NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON IMPACT OF AIR SYSTEM BLEEDING ON COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE

Bled air from the high pressure compressor takes up 3%—5% in the air system.However,there are not many studies on the compressor performance after bleeding.By analyzing the low-speed single-stage compressors,six bleeding structures are presented according to their influence mechanism on the compressor performance,and five kinds of bleeding rate are applied to one of the structures.A numerical simulation is performed to study the influence of bleeding rates and structures on the compressor performance.The results show that for the stators with the large flow separation in the corner,bleeding a small amount of air from the end-wall region can improve the total pressure increase and the stability margin.Moreover there is an optimum value of the bleeding rate in the stator casing.

SIMULATION OF BLEED AIR BEHAVIOR DURING AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT BASED ON FLOWMASTER

Bleed air system is one of the most important components of air management system(AMS).It acts as transfer pipes responsible for air supply at high temperature and pressure.The thermal and flow performance of the bleed air system is a key issue for the design of AMS since the characteristics of air source have a great influence on the anti-ice system,the environmental control system and other downstream system in need of high temperature pressurized air.Based on the one-dimensional lumped parameter technology,a computer analysis model of bleed air system is developed in order to analyze the thermal and flow behaviors of the nodal points in the pipeline network.The simulation are performed with a given flight assignment using the analysis model,and the results verify that the system meets the design requirements.

Aircraft Clean Air Requirements Using Bleed Air Systems

There are certification and airworthiness requirements relevant to the provision of clean breathing air in the crew and passenger compartments. There have been continuing reports and studies over the years regarding oil fumes in aircraft, including impaired crew performance. Oil fumes are viewed in varying ways ranging from rare seal bearing failures, to low level leakage in normal flight. A Masters of Science (MSc) research degree was undertaken to assess whether there is any gap between the certification requirements for the provision of clean air in crew and passenger compartments, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. A comprehensive literature search reviewed applicable certification standards, documented and theoretical understanding of oil leakage. Two types of interviews were conducted to address the research questions. Key aviation regulators were questioned about the process by which they certify and ensure compliance with the clean air requirements. Aerospace engineers and sealing professionals were interviewed about their understanding of how oil may leak past compressor oil bearing seals, and into the air supply under various flight conditions. The outcome of the research showed that there is a gap between the clean air certification requirements, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. Low level oil leakage into the aircraft cabin in normal flight operations is a function of the design of the engine lubricating system and bleed air systems, both utilising pressurised air. The use of the bleed air system to supply the regulatory required air quality standards is not being met or being enforced as required.

Thermodynamic Modeling and Simulation of Air System Control Device

This paper aims to obtain the thermodynamic characteristics of the air system control device sealing part in different compressor bleed air and ambient temperature.On the basis of considering the main factors affecting the heat exchange process and simplifying the physical model of the air system control device,the thermodynamic model of air system control device is established based on the basic theory of laminar flow heat transfer and heat conduction theory.Then the piston motion characteristics and the thermodynamic characteristics of the air system control device seal are simulated.The simulation results show that the valve actuation dynamic time of piston is about 0.13 s in the actual working conditions,and the temperature effect on the dynamic response of the piston rod is only 5 ms when the inlet air temperature at 300 ℃ and 370 ℃.The maximum temperature of the air system control device sealing part is not more than 290 ℃ under long time working condition of compressor air entraining.The highest temperature of the sealing part can reach up to 340 ℃ when the air flow temperature reaches the limit temperature of 370 ℃,and the longest duration working temperature limit is not more than 14 s.Therefore,the selection of control device sealing material should consider the work characteristic of instantaneous temperature limit.

不同操纵方式对十字伞滑翔性能的影响研究

为拓展十字伞的应用场景,提高十字伞的滑翔能力,采用数值模拟手段研究不同操纵方式对十字伞滑翔性能的影响。方法一是从伞绳收口的角度,通过对十字伞的伞绳进行不同程度的收口形成角空气喷口,达到操纵十字伞的目的;方法二是从改变伞衣几何透气性的角度,通过加装排气扰流板并使其偏转不同的角度,达到操纵十字伞的目的。数值结果表明:角空气喷口中的伞绳收口程度对十字伞俯仰角的变化影响较为显著,十字伞俯仰角最大可达2°;排气扰流板的偏转角度则对十字伞侧向力的影响较为显著,在偏转角达到30°时,侧向力达到最大,为47.3 N。2种操纵方式均能够使十字伞具备一定的滑翔能力。

新型高效空气冷却燃气轮机系统热力性能分析

为改善空气冷却重型燃气轮机热力性能,提出了一种能够高效利用抽气能量的新型空气冷却燃气轮机系统并研究了其热力性能的变化。以传统典型F级燃气轮机不同环境温度下的性能数据作为对比基础,通过数值仿真分析了新型高效空气冷却燃气轮机中冷却系统设计参数变更条件下的系统性能指标变化,计算对比了3种运行模式下的热力性能。结果表明:新型高效空气冷却燃气轮机能够有效降低压气机抽气温度,进而改善燃气轮机热力性能。在夏季工况下,进口温度分别被冷却到30、20、15℃时,燃气轮机功率分别升高了25.92、40.49、48.22 MW,燃气轮机效率分别提升了0.78、1.19、1.40个百分点。

基于过程的发动机进气道防冰引气模型及其多维度耦合分析

进气道防冰引气及其影响的评估对于发动机的研制具有重要意义,但定引气比的经典引气模型对于非设计点的性能评估存在不合理性。本文建立了基于过程的进气道防冰引气模型,通过防冰阀模型、引气函数、换热模型,实现了对防冰引气系统的低维度建模;提出了进气道、压气机、引气系统的多维度耦合分析方法。结果表明,该引气模型的引气比和排气温度将随工作点调整而动态改变,压气机等转速线与表示定引气比的多条线相交,增压比越高引气比越大。

Thermal Feature Analysis of a New Hot-Air Anti-Icing Structure

Ice accretion on surfaces of the aircraft and engine is a serious threat to the flight safety.In this paper,a novel hot air anti-icing method is proposed based on the porous foam.Taking the NACA0012 airfoil as an example,the traditional thermal protection structure is proved to exist the deficiency in balancing the heat exchange caused by route loss of the heat.By dividing the hot chamber into multiple regions to fill with various foam metal,flow resistance characteristics and heat transfer characteristics for this protection mode are analyzed in order to derive the maximized benefit in anti-icing process.The calculation results reveal that,under the same condition,the region filled with foamed copper not only improves the temperature uniformity on the anti-icing area,but also achieves a better protection effect for enhancing heat transfer between the tube and the hot gas,averagely above 20℃higher than it without porous foam filling in surface temperature.Additionally,the minimum mass flow rate of the protection hot air is reduced by 16.7%.The gratifying efficiency of the porous filler in fortifying heat transfer confirms the potential of replacing the efficient but complex heat transfer design with simple structure filled with foam metal.

引气剂对水工混凝土性能的影响分析

为探究掺入引气剂后水工混凝土的性能差异,文章对掺加引气剂与不掺引气剂的混凝土性能差异进行试验分析。结果表明,混凝土在掺入引气剂后坍落度会出现明显提升,适量掺加引气剂有利于改良混凝土工作性能,同时有助于改善混凝土泌水率;泌水会使混凝土抗渗性能明显下降,引气剂的掺入能够形成大量稳定、独立的微小气泡,强化混凝土抗渗性能;引气剂的掺入能够形成大量相互独立的微小气泡,能够通过调整混凝土孔道结构来实现对混凝土力学性能的改善。

涡街流量计在高温引气测量中的选型与使用

介绍了涡街流量计的工作原理及实际应用中的选型方法,并对影响涡街流量计测量准确性的因素进行分析。通过对比涡街流量计实际应用中的试验数据,测量结果的误差值在流量测量精度要求的范围内,从而可以看出涡街流量计在发动机引气测量中的可行性和准确性,为后续发动机引气流量等空气流量测量提供方法和依据。

外加剂改进混凝土泌水的试验研究

进行了外加剂改善混凝土泌水的试验研究。结果表明 ,在混凝土中掺入适量的减水剂 ,能起到减少泌水的作用。此外 ,适当延长减水剂的缩合时间 ,复合加入适当的改性组份、合适的缓凝保坍组份、合适的增稠组份或合适的引气量都能明显提高混凝土的保水性 。

飞机辅助动力装置引气特性计算方法

作为飞机环控系统与主发动机起动的气源,以目前广泛应用的带负载压气机结构APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)为研究对象,进行引气特性计算模型与计算方法研究。首先介绍了APU结构与引气工作特点,然后分析了建模时喘振控制阀SCV(Surge Control Valve)控制方法与APU共同工作机理,最后采用部件法建立了该类型APU引气计算数学模型。以某型APU为对象进行数值仿真并与实际试车数据比较,计算误差小于3%,表明所采用的建模方法是正确的,所建立的模型能够满足工程需求。

功率提取与附加引气对涡扇发动机影响仿真

功率提取与附加引气是涡扇发动机在使用过程中必须考虑的因素,其对发动机的推力、耗油率及稳定裕度有着重要的影响。利用开发的涡扇发动机性能程序,计算了不同的功率提取量和附加引气量对某双轴混排涡扇发动机的影响。仿真结果表明,随着功率提取量的增加,发动机的推力和耗油率上升、风扇和高压压气机稳定裕度下降;随着附加引气量的增加,发动机的推力下降、耗油率、风扇和高压压气机稳定裕度上升。

民机引气系统快速存取记录器数据健康监测方法

状态监控与健康管理技术是国产民机运营支持亟待突破的关键技术,以民机引气系统为对象,设计实现了基于快速存取记录器(Quick access recorder,QAR)数据的民机引气系统健康监测方法,提出引气系统故障检测算法。根据引气系统原理和工况从QAR解码数据中提取高压级和低压级调压对应的监测数据。引入准确度、虚警率和漏警率指标优化指数加权滑动平均(Exponentially weighted moving average,EWMA)控制图方法,根据优化指标确定控制图的关键参数EWMA的平滑系数、构成检测样本的监测数据点数量和EWMA的控制限系数。借助航空公司收集的实际数据对方法进行验证,结果表明,与当前航空公司现行方法相比,提出的方法可降低故障预警的虚警率、提高准确度,提前故障发现时间,为航空公司合理安排飞机维修计划、减少飞机停场时间提供支持。

带机匣处理的离心压气机顶部流场分析研究

在定常计算结果的基础上,对带放气型周向槽的低速离心压气机内部进行了非定常的全三维数值模拟计算。将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,并详细对比分析了带实壁机匣和放气型周向槽机匣处理的压气机转子顶部区域流场结构以及压气机内部流场,得出放气型周向槽机匣处理的扩稳机理。

某型飞机机翼防冰系统计算分析

主要针对某型飞机机翼的热气防冰系统计算分析,得到水滴直径变化对撞击极限的影响,飞行马赫数变化对机翼表面换热系数的影响,分析了不同飞行高度湿表面和干表面的温度分布.结果表明水滴撞击区随着水滴直径增加而增大;机翼表面的换热系数随飞行马赫数的增加而增加;在相同计算条件下,干表面温度比湿表面温度要高.对多个典型截面以及其在不同飞行状态的计算结果表明,在给定的计算条件下,4km及7 km时防冰系统工作都是有效的,7 km时表面部分位置湿表面温度低于0℃.

引气剂对保温砂浆影响的研究

具有较大发泡倍数和较低泌水率的引气剂的添加可有效改善保温砂浆的工作性,提高保温砂浆的黏度,降低分层度即增强了保温砂浆的内部组分稳定性,另外可有效降低保温砂浆的湿密度,提高保温砂浆的孔隙率,使保温砂浆具有更好的保温性能。

多元线性回归在引气系统故障诊断中的应用

针对利用快速存取记录器(QAR)数据进行民机系统故障诊断问题,以民机引气系统为对象,提出了一种适合多飞行循环数据特点的多元线性回归模型的故障检测方法.首先建立了多飞行循环数据的引气系统性能多元线性回归模型,设计了飞行循环和飞行循环内故障检测方法;然后采用最大后验估计方法进行模型参数估计;最后设计了适合多飞行循环数据的模型参数最大后验估计算法.借助仿真数据和航空公司收集的实际飞行数据对方法进行了验证,结果表明了该方法有效且具有一定工程应用价值.

民用航空发动机引气系统部件寿命建模

针对飞机维修工作中发动机引气系统故障率较高问题,以寿命数据分析为基础,运用威布尔分布模型定量评估航空发动机部件可靠性,建立了民用航空发动机引气系统部件可靠性寿命模型。以V2500发动机引气系统为例,收集了该系统的可靠性数据,分析了部件的非计划拆换情况。在数据计算过程中采用3参数威布尔分布模型对引气系统部件的寿命数据进行拟合。假设检验结果表明,在对部件进行寿命可靠性分析时,运用威布尔分布建立的数学模型符合客观规律,且能够取得良好的拟合效果。依据计算出的部件可靠性特征量对部件的可靠性状况进行定量评估,结果表明:在评估复杂机械电子系统的可靠性时,威布尔分布模型具有较大应用价值。

燃气轮机空气系统计算方法研究及验证

以研究燃气轮机空气系统计算方法为目的,对其边界条件确定、求解方法、关键系数的确定进行一系列的研究。通过热流耦合计算方法,对燃气轮机高温叶片进行温度场计算,由此确定了冷却空气的需求量;并根据燃气轮机的高压压气机、高低压涡轮、动力涡轮各级气动参数确定了冷却空气压力及抽取位置;应用F lowm aster软件进行了系统平衡计算,从而得到燃气轮机空气系统流各路节点的主要参数。并根据整机的高压转子轴向力测量,验证了空气系统中各腔室压力计算准确程度。