Development of laser and microwave scanning technologies in the blast furnace burden profile and lining condition measurement at CSC

In order to stabilise the operation of the blast furnace and to raise its operation efficiency,research works for the application of microwave and laser scanning technologies to the measurement have been intensively carried out at China Steel Corporation(CSC).To monitor the burden profile during the operation,a microwave burden profile measuring system was developed.The system consists of a radar unit,a signal processing system, and a driving device which is capable of rotating the radar to scan the burden surface in a specified direction.A nitrogen cooling system was designed to protect the measurement system.A prototype burden profile meter was successfully tested in No.1 blast furnace in 2008,and a permanent one was installed at No.3 blast furnace.The system has provided useful information for adjusting the charging sequence in No.3 blast furnace.For another application,3 - D laser scanning technology is employed to monitor the blast furnace lining condition.To this end,a data registration method has been developed,through which two measured range images sensed at different period and locations can be fitted into the same coordinate system.In practice,the erosion of the blast furnace lining can be estimated when the current inner profile is compared with that taken before the blow-in operation. This technology is also adopted to evaluate the performance of gunning operation in the blast furnaces at CSC.

Burden Distribution for Bell-Less Top With Two Parallel Hoppers

The circumferential burden distribution of bell-less top with two parallel hoppers was analyzed to obtain the expressions of burden flux and uneven ratio. The four-batch feeding spirally with two parallel hoppers was proposed to realize even burden distribution by uneven flux, ensuring reasonable distribution of BF gas and effective usage of heat energy and chemical energy of gas as well as stable BF production with higher quality and lower consumption.

Multi-Model Based PSO Method for Burden Distribution Matrix Optimization With Expected Burden Distribution Output Behaviors

Burden distribution is one of the most important operations, and also an important upper regulation in blast furnace(BF) iron-making process. Burden distribution output behaviors(BDOB) at the throat of BF is a 3-dimensional spatial distribution produced by burden distribution matrix(BDM),including burden surface output shape(BSOS) and material layer initial thickness distribution(MLITD). Due to the lack of effective model to describe the complex input-output relations,BDM optimization and adjustment is carried out by experienced foremen. Focusing on this practical challenge, this work studies complex burden distribution input-output relations, and gives a description of expected MLITD under specific integral constraint on the basis of engineering practice. Furthermore, according to the decision variables in different number fields, this work studies optimization of BDM with expected MLITD, and proposes a multi-mode based particle swarm optimization(PSO) procedure for optimization of decision variables. Finally, experiments using industrial data show that the proposed model is effective, and optimized BDM calculated by this multi-model based PSO method can be used for expected distribution tracking.

Burden Distribution Calculation of Bell-Less Top of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-Radar Data

The burden distribution real-time estimation problem of multi-loop charging based on the real multi-radar data is resolved.Firstly , an iterative algorithm is introduced to calculate the radial coordinate of the pile-top.Then , based on the multi-radar data , the burden profile is estimated by a cubic-curve equation at the end of the multi-loop charging.Furthermore , the burden profile before the next multi-loop charging is calculated based on multi-radar data by considering the impact of burden descent.On the basis of these burden profiles , a more accurate thickness ratio of ore to coke （ RO/C ） at the radial direction of blast furnace can be obtained.Finally , an example is given to calculate the burden profiles and RO/C by using the real multi-radar data sampled from Baosteel , which shows the effectiveness of the method introduced.

Mathematical model of burden distribution in bell-less top blast furnace

The burden distribution in the shaft of blast furnace is known to affect the gas distribution,heat transfer,and chemical reactions inside the furnace.However,the internal layer structure of burden in the shaft cannot be directly measured.Hence,a mathematical model for evaluating burden profile and layer structure was established.A sensitivity analysis based on the model was implemented to elucidate the effect of some factors on the burden distribution,including the stockline height and the mass of central coke.The results show that the width of funnel zone widens with the increase in stockline height,and the mass percentage of ore to coke in this zone slightly increases.Besides,the mass of central coke shows a significant influence on the width of coke channel,and 2%of batch mass of coke is recommended to implement central coke charging operation.The model has been indirectly verified by the gas temperature in operating blast furnace and successfully applied to online evaluate burden distribution.

日钢大型高炉经济炼铁技术的应用效果

经济炼铁是基于系统集成的炼铁技术,运用经营理念指导炼铁生产实践,从而实现炼铁的经营目标。日钢根据自身的原燃料条件和技术经验,在新建3000m高炉时,对炉型设计充分优化,并创新性地把各系统先进技术进行集成应用,为高炉经济开炉及经济运行打下了良好基础。通过采取保障原燃料质量、控制合理的煤气流分布、活跃炉缸、优化渣相等措施,高炉实现了经济冶炼条件下炉况长期稳定顺行,生铁成本优势明显。2023年1-8月,对比沿江沿海25家钢企同类高炉综合生铁成本,日钢大型高炉生铁成本领先82元/t。

邯宝3200m^(3)高炉原燃料质量下降后的提产降耗措施

邯宝3200m^(3)高炉原燃料质量下降后,中心气流不畅通,边沿气流不稳定,炉况顺行变差,高炉主要技术经济指标退步较多,生产成本大幅升高。通过采取提高原燃料质量、调整布料制度、优化下部操作制度、优化造渣制度及改进修复风操作等措施,高炉炉况顺行程度得到明显改善,风氧量水平大幅度提高,高炉稳定性和抗干扰能力增强,主要技术经济指标有较大的进步。2022年11月,高炉日产量达到8705t/d,燃料比降低至507.3kg/t,生产成本大幅降低。

马钢A高炉低风温条件下的布料矩阵转换探索

通过对A高炉炉缸活性不足条件下的两次布料矩阵转换探索,经过技术攻关,结合布料落点计算分析以及全铸铁冷却壁操作炉型的制度、参数匹配性摸索,得到了合理的布料矩阵,优化了两道煤气流分布,实现了低风温冶炼条件下的高产低耗生产。

高炉无料钟炉顶布料规律探索与实践

济钢1 750 m3高炉采用串罐无料钟炉顶布料系统。建立了布料模型,并在高炉生产中不断验证,逐步消化和掌握了无料钟技术,摸索出一系列无料钟炉顶布料的相关规律;建立了布料矩阵调节的基本准则,以“稳”为前提,以“平台漏斗”理论为依据,充分发挥了布料矩阵技术优势,确保高炉稳定顺行。研究结果表明:焦平台一旦确定,靠微调矿石矩阵可以调整煤气流的合理分布,达到维持矿焦比合理分布的控制目标。通过布料矩阵的不断优化,使高炉的顺行状况改善,高炉的利用系数达到2.35 t/(m3.d)。

高炉料面形状双驱动模型研究

高炉料面形状是指导高炉布料决策的重要依据.本文在已开发的新型雷达检测手段的基础上将雷达检测数据和布料机理进行融合.首先根据牛顿运动规律计算炉料颗粒从料流调节阀至料面的运动过程,然后根据体积约束原则建立料面形状模型,最后通过高斯过程回归模型将机理模型和摆动雷达测量得到的料面信息融合,建立了基于雷达数据和机理模型双驱动的高炉料面形状模型.仿真结果表明,本文提出的数据融合的方法在结合雷达检测数据和机理模型的基础上能够更好的拟合出高炉料面形状,可以为高炉稳定运行,节能减排提供可靠指导.

并罐式无钟炉顶装料行为的离散元模拟及实验研究

通过离散元模拟和物理实验相结合的方法研究了并罐式无钟炉顶装料过程中颗粒的流动行为.结果表明:DEM模拟能很好地再现实验结果;料罐内部颗粒间力的分布不均匀,强力链主要分布在料罐下部和斜墙附近;料罐内颗粒流动为偏斜式漏斗流,可分为准呆滞区、流动加速区、两侧墙壁附近的剪切层,料罐内颗粒流动模式影响着颗粒的排放顺序,并进一步影响颗粒的下落轨迹及其在炉内的分布;颗粒流动轨迹受料罐出口闸门开度的影响,为保证稳定布料,应将闸门开度控制在合理的范围内;颗粒堆积过程中,堆尖位置随着料流落点位置而变化,堆尖半径大于落点半径.

基于分层递阶融合算法的高炉料面煤气流分布软测量方法

高炉能否稳顺、高产和低耗运行与煤气流的分布密切相关,本文针对料面煤气流分布难以直接检测的问题,提出了一种基于多源信息分层递阶融合的高炉料面煤气流分布软测量方法.首先,将多源信息配准为同一时间和空间的尺度;然后,采用数据级融合分别建立能够反映煤气径向和轴向分布的高炉料面温度场模型和高炉布料模型;最后,利用模糊决策级融合算法计算出高炉料面煤气流分布状态.现场数据仿真表明本文的检测方法有效,能够准确地反映高炉料面的煤气流分布状态,为高炉操作提供必要的指导.

基于数据驱动的高炉料面优化决策模型研究

高炉炼铁是一个典型的高能耗、高排放、高污染的工业环节.合理的炉料分布能够形成更加合理的煤气流分布,使得炉内的化学反应更加充分,对高炉长期稳顺运行和节能减排具有重要作用.本文针对基于经验的料面形状决策不能根据炉况变化做出准确和及时的调控的缺陷,提出了基于数据驱动的高炉料面形状优化决策模型.首先,基于现场采集的数据,在考虑高炉生产实际情况约束和变量上下限约束的情况下,建立了以煤气利用率为评价函数的料面优化模型.然后,为了提高模型的精度和决策性能,提出了一种误差补偿超限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)方法用于建立料面优化过程模型,以减少模型与实际生产过程之间的误差.在此基础上,采用带有约束条件的自适应粒子群算法对模型进行求解.最后,通过仿真实验验证了所建模型和优化方法的有效性,实验结果表明所构建的高炉料面优化决策模型能够及时根据生产情况的变化给出合理的料面形状,满足现场生产的需求,使高炉高效稳定运行.

高炉布料数学模型的开发及应用

为研究炉料在炉内的分布,对武钢1号高炉在开炉前进行了料面测量,在获得的炉料堆积规律的基础上开发了高炉布料数学模型,利用开发的数学模型模拟炉料下落的轨迹,求解料面形状,计算炉料的O/C比分布,利用模型计算结果对不同布料矩阵的布料效果实行量化评估,结合高炉专家系统中有关煤气流分布的信息,可以及时对布料矩阵作出调整。

基于机理、数据和知识的大型高炉冶炼过程建模研究

高炉冶炼过程具有强非线性、大时滞和欠调节的特性,其内部为多相多场耦合的复杂动态系统,仅单一地从机理角度构建高炉模型或简单地利用高炉数据建模很难达到较好的效果.为此,利用新型高炉传感器所测数据,并结合高炉冶炼机理、运行数据和专家经验构建了几个高炉局部模型.几个模型都以高炉实际数据进行了测试,并且成果已运行于柳钢2号高炉之上.

无料钟高炉布料模型的研究与应用

针对高炉炉内料面的分布特征,通过分析和考虑无料钟高炉布料的影响因素及其特点,结合数学知识和计算机技术,建立了无料钟高炉布料模型。该模型在某钢铁企业的450 m3小型高炉中得到了实际应用,实现了无料钟高炉布料过程的实时监视,指导操作工对炉料分布进行合理调整,从而提高了料柱的透气性指数,降低了焦比,改善了高炉冶炼状况。这对实时了解高炉炉内料面的分布情况,指导高炉的优化操作具有十分重要的意义。

无料钟高炉布料模型设计与应用

高炉布料是高炉炼铁研究中的一个关键问题,针对某450m3无料钟高炉难直接监测炉料分布的情况,分析了影响炉料分布的基本因素,借助运动学分析、统计规律、专家经验建立布料数学模型,阐述了模型的四个组成部分,即Q/r料流模型、料流轨迹模型、炉料分布模型、矿焦比计算模型的设计以及其组织结构关系,提出了量化煤气流分布趋势的矿焦比指数,利用生产数据间接验证模型的有效性。系统运行情况表明,模型可以有效地指导炉料合理分布,降低高炉焦比,改善冶炼状况,保证高炉稳顺生产。

高炉无钟炉顶布料模拟实验与应用

对无料钟布料公式进行修正,得到修正公式n={l20cos2β+2l0cosβLx+[1+(4π2ωl20/C21)L2x]}1/2-0.38.运用1:7模拟试验装置模拟南钢1号高炉布料规律.提出适合南钢1号高炉的布料制度C32C30C30C28.针对南钢亏料线及中心不活跃炉况计算出不同亏料线深度时溜槽角度的变化及中心加焦制度方案,中心加焦时α大约为17o.

大型高炉布料模型的研究与应用

以无料钟布料过程中物料运动机理为基础,改进了料流轨迹的修正方法,提出了料面形状计算的新方法.高炉布料模型在计算过程中考虑了炉料特性、焦炭塌落等对料面形状的影响,使计算结果更符合实际布料.结合生产实践需求,计算出了各种不同布料制度下炉料的料面形状、炉料径向分布、径向矿焦比等参数,提出了高炉区域焦炭负荷指数,更加直观、形象地对比各种布料制度.利用该模型可解答大型高炉生产上存在的问题,对高炉的实际生产提出了实用性建议,为高炉操作人员调整布料制度提供了理论指导.

串罐无钟炉顶炉料分布控制技术研究与实践

针对现场测定总结出无料钟溜槽布料料流特点 ,通过数学模拟得出操作与设备结构参数对料流轨迹的影响 ,并对马钢新 1号高炉炉料分布控制技术进行了分析。研究和实践表明 :大型高炉多环布料的核心是形成具有一定宽度的平台 ,这种平台对控制煤气流分布非常有效 ;小粒烧结矿加入量与加入位置与原燃料条件有关 ;当炉况不好时 ,用双环或三环料制比多环料制效果好 ;有必要把溜槽布料档位分为外侧、中间与中心 。