Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies.The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded com...Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies.The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded compounds,which may enrich the function of the food therapies.In this study,soluble compounds from the culture of A.blazei grown in liquid media with whole wheat bran and its water filtrate,respectively,were compared.Total soluble sugar,arabinoxylan,protein,and amino acids were significantly higher in the fungal culture resulted from the medium with whole wheat bran (43.54,1.56,0.59,and 2.19 mg mL^-1,respectively) than that from the medium with the bran filtrate (17.28,0.37,0.13,and 1.13 mg mL^-1,respectively).The biodegraded wheat bran with cultured mycelia was fed to Mus musculus Linnaeus as supplementation or as dietary fiber exclusive ingredient.As non-specific food therapies,feeding effects on mice intestinal development were indicated indirectly in growth performance,intestinal absorption and serum parameters.Compared to feeding uncultured wheat bran,feeding mice with culture mixes of A.blazei resulted in remarkably increase in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio,which were increased by 25.4 and 31.0%,respectively,when applied as supplementation,and by 44.3 and 43.4%,respectively,when applied as dietary fiber.These increases are concomitant with the higher level of D-xylose in blood serum about 16.9 and 29.2% as supplementation and dietary fiber,respectively.The results implying that culturing A.blazei with whole wheat bran enhanced extracellular metabolism of the fungus and extensive degradation of wheat bran insoluble fibrous compounds.Furthermore,feeding the culture mix including metabolites and degraded wheat bran improved intestinal villus development,proving the nutritional benefits of the A.blazei mycelial cultures.展开更多
In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group ...In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group and a blank control group were also set. The mice in all the three groups were infected with Escherichia coli on the 15 th day and the 29 th day of the experiment, the body weight of the mice in each group was recorded, as well as the spleen index on the 29 th day of infection and the 36 th day of the experiment, and the anti- E. coli titer in serum was also detected. The results showed that phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide could promote and maintain the development of spleen, and improve the immune response of organisms, thereby resisting bacterial infection. Furthermore, phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide has better immunoregulation and anti-infection effects than A. blazei polysaccharide, and could play an important role in veterinary clinical treatment and prevention and control of diseases as a immunologic adjuvant or immunopotentiator.展开更多
Hot water extract from the edible Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus Blazei Murill (ABM), is used for both traditional and alternative medicine. ABM is reported to stimulate anti-tumor, anti-infection, and immune activity. ...Hot water extract from the edible Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus Blazei Murill (ABM), is used for both traditional and alternative medicine. ABM is reported to stimulate anti-tumor, anti-infection, and immune activity. However, there are few reports of how ABM affects neutrophils. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of hot water ABM extract on neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production using neutrophils from guinea pig. Migratory direction and velocity as indicators of chemotactic activity of neutrophils were significantly (p 0.001) increased at concentration of 50 and 100 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Phagocytic activity of neutrophil was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS: H2O2 or ) by neutrophils was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. These results suggest that enhancement in neutrophil chemotactic activity, phagocytic activity and ROS production are mechanisms by which ABM extract inhibits bacterial infection in the skin and dermatitis.展开更多
A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on a...A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on amino acids and fatty acid illuminated that the nutrient value of strain J3 fruiting body was better than the original strain. The apparent nodule structure was found in the hyphea of J3 strain through the observation by scanning electron microscope. RAPD analysis showed the great difference of PCR fingerprints between J3 and its original strain. It is a promising mutant strain for further commercial development in the future.展开更多
Rotational speed, temperature, inoculation amount and pH are the four factors that affect the submerge fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill. The orthogonal experiment was on the basis of single factor experiments. A...Rotational speed, temperature, inoculation amount and pH are the four factors that affect the submerge fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill. The orthogonal experiment was on the basis of single factor experiments. And the optimal submerge fermentation condition of Agaricus blazei Murill was determined through orthogonal test. The results were as follows: temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (6%) and pH (7), in this condition the cell dry weight reached 1.32 g/100mL;temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (8%) and pH (6.5) in this condition the extracellular polysaccharide reached 6.95 mg/mL.展开更多
In a preceding work we have reported experiments showing that an hydroalcoholic exctract of Agaricus blazei is able to exert purinergic effects in the isolated perfused rat liver when it is infused into the portal vei...In a preceding work we have reported experiments showing that an hydroalcoholic exctract of Agaricus blazei is able to exert purinergic effects in the isolated perfused rat liver when it is infused into the portal vein in monovascular perfusion (entry: portal vein;exit: hepatic vein). In the present communication we are presenting and discussing experiments done with the bivascularly perfused rat liver (entry: portal vein + hepatic artery;exit: hepatic vein) in order to verify if the hemodynamic effects also occur in the arterial bed. It was found that the A. blazei extract is also active when infused into the hepatic arterial bed, with differences in both sensitivity and nature of the effects on either perfusion pressure or oxygen consumption. Constriction of the arterial bed required much higher concentrations of the extract than the portal bed. The kinetics of the response was also different, with a biphasic instead of a monophasic response. These results provide a promising starting point for future studies aiming to bring to light more mechanistic details about these and possibly other effects.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Agaricus blazei murill polysaccharides on morphology of hippocampus tissue and expression of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA in lead-poisoning rats.Forty SD rats w...The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Agaricus blazei murill polysaccharides on morphology of hippocampus tissue and expression of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA in lead-poisoning rats.Forty SD rats were divided into five groups:control group,lead group,experimental group 1,2,3.After 60d of treatments,hippocampus tissues were observed by HE staining and the expression levels of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA were determined by the flouoreescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(FQRT-PCR).The results showed that after lead induction,the number of hippocampus neuron increased,cell gap increased,the chromatin was stained lightly;after administration of ABMP,the number of the hippocampus neuron increased as the dose of ABMP rose,cell gap decreased,the chromatin was stained darkly.The expression level of ASIC1a mRNA in hippocampus of rats in ABMP group decreased extremely significantly compared with that in the model group(P〈0.01).Lead exposure and ABMP exhibited no significant effects on the expression level of ASIC2b mRNA.ABMP possesses a protective effect on nervous system of rats exposed to lead by combining with lead.展开更多
The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the rat...The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density;compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.展开更多
In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, r...In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, respectively, for 14 d continuously, and then, the chickens in various groups were infected with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella pneumotropica , so as to observe the clinical symptoms of chickens and record the change in body weight. Anatomy was performed 14 d later, and the organ indices were determined, so as to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of A. blazei polysaccharide on chickens. The results showed that after bacterial infection, the high-dose A. blazei polysaccharide group was significantly differed from other groups in changes of body weight and organ indices. It indicates that oral administration of high concentration of A. blazei polysaccharide could promote the development of poultry organs, thereby improving the immunity of organisms.展开更多
基金supported by the Provincial Finance Special Funding for the Research and Technology Innovation Grant of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fujian,China(STIF-Y05)
文摘Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies.The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded compounds,which may enrich the function of the food therapies.In this study,soluble compounds from the culture of A.blazei grown in liquid media with whole wheat bran and its water filtrate,respectively,were compared.Total soluble sugar,arabinoxylan,protein,and amino acids were significantly higher in the fungal culture resulted from the medium with whole wheat bran (43.54,1.56,0.59,and 2.19 mg mL^-1,respectively) than that from the medium with the bran filtrate (17.28,0.37,0.13,and 1.13 mg mL^-1,respectively).The biodegraded wheat bran with cultured mycelia was fed to Mus musculus Linnaeus as supplementation or as dietary fiber exclusive ingredient.As non-specific food therapies,feeding effects on mice intestinal development were indicated indirectly in growth performance,intestinal absorption and serum parameters.Compared to feeding uncultured wheat bran,feeding mice with culture mixes of A.blazei resulted in remarkably increase in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio,which were increased by 25.4 and 31.0%,respectively,when applied as supplementation,and by 44.3 and 43.4%,respectively,when applied as dietary fiber.These increases are concomitant with the higher level of D-xylose in blood serum about 16.9 and 29.2% as supplementation and dietary fiber,respectively.The results implying that culturing A.blazei with whole wheat bran enhanced extracellular metabolism of the fungus and extensive degradation of wheat bran insoluble fibrous compounds.Furthermore,feeding the culture mix including metabolites and degraded wheat bran improved intestinal villus development,proving the nutritional benefits of the A.blazei mycelial cultures.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Popularization Project(17KPHDSF00110)Education Reform,Innovation and Guidance Program for Teachers in Universities of TianJ in Agricultural University(20171003)
文摘In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group and a blank control group were also set. The mice in all the three groups were infected with Escherichia coli on the 15 th day and the 29 th day of the experiment, the body weight of the mice in each group was recorded, as well as the spleen index on the 29 th day of infection and the 36 th day of the experiment, and the anti- E. coli titer in serum was also detected. The results showed that phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide could promote and maintain the development of spleen, and improve the immune response of organisms, thereby resisting bacterial infection. Furthermore, phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide has better immunoregulation and anti-infection effects than A. blazei polysaccharide, and could play an important role in veterinary clinical treatment and prevention and control of diseases as a immunologic adjuvant or immunopotentiator.
文摘Hot water extract from the edible Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus Blazei Murill (ABM), is used for both traditional and alternative medicine. ABM is reported to stimulate anti-tumor, anti-infection, and immune activity. However, there are few reports of how ABM affects neutrophils. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of hot water ABM extract on neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production using neutrophils from guinea pig. Migratory direction and velocity as indicators of chemotactic activity of neutrophils were significantly (p 0.001) increased at concentration of 50 and 100 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Phagocytic activity of neutrophil was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS: H2O2 or ) by neutrophils was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. These results suggest that enhancement in neutrophil chemotactic activity, phagocytic activity and ROS production are mechanisms by which ABM extract inhibits bacterial infection in the skin and dermatitis.
文摘A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on amino acids and fatty acid illuminated that the nutrient value of strain J3 fruiting body was better than the original strain. The apparent nodule structure was found in the hyphea of J3 strain through the observation by scanning electron microscope. RAPD analysis showed the great difference of PCR fingerprints between J3 and its original strain. It is a promising mutant strain for further commercial development in the future.
文摘Rotational speed, temperature, inoculation amount and pH are the four factors that affect the submerge fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill. The orthogonal experiment was on the basis of single factor experiments. And the optimal submerge fermentation condition of Agaricus blazei Murill was determined through orthogonal test. The results were as follows: temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (6%) and pH (7), in this condition the cell dry weight reached 1.32 g/100mL;temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (8%) and pH (6.5) in this condition the extracellular polysaccharide reached 6.95 mg/mL.
文摘In a preceding work we have reported experiments showing that an hydroalcoholic exctract of Agaricus blazei is able to exert purinergic effects in the isolated perfused rat liver when it is infused into the portal vein in monovascular perfusion (entry: portal vein;exit: hepatic vein). In the present communication we are presenting and discussing experiments done with the bivascularly perfused rat liver (entry: portal vein + hepatic artery;exit: hepatic vein) in order to verify if the hemodynamic effects also occur in the arterial bed. It was found that the A. blazei extract is also active when infused into the hepatic arterial bed, with differences in both sensitivity and nature of the effects on either perfusion pressure or oxygen consumption. Constriction of the arterial bed required much higher concentrations of the extract than the portal bed. The kinetics of the response was also different, with a biphasic instead of a monophasic response. These results provide a promising starting point for future studies aiming to bring to light more mechanistic details about these and possibly other effects.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province[No.2010011043-1(2010)]
文摘The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Agaricus blazei murill polysaccharides on morphology of hippocampus tissue and expression of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA in lead-poisoning rats.Forty SD rats were divided into five groups:control group,lead group,experimental group 1,2,3.After 60d of treatments,hippocampus tissues were observed by HE staining and the expression levels of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA were determined by the flouoreescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(FQRT-PCR).The results showed that after lead induction,the number of hippocampus neuron increased,cell gap increased,the chromatin was stained lightly;after administration of ABMP,the number of the hippocampus neuron increased as the dose of ABMP rose,cell gap decreased,the chromatin was stained darkly.The expression level of ASIC1a mRNA in hippocampus of rats in ABMP group decreased extremely significantly compared with that in the model group(P〈0.01).Lead exposure and ABMP exhibited no significant effects on the expression level of ASIC2b mRNA.ABMP possesses a protective effect on nervous system of rats exposed to lead by combining with lead.
文摘The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density;compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Popularization Project(17KPHDSF00110)Education Reform,Innovation and Guidance Program for Teachers in Universities of TianJin Agricultural University(20171003)
文摘In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, respectively, for 14 d continuously, and then, the chickens in various groups were infected with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella pneumotropica , so as to observe the clinical symptoms of chickens and record the change in body weight. Anatomy was performed 14 d later, and the organ indices were determined, so as to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of A. blazei polysaccharide on chickens. The results showed that after bacterial infection, the high-dose A. blazei polysaccharide group was significantly differed from other groups in changes of body weight and organ indices. It indicates that oral administration of high concentration of A. blazei polysaccharide could promote the development of poultry organs, thereby improving the immunity of organisms.