当,叶根与叶根槽装配间隙偏大,叶片明显松动;在转子长期高速转动过程中,叶片承受了较高水平的交变循环载荷,部分装配间隙大的动叶片叶根与叶根槽接触部位发生微动疲劳损伤,叶根周向边缘发生双向多源性疲劳开裂,裂纹逐步扩展,最终导致叶片断裂。

分流叶片对多相混输泵叶轮做功性能的影响

为了提高螺旋叶片多相混输泵的做功性能,借鉴常规长短叶片离心泵的设计方法,设计了一种带有分流叶片的螺旋叶片式多相混输泵,通过采用数值计算加以试验验证的方法深入探究了设计有分流叶片后多相混输泵叶轮的做功性能。结果表明:随着进口含气量和流量的增加,原模型和分流叶片模型总功率和静功率均逐渐增加且各截面上的静功率占比远超动功率。功率分布的变化表明分流叶片会引起叶轮进口截面的静功率下降且低于原模型,出口截面的动功率增加且高于原模型,致使叶轮进口区域的做功能力被削弱,但不影响叶轮主要做功区间位置,而且还提升了叶轮总功率且该提升量主要受益于动功率的增加。研究结果对螺旋叶片式多相混输泵的结构改型和性能提升有十分重要的参考价值。

叶形仿生优化对离心血泵水力性能及溶血特性的影响

离心血泵的优化对于体外膜肺氧合的临床应用具有重要意义。本研究参考座头鲸在深海中作原地转身运动时其鳍状肢的流线形,重新设计血泵的叶片。采用计算流体动力学对血泵性能进行预测和评估;通过水力试验来验证数值计算的准确性;溶血预测模型采用渐进一致数值近似方法。仿真结果表明,叶片尾缘形状对出口隔舌处的流场分布和该区域的壁面剪应力分布均有显著影响;当叶片尾缘达到一定扭转角度时,叶片结构能较好地适应泵内的流场环境,但当扭转角度不足时,流场扰动反而会增大。与原模型相比,扭转角为20°的模型在转速为2500 rpm、流量为5 L/min的工况下,扬程试验结果增加11.6%,水力效率提升3.1%,溶血指数下降40.1%。总的来说,具有一定扭转角度的仿生叶片尾缘结构可以提高半开放式离心血泵的性能。

双吸式离心泵叶片吸力面泥沙磨损破坏规律与形成机制研究

离心泵叶片泥沙磨损是引黄泵站面临的工程难题,采用模型试验及数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了双吸式离心泵叶片出口的磨损破坏规律及其形成机制。采用多层涂层法、丝线法和内窥式成像技术对叶片的磨损特征和近壁面流态进行了分析,并结合数值模拟分析了叶轮流道内的旋涡结构及颗粒轨迹。研究发现:叶片吸力面出口存在左右近似对称的“三角形”磨损破坏区域,该区域存在明显的流动分离;叶轮内的叶道涡和出口回流涡是导致叶片吸力面出口磨损的主要原因。源于叶片压力面进口的叶道涡诱导泥沙颗粒向叶片吸力面出口聚集,造成吸力面出口的集中磨损;叶片吸力面出口附近存在的回流涡诱导颗粒进行轴向旋转运动,加剧叶片吸力面出口的磨损破坏。本研究为双吸式离心泵的抗磨损设计提供了理论支撑。