巴西蘑菇Agaricus blazei Murill水溶性多糖的分离纯化

从巴西蘑菇子实体中提取的水溶性粗多糖经过脱蛋白、脱色等步骤获得半纯品多糖。依次采用DE AE 纤维素和SepharoseCL 4B柱层析进一步纯化后 ,获得 5种水溶性多糖组分。其中主要组分AB I、AB II b和AB III b得率分别为 3.3%、1.5 2 %、0 .85 %。SephadexG 10 0凝胶层析、旋光度和HPLC鉴定各组分已达到层析纯。

Agaricus Blazei Murrill菌种分离与培养研究

本文报导了 Agaricus blazei murrill子实体形态 ,母种、原种和栽培种的分离与培养 .

姬松茸(Agaricus blazei Murill)生理活性物质的研究进展

回顾了姬松茸的研究历史 ,并对姬松茸多糖、凝集素、甾醇类物质、核酸。

巴西蘑菇Agaricus blazei Murill水溶性多糖部分理化性质的研究

本文以物理及化学方法研究了巴西蘑菇AgaricusblazeiMurill水溶性多糖AB-I、AB-II-b和AB-III-b的理化性质,结果表明,3种经纯化的多糖都不含糖醛酸而含蛋白质,蛋白质含量分别为AB-I:20.1%、AB-II-b:16.3%、AB-III-b:25.6%。它们的比旋度分别为AB-I:+44.33°、AB-II-b;+3.70°、AB-III-b:+5.04°。AB-I、AB-II-b的1.0%水溶液均具有良好的增稠性,其粘度具有很好的抗盐浓度、耐热和对广泛pH的稳定性能。

姬松茸(Agaricus blazei Murrill.) gpd启动子的克隆及其序列分析

[目的]对姬松茸中分离的gpd启动子片段进行序列分析。[方法]根据报道的gpd启动子序列设计合成1对引物,以姬松茸基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR扩增法克隆得到了2条DNA特异性片段,并利用启动子信号扫描和启动子预测程序对2条序列的片段启动子区和转录结合位点进行分析。[结果]测序结果表明,2条序列分别为372 bp和614 bp,分别命名为J-gpd1和J-gpd2,GenBank登陆号分别为:EU220746和EU220747;J-gpd1有3个,J-gpd2有4个核心启动子区;2条序列不仅具有基本启动子作用元件CAATBOX和TATABOX外,还具有多个重要作用元件,如CGCGBOX、GATABOX、ASF-motif、W-BOX、TGACGT-motif和GTGA motif等。利用TFSEARCH ver.1.3分析表明,2条序列还含有多个转录因子结合位点,包括GCR1、ADR1、HSF、ABF1和RAP1等。[结论]研究推测,2条序列所启动的基因具有较高的多样性和准确性。

用稻草栽培巴氏菇(Agaricusblazei Murrill)技术初步研究

报道了用稻草栽培巴氏菇的技术。通过组织分离法培养种菌 ;用大麦粒制作栽培菌种 ;用稻草、米糠、鸡粪和其它配料做栽培料 ,堆积发酵。堆高 1.50 m,宽 2 m,长度不限 ,每 2 d翻堆 1次 ,共翻 4～ 5次 ;栽培料装入栽培床的厚度为 2 0 cm,其含水率为 6 0 %～ 6 5% ;料温 2 5℃播种 ,用量 3～ 5瓶 / m2 ;8～ 10 d后覆上消毒的稻田土 3～ 4 cm;4周后出菇 ;栽培料的 p H值 6 .5～7.0 ;出菇相对湿度为 90 %～ 95% ;采菇时洗净菇柄基部的泥土 ,纵切后以 6 0℃烘干 ;产量为 1kg/m2 。栽培料发酵与栽培时保温、保湿与适当通风的条件 。

Biodegrading Wheat Bran with Agaricus blazei and Its Effects on Intestinal Development Identified with Mice

Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies.The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded compounds,which may enrich the function of the food therapies.In this study,soluble compounds from the culture of A.blazei grown in liquid media with whole wheat bran and its water filtrate,respectively,were compared.Total soluble sugar,arabinoxylan,protein,and amino acids were significantly higher in the fungal culture resulted from the medium with whole wheat bran （43.54,1.56,0.59,and 2.19 mg mL^-1,respectively） than that from the medium with the bran filtrate （17.28,0.37,0.13,and 1.13 mg mL^-1,respectively）.The biodegraded wheat bran with cultured mycelia was fed to Mus musculus Linnaeus as supplementation or as dietary fiber exclusive ingredient.As non-specific food therapies,feeding effects on mice intestinal development were indicated indirectly in growth performance,intestinal absorption and serum parameters.Compared to feeding uncultured wheat bran,feeding mice with culture mixes of A.blazei resulted in remarkably increase in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio,which were increased by 25.4 and 31.0%,respectively,when applied as supplementation,and by 44.3 and 43.4%,respectively,when applied as dietary fiber.These increases are concomitant with the higher level of D-xylose in blood serum about 16.9 and 29.2% as supplementation and dietary fiber,respectively.The results implying that culturing A.blazei with whole wheat bran enhanced extracellular metabolism of the fungus and extensive degradation of wheat bran insoluble fibrous compounds.Furthermore,feeding the culture mix including metabolites and degraded wheat bran improved intestinal villus development,proving the nutritional benefits of the A.blazei mycelial cultures.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Mice

In order to study the anti-infection effect of phoshporylated Agaricus blazei polysaccharide on mice, mice were drenched phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide for 14 d, and an A. blazei polysaccharide control group and a blank control group were also set. The mice in all the three groups were infected with Escherichia coli on the 15 th day and the 29 th day of the experiment, the body weight of the mice in each group was recorded, as well as the spleen index on the 29 th day of infection and the 36 th day of the experiment, and the anti- E. coli titer in serum was also detected. The results showed that phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide could promote and maintain the development of spleen, and improve the immune response of organisms, thereby resisting bacterial infection. Furthermore, phoshporylated A. blazei polysaccharide has better immunoregulation and anti-infection effects than A. blazei polysaccharide, and could play an important role in veterinary clinical treatment and prevention and control of diseases as a immunologic adjuvant or immunopotentiator.

Effect of Hot Water Extract from Agaricus Blazei Murill on Chemotaxis of Neutrophils

Hot water extract from the edible Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus Blazei Murill (ABM), is used for both traditional and alternative medicine. ABM is reported to stimulate anti-tumor, anti-infection, and immune activity. However, there are few reports of how ABM affects neutrophils. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of hot water ABM extract on neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production using neutrophils from guinea pig. Migratory direction and velocity as indicators of chemotactic activity of neutrophils were significantly (p 0.001) increased at concentration of 50 and 100 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Phagocytic activity of neutrophil was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS: H2O2 or ) by neutrophils was significantly (p 0.01) increased at concentration of 5 mg/ml in ABM extract compared with control. These results suggest that enhancement in neutrophil chemotactic activity, phagocytic activity and ROS production are mechanisms by which ABM extract inhibits bacterial infection in the skin and dermatitis.

Study on Several Characteristics of Agaricus blazei MurrilStrain J_3 Irradiated by ^(60)Co

A new mutant strain J3 from Agaricus blazei Murril was obtained by 60Co irradiation. The yields of successive generations were increased more than 70% to compare with their original strain. The component analysis on amino acids and fatty acid illuminated that the nutrient value of strain J3 fruiting body was better than the original strain. The apparent nodule structure was found in the hyphea of J3 strain through the observation by scanning electron microscope. RAPD analysis showed the great difference of PCR fingerprints between J3 and its original strain. It is a promising mutant strain for further commercial development in the future.

Research of Submerge Fermentation Conditions on <i>Agaricus blazei</i>Murill

Rotational speed, temperature, inoculation amount and pH are the four factors that affect the submerge fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill. The orthogonal experiment was on the basis of single factor experiments. And the optimal submerge fermentation condition of Agaricus blazei Murill was determined through orthogonal test. The results were as follows: temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (6%) and pH (7), in this condition the cell dry weight reached 1.32 g/100mL;temperature (25℃), rotational speed (150 r/min), inoculation amount (8%) and pH (6.5) in this condition the extracellular polysaccharide reached 6.95 mg/mL.

Effects of Arterially Infused Hydroalcoholic <i>Agaricus blazei</i>Extracts on Perfusion Pressure and Oxygen Uptake in the Bivascularly Perfused Rat Liver

In a preceding work we have reported experiments showing that an hydroalcoholic exctract of Agaricus blazei is able to exert purinergic effects in the isolated perfused rat liver when it is infused into the portal vein in monovascular perfusion (entry: portal vein;exit: hepatic vein). In the present communication we are presenting and discussing experiments done with the bivascularly perfused rat liver (entry: portal vein + hepatic artery;exit: hepatic vein) in order to verify if the hemodynamic effects also occur in the arterial bed. It was found that the A. blazei extract is also active when infused into the hepatic arterial bed, with differences in both sensitivity and nature of the effects on either perfusion pressure or oxygen consumption. Constriction of the arterial bed required much higher concentrations of the extract than the portal bed. The kinetics of the response was also different, with a biphasic instead of a monophasic response. These results provide a promising starting point for future studies aiming to bring to light more mechanistic details about these and possibly other effects.

Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharides on Leadinduced Disturbance of Morphology and ASIC1a and ASIC2b Gene Expression in Hippocampus of Rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Agaricus blazei murill polysaccharides on morphology of hippocampus tissue and expression of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA in lead-poisoning rats.Forty SD rats were divided into five groups：control group,lead group,experimental group 1,2,3.After 60d of treatments,hippocampus tissues were observed by HE staining and the expression levels of ASIC1a and ASIC2b mRNA were determined by the flouoreescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（FQRT-PCR）.The results showed that after lead induction,the number of hippocampus neuron increased,cell gap increased,the chromatin was stained lightly;after administration of ABMP,the number of the hippocampus neuron increased as the dose of ABMP rose,cell gap decreased,the chromatin was stained darkly.The expression level of ASIC1a mRNA in hippocampus of rats in ABMP group decreased extremely significantly compared with that in the model group（P〈0.01）.Lead exposure and ABMP exhibited no significant effects on the expression level of ASIC2b mRNA.ABMP possesses a protective effect on nervous system of rats exposed to lead by combining with lead.

Study on the Cultivation of <i>Agaricus blazei</i>(Almond Mushroom) Grown on Compost Mixed with Selected Agro-Residues

The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density;compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.

Study on Anti-infection Effect of Polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on Chickens

In order to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murrill on chickens, the experimental groups were orally administrated A. blazei polysaccharide at low dose and high dose, respectively, for 14 d continuously, and then, the chickens in various groups were infected with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella pneumotropica , so as to observe the clinical symptoms of chickens and record the change in body weight. Anatomy was performed 14 d later, and the organ indices were determined, so as to study the anti-bacterial infection effect of A. blazei polysaccharide on chickens. The results showed that after bacterial infection, the high-dose A. blazei polysaccharide group was significantly differed from other groups in changes of body weight and organ indices. It indicates that oral administration of high concentration of A. blazei polysaccharide could promote the development of poultry organs, thereby improving the immunity of organisms.

巴氏菇Agaricus blazeimurrill栽培新法初步研究

本文报导了以苷蔗渣为原料 ,不用粪肥 ,经栽培料二次发酵生产agaricus blazei murrill技术 .

姬松茸blazeispirol类成分的结构、活性及生物合成研究进展

姬松茸是一种珍稀药食两用真菌,肉脆味美,其子实体与菌丝体均富含多糖、甾醇、萜类、多肽、脂质、多酚等活性成分,具有较强的抗肿瘤、降血脂、降血糖、免疫调节、优化肠道菌群、抗氧化等药理活性,是一种极具食用、药用开发前景的真菌资源。在已报道的姬松茸化学成分中,blazeispirols为姬松茸特有的一系列具有螺环结构且有别于经典甾体的甾醇化合物,是从姬松茸菌丝体中发现的重要活性成分,具有显著的保肝活性,可作为姬松茸菌株专属的系统发育和化学分类学标志,也被视为优秀的成药性先导化合物分子。依据骨架结构特征,可将目前已发现的17个blazeispirol类化合物分为blazeispirane和problazeispirane 2种类型。为进一步挖掘姬松茸特有blazeispirol类化合物资源,该文从姬松茸blazeispirol系列化合物的发现、分离、结构、生物活性和生物合成途径等角度进行了系统综述,同时以blazeispirol A为例总结了姬松茸发酵合成blazeispirol A的相关代谢调控策略,以期为blazeispirol系列化合物的高效合成与制备、相关药物及功能性食品的研发、姬松茸等食药真菌资源及其衍生产品的品质提升等相关研究提供参考。

杏鲍菇菌渣代料栽培对姬松茸不同潮次产量及品质的影响

为探究杏鲍菇代料栽培姬松茸的适宜比例,通过床栽试验研究了杏鲍菇替代不同比例稻草对姬松茸J2和J37菌株不同潮次子实体产量、营养品质的影响。结果表明:随着替代比例的增加,姬松茸J2和J37子实体产量呈现先升后降的变化趋势,替代比例为30%时产量最高,姬松茸J2产量可达2.038 kg·m^(-2),姬松茸J37产量可达2.267 kg·m^(-2)。两种姬松茸子实体产量主要集中于第一潮和第二潮,且杏鲍菇菌渣替代栽培处理前两潮产量占比均高于传统栽培配方。随着潮次增加,姬松茸J2和J37子实体中多糖、粗蛋白和氨基酸的质量分数总体呈降低的趋势,但杏鲍菇菌渣替代处理多糖、粗蛋白和氨基酸质量分数随潮次增加降低的幅度小于传统栽培配方。杏鲍菇菌渣替代处理姬松茸子实体中粗蛋白、氨基酸和多糖的质量分数分别比传统栽培配方提高2.42%~10.44%、4.09%~12.00%和11.07%~23.70%,其中替代比例为30%时营养品质最优。从生产成本分析,杏鲍菇菌渣替代可降低姬松茸栽培原料成本35.08%~54.00%。研究表明,适宜比例的杏鲍菇菌渣和养殖场垫料组合代料栽培姬松茸的产量和品质优且不同潮次间相对稳定,而且该方式可以有效降低栽培材料的投入成本,综合效益比较高。

食用菌姬松茸多糖的分离纯化及结构分析

采用热水煮提、乙醇沉淀和离子交换-凝胶组合柱层析的方法,从食用菌姬松茸中提取分离纯化出了两种电荷和相对分子质量分布均一的姬松茸多糖级分WABM-N-a和WABM-A-b,对两种均一级分的结构进行了研究.结果表明:WABM-N-a级分以1,6-Galp构成主链骨架结构,同时存在较多的1,6-Glcp 1,3-Fucp结构和少量的1,4-Glcp,1,3-Glcp结构连接在Gal的O-3和/或O-4位上,且侧链上的Glc在O-3位上存在少量的分支.WABM-A-b级分为1,6-Glcp连接的葡聚糖结构,Glc在O-2,O-3和/或O-4位上可能均有分支,侧链结构可能为1,3-Glcp,1,4-Glcp,T-Glcp和1,6-Galp.

响应面法优化超声辅助提取姬菇多糖及其体外抗氧化性

采用超声波辅助提取法从姬菇中提取多糖,以提取率为指标,首先通过单因素实验考察了液料比、提取温度、提取时间和超声波功率对提取率的影响,然后设计响应面试验对姬菇多糖最优提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,姬菇在料液比30 g/g、提取温度75℃的条件下,采用500 W功率超声波辅助提取80 min,姬菇多糖的提取率最高可达16.38%。将提取后的姬菇粗多糖TCA脱蛋白、双氧水脱色和透析后得到纯化的精多糖,两种多糖具有一定的清除羟基自由基和ABTS+自由基能力,但是精多糖的抗氧化活性低于粗多糖,且二者的抗氧化活性均低于维生素C。因此,姬菇多糖的纯化对其抗氧化性有显著性影响,纯度越高,抗氧化性越小。