应用生物反应器扩繁‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎

在生物反应器内‘CasaBlanca’百合鳞茎的生长显著优于在固体培养基培养 ,培养 16周后鳞茎鲜样质量为培养初期的 2 2 4倍 ,但固体培养只达到 16 5倍 ;5L气球型生物反应器内接入 4 0 0个小鳞茎时 ,可获得 2 95个 >1 1g以上的鳞茎 ,多于其它培养密度 ;生物反应器内生产的鳞茎地上茎发生率高于在固体培养基上培养的鳞茎 ,1 1g以上的达到 90 % ,但在固体培养基培养的鳞茎 ,2 1g以上的也只达到 6 5 %。

Grain Size Distribution of Soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: An Indicator of Basic Mechanical Properties for Slope Stability Evaluation

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin(glacial, fluvial, or debris flow). The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System(USCS). These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines(Group A, 7%-21.5%; Group B, 21%-65%). The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution werealso used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities.

Precipitation and Rainwater pH Spatial Distribution in Bahia Blanca and Tandil, Argentina

While the occurrence of rainfall is a regional scale phenomenon, cities influence on precipitation spatial distribution patterns and their characteristics. These influences had been studied for a very long time especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Tandil and Bahia Blanca are middle cities of Argentina located in the south of Buenos Aires province. Both present continental template climate. The aim of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of precipitation and the rainwater pH values for the period October 2010-September 2011 in Tandil and Bahia Blanca. Gauge rain nets were installed in both cities. In each event of precipitation, amount and pH values were collected. Isohyets plotting were included in the thematic cartography that was made using ArcGis 9.3~ software. Although natural rains are generally considered as being weakly acid, the rainwater pH measurements demonstrated that in both cities the rain is alkaline. Regarding to the spatial distribution of the precipitation amounts, the isohyets of the annual records showed that the highest values were registered in areas of higher elevation while the lowest values were presented in both cities downtown, where the high buildings are concentrated.

6-BA、GA_3和IBA对香水百合叶绿素含量及抗氧化物酶活性的影响

以香水百合为试验材料,采用四因素四水平L16(44)正交设计方法,研究了6-苄基氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)3种植物生长调节剂的不同浓度及不同浸球时间对香水百合光合色素及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同时期,各处理叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b的含量均高于对照,且与对照差异显著,呈先上升后下降的趋势,在现蕾期或初花期达到最大值,GA3150mg/L、IBA 40mg/L、6-BA 60mg/L、浸球40min时叶绿素含量最高。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性增强,GA3150mg/L、IBA 40mg/L、6-BA 60mg/L、浸球40min时二者均维持在较高水平。丙二醛(MDA)的含量低于对照,且上升趋势减缓,GA3100～150mg/L、IBA 40～60mg/L、6-BA 60mg/L、浸球10～40min时MDA含量最低。综合分析表明,在所有处理中,以150mg/L GA3+40mg/L IBA+60mg/L 6-BA组合和40min浸球处理的合理搭配效应为最佳。

GA_3、IBA和6-BA对香水百合开花特性及内源激素的影响

采用正交设计研究了6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)3种植物生长调节剂对香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)开花特性及内源激素的影响。结果表明,以150 mg/L GA3+40 mg/L IBA+60 mg/L 6-BA和40 min的浸球处理组合最佳,可使香水百合的花期提前,而且改善了花的品质,蕾长增加,花径增大。植物生长调节剂与香水百合开花性状的相关分析表明,外源6-BA对开花性状起主要作用。内源GA3和IAA含量的变化趋势一致,从现蕾期到盛花期呈下降趋势,花衰败后上升;内源ABA含量随着花的形成含量逐渐升高;内源ZT含量在盛花期下降,花衰败后再次上升。内源激素的动态变化影响了香水百合的开花特性,不同时期内源激素与开花特性的相关性不同。

氮、磷、钾、钙对香水百合生长及叶片养分含量的影响

以盆栽香水百合为试验材料,采用氮、磷、钾、钙四因素四水平L16(44)正交试验设计方法,研究了不同肥料配比对香水百合株高、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素和叶片中氮、磷、钾、钙含量变化的影响,旨在揭示香水百合需肥规律,为其规范化栽培提供依据。结果表明,1)氮肥对株高、叶面积、叶绿素影响显著,基本呈极显著正相关,氮肥为300mg/kg时株高、叶片数、叶面积和叶绿素均最高;磷肥、钙肥与株高、叶片数、叶面积、叶绿素呈正相关;磷肥100～150mg/kg、钾肥150mg/kg、钙肥120mg/kg时叶面积、叶绿素最高。2)叶片中氮、磷、钾、钙养分含量均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,在现蕾期或初花期达到最高,现蕾期后不同处理间叶片养分含量差异显著。氮肥200～300mg/kg、磷肥100mg/kg、钾肥0～300mg/kg时四者含量均最高。3)综合考虑各因素,最佳配比组合为氮300mg/kg、磷100mg/kg、钾150mg/kg、钙120mg/kg,该处理的香水百合生长状况最佳,株高增长快,叶片质量高,且叶中养分含量高,叶片磷、钾、钙积累持续时间长。

不同氮、磷、钾、钙水平对香水百合切花品质效应的研究

以盆栽香水百合为试验材料,用氮、磷、钾、钙四因素四水平L16(44)正交试验设计方法,测定了百合切花形态、瓶插寿命、花瓣中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量等指标,以期探讨配比施肥对香水百合切花品质的影响。结果表明,以施用氮肥300 mg/kg、磷肥100 mg/kg、钾肥150 mg/kg、钙肥120 mg/kg配比处理最佳,提高了百合的株高、花径叶面积,延长了切花瓶插寿命,维持了花瓣中SOD活性在较高水平,还减缓了瓶插期间花瓣中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的下降。在瓶插3个时期内切花SOD活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均与氮、磷、钙营养呈正相关,而与钾营养呈负相关。

香水百合总黄酮提取液体外抑菌活性研究

建立了香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)中总黄酮提取液体外抑菌活性的测定方法。以70%乙醇水溶液提取香水百合中的总黄酮,以芦丁为标准品,利用分光光度法测定其总黄酮含量。以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌为供试菌,采用滤纸片法和最低抑菌浓度法(MIC)测定了提取液的体外抑菌活性。结果表明,香水百合中总黄酮含量为137 mg/g(13.7%);总黄酮提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈平均直径为13.25 mm,对大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌圈平均直径为9.75 mm;最低抑菌浓度分别为0.587 5 mg/m L(金黄色葡萄球菌)和2.350 0 mg/m L(大肠埃希氏菌)。香水百合总黄酮提取液具有一定的抑菌活性,且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果比大肠埃希氏菌好。

氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究

【目的】研究钙肥施用方式和浓度对香水百合生长初期和开花期内源激素和碳氮营养的动态变化,以期探讨钙对香水百合开花花期和开花品质的影响。【方法】以香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)为材料,采用盆栽试验,配置0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%5个浓度的CaCl_2溶液,采用种球浸泡(在定植前,连续浸泡10 h)和叶面喷施(在生长初期,每隔3 d喷施一次,连续喷施3次)两种方式处理。生长初期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期分别取样,测定香水百合在开花进程中钙含量以及碳氮营养和内源激素的的动态变化。开花期测定香水百合开花形态指标(株高、茎粗、蕾长、花径、开花率和开花整齐度)和花期调控指标(开花持续天数、到花日数)。【结果】1)在处理浓度范围内,CaCl_2溶液浸泡处理水平与株高、蕾长、花径呈显著正相关,与茎粗呈极显著负相关,而叶面喷施处理的钙水平与株高、茎粗、蕾长和花径均呈极显著正相关。浸泡浓度在1.2%和喷施浓度在1.6%时,开花率较高,而浸泡浓度为0.8%和喷施浓度为1.6%时,开花整齐度高。浸泡与喷施处理浓度均与到花日数和现蕾天数呈极显著负相关,与末花天数和开花持续天数呈极显著正相关。2)在开花时期,低浓度种球浸泡间(0.4%与0.8%处理)百合叶片的钙含量差异不显著,而高浓度种球浸泡(1.6%)和高浓度叶面喷施(1.6%)钙含量开始下降。3)两种处理方式下,CaCl_2溶液处理浓度与开花期吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)、玉米素/脱落酸(ZR/ABA)和(吲哚乙酸+赤霉素)/脱落酸((IAA+GA3)/ABA)呈显著正相关,与ABA、IAA/GA3和IAA/ZR呈显著负相关,采用叶面喷施效果更是达到极显著水平。施钙提高了开花前期百合叶片IAA含量(15.77%~42.93%)、GA3含量(35.57%~65.67%),降低了ABA含量(66.14%~26.27%),使花期提前。施钙处理提高了开花后期ZR含量(46.66%~60.42%),香水百合开花持续天数延长了3~11 d。4)CaCl_2浸泡处理的钙水平与百合叶片中可溶性糖呈显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白和总糖/全氮比值相关不显著。CaCl_2喷施处理的钙水平与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和总糖/全氮比均呈极显著正相关。种球浸泡和叶面喷湿均可促进开花前中期可溶性糖和淀粉含量的积累,叶面喷施百合盛花期叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量较浸泡处理平均高22.5%,百合花衰老推迟3~5 d。【结论】种球浸泡和叶面喷施CaCl_2溶液均可提高香水百合开花品质,提前开花期,延长开花持续天数。种球浸泡处理对促进香水百合开花和提高开花品质的效果较好,高浓度种球浸泡(1.6%)可显著提高香水百合的株高、蕾长和花径,低浓度种球浸泡(0.4%)可促使百合开花期提前。叶面喷施CaCl_2溶液在提高香水百合开花率,延长开花持续天数上效果明显,中浓度种球浸泡(1.2%)和高浓度叶面喷施(1.6%)更适宜对香水百合开花和花期调节。

水杨苷异羟肟酸对香水百合切花保鲜效应的研究

[目的]筛选出适宜的切花保鲜剂及浓度。[方法]以香水百合为试材,清水为对照,应用不同浓度的CaCl2、6-BA和SHAM保鲜剂处理百合切花,测定其瓶插寿命、单花寿命、第4天最大花径和第7天最大花。[结果]2 000 mg/L CaCl2、2.0 mg/L 6-BA和40 mg/LSHAM对百合切花保鲜效果最好。[结论]SHAM可延缓百合切花采后衰老,延长其瓶插寿命。

用正交试验法优化香水百合试管鳞茎的诱导

通过正交试验研究了不同浓度(0～0.5 mg/L) NAA、不同浓度(0.5～2.0 mg/L) 6-BA、不同鳞片层次(外层、中层、内层)及不同鳞片部位(上部、中部、基部)对香水百合试管鳞茎诱导的影响,并优化了诱导试管鳞茎的组织培养条件。结果表明:各因素对诱导试管鳞茎的影响大小为NAA>6-BA>鳞片层次>鳞片部位;试管鳞茎诱导的最佳组合条件是MS基本培养基+0.1 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+中层鳞片+鳞片中部部位,在此条件下诱导香水百合试管鳞茎,诱导率达到100%,平均分化数达到4.89。

粉红香水百合离体培养与植株再生

以粉红香水百合花丝、花柱和子房为外植体进行了离体培养,研究了不同外植体和植物生长调节物质对其愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的影响.结果表明:三种外植体中,花丝愈伤组织诱导率最高,在光照条件下为40%,在黑暗条件下为50%.培养基中含有2.0 mg/L picloram有利于进行愈伤组织增殖,增殖倍数高达6.29;愈伤组织分化成小鳞茎最佳培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;在MS+1.5 mg/L NAA+0.1%活性炭的生根培养基中,生根效果最好.再生植株经过驯化移栽到室外,30 d后成活率为90%.

水杨酸对低温胁迫下香水百合叶片生理活性的影响

将分别经0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)于常温预处理的香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)幼苗置于5℃下进行低温胁迫试验,以清水处理为对照(CK),处理0、6、12、18、24 h后测定其叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明,叶片喷施一定浓度的SA可缓解低温对香水百合幼苗的伤害,与对照相比,喷施SA的幼苗在低温胁迫下叶片中丙二醛含量降低,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量升高,SOD、CAT和POD活性升高。综合比较,以0.5 mmol/L SA处理后低温胁迫12 h的抗低温效果最明显。

遮阴对香水百合生长和开花的影响

[目的]研究遮阴对香水百合(Lilium casa Blanca)生长发育的影响,为其在四川地区的引种驯化、规模化栽培种植提供理论依据。[方法]以香水百合‘黄天霸’为试材,设置4个遮光梯度,分别是60%、70%、80%和90%,研究了遮阴对香水百合生长和开花的影响。[结果]随着遮阴强度增加,株高逐渐变高,叶面积逐渐变大,茎逐渐变细,但茎粗变化不显著。在遮阴60%处理下,‘黄天霸’现蕾期和透色期均提前,较其他处理平均提前3 d,花蕾个数、花径、花瓣长度也优于其他处理,同时花色也更为艳丽、饱满,花期稍长于其他处理1d。[结论]因此四川地区香水百合生产最佳遮阴强度为60%。

城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥混合应用的效果评价

为研究不同配比污泥与园林废弃物堆肥产品混合施用对香水百合生长、开花和土壤改良的影响,以北京市城市污泥和园林废弃物为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置7种处理均为添加20%的堆肥产品混合物(处理1至处理7污泥所占比重分别为:0%、100%、90%、80%、70%、60%、50%),以纯壤土为对照,比较了其对栽植香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)后盆栽土壤的改良作用和对植物的影响。结果表明:混合施加后香水百合能够有效吸收大量养分,有利于其生长和开花,也有助于改善土壤pH值,其中,处理6和处理7效果最好。

Glacier retreat, rock weathering and the growth of lichensin the Churup Valley, Peruvian Tropical Andes

The most heavily glacierized tropical range in the world– the Peruvian Cordillera Blanca-has been losing ice since the end of the Little Ice Age(LIA).In this study,the decline of the Churup glacier(9°28’18"S;77°25’02"W)and associated processes were documented employing multi-proxy approach including the analysis of remotely sensed images(1948-2016),the Schmidt hammer rock test and lichenometric dating.It is shown that Churup glacier has lost the vast majority of its estimated LIA extent(1.05±0.1 km^2;45.0×10^6-57.4×10^6 m^3).The rate of glacier retreat is documented to vary in space(SE,SW and NW-facing slopes)and time,with the peak between 1986 and 1995.With an area of 0.045 km^2 in 2016,it is expected that the complete deglaciation of the Churup valley is inevitable in the near future.Recently(post-LIA)exposed bedrock surfaces have shown higher R-values(54.2-66.4,AVG 63.3,STDEV 2.9)compared to pre-LIA exposed surfaces(46.1-59.3,AVG 50.1,STDEV 4.9),confirming the links to the duration of rock weathering.The Lichenometric dating is applied to recently exposed areas and elevations above 4800 m a.s.l.,revealing only limited reliability and agreement with the age of deglaciation estimated from remotely-sensed images in such an environment.

Can a dam type of an alpine lake be derived from lake geometry?A negative result

Glacial lake outburst floods(GLOFs)represent one of the most serious hazard and risk in deglaciating high mountain regions worldwide and the need for GLOF hazard and risk assessment is apparent.As a consequence,numerous region-and nation-wide GLOF assessment studies have been published recently.These studies cover large areas and consider hundreds to thousands of lakes,prioritizing the hazard posed by them.Clearly,certain simplification is required for executing such studies,often resulting in neglecting qualitative characteristics which would need manual assignment.Different lake dam types(e.g.,bedrock-dammed,moraine-dammed)are often not distinguished,despite they control GLOF mechanism(dam overtopping/dam breach)and thus GLOF magnitude.In this study,we explore the potential of easily measurable quantitative characteristics and four ratios to approximate the lake dam type.Our dataset of 851 lakes of the Cordillera Blanca suggests that while variances and means of these characteristics of individual lake types differ significantly(F-test,t-test),value distribution of different geometrical properties can’t be used for the originally proposed purpose along the spectra.The only promising results are obtained for extreme values(selected bins)of the ratios.For instance,the low width to length ratio indicates likely morainedammed lake while the high value of ratio indicating round-shape of the lake indicates increased likelihood of bedrock-dammed lake.Overall,we report a negative result of our experiment since there are negligible differences of relative frequencies in most of the bins along the spectra.