Experimental Investigation of a Fixed-geometry Two-dimensional Mixed-compression Supersonic Inlet with Sweep-forward High- light and Bleed Slot in an Inverted ＂X＂-type Layout

A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of the free stream Mach number, the total pressure recovery decreases, while the mass flow ratio increases to the maximum at the design point and then decreases; （2） when the angle of attack, a, is less than 6°, the total pressure recovery of both side inlets tends to decrease, but, on the lee side inlet, its values are higher than those on the windward side inlet, and the mass flow ratio on lee side inlet increases first and then falls, while on the windward side it keeps declining slowly with the sum of mass flow on both sides remaining almost constant; （3） with the attack angle, a, rising from 6° to 9°, both total pressure recovery and mass flow ratio on the lee side inlet fall quickly, but on the windward side inlet can be observed decreases in the total pressure recovery and increases in the mass flow ratio; （4） by comparing the velocity and back pressure characterristics of the inlet with a bleed slot to those of the inlet without, it stands to reason that the existence of a bleed slot has not only widened the steady working range of inlet, but also made an enormous improvement in its performance at high Mach numbers. Besides, this paper also presents an example to show how this type of inlet is designed.

Aerodynamic Design of the Bleed Slot in a Hypersonic Quiet Nozzle

The bleed slot is necessary for the requirement of the hypersonic quiet flow all over the world. The aim of the bleed slot is to decrease the influence of the disturbances from the contraction of the quiet nozzle to the boundary layer downstream of the throat, so that the boundary layer of the nozzle could be maintained as laminar flow. The main parameters of the bleed slot include the distance from lip to throat (DLT) and the width of slot (WS). Various values of those parameters will affect the performance of the slot by changing the suction intensity of the bleed slot. Two kinds of the bleed slots in the world are compared in this paper and the aerodynamic design of the bleed slots is optimized based on the Purdue-type slot. The influences of the various values of those parameters to the flow field around the throat are analyzed and the optimizing results of DLT and WS are consistent with those relative data designed for the slot of the Boeing/AFOSR Ma 6 Quiet Tunnel.

Control of Corner Separation by Optimized Slot Configuration in a Linear Compressor Cascade

为控制压气机叶片吸力面与端壁处所形成的三维角区分离,本文在叶根处引入了从压力面到吸力面的槽道来控制角区分离流动。基于利用优化算法对叶根处槽道几何的优化结果,本文通过数值模拟和实验来分析槽道在不同进口攻角下对角区分离的控制效果。本文通过对比原始和开槽叶栅中总压损失、静压升和三维角区分离特征表明叶根处引入的槽道对角区分离有明显的控制效果。

放气槽布局形式及开槽角度对二元高超声速进气道性能的影响

通过对典型二元高超声速进气道进行数值仿真,研究了放气槽的布局形式以及放气槽的开槽角度θ对进气道总体性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在放气总有效流通面积不变的前提下,多个放气槽的布局形式能够以更少的流量损失换取总压恢复系数的显著提升,且槽的数量越多,单个槽的有效流通面积越小,σ提升得越多,但当单个槽的有效流通面积d小于0.4 H_(th)(按喉道高度无量纲化)时,这种变化趋势趋于平缓。当开槽角θ介于30°~120°时,放气量流量比随角度的增加而降低;当120°≤θ≤150°时,放气流量比随θ的增加而增加;30°≤θ≤150°时,喉道总压恢复系数σ随θ的增加而降低,而喉道压比Π随θ的增加而单调增加。因此采用多个0.2 H_(th)~0.4 H_(th)有效流通面积的放气槽为较理想的放气布局形式,而开槽角度可根据实际需要来选取。

一种带抽吸狭缝的新型短隔离段数值研究

为了缩短超燃冲压发动机隔离段长度以及提高它的耐反压能力,采用数值模拟方法研究了一种带抽吸狭缝的新型短隔离段,获得了隔离段的缩短程度以及耐反压能力提高的程度。结果表明,通过流向狭缝抽吸隔离段角流区内的低能附面层,可不降低隔离段耐反压能力而将其长度缩短30%左右。同一隔离段采用狭缝抽吸后,能够承受的最大反压从来流静压的3.46倍上升到3.74倍,提高了8%左右。合理的狭缝位置应在厚附面层一侧的隔离段前部角流区内,前倾角对隔离段性能的影响呈非线性特征,抽吸背压在亚临界范围时对隔离段性能的影响较明显,而在超临界范围时的影响则不明显。

多级轴流压气机级间引气的数值模拟研究

以某多级轴流压气机的中间级为研究对象,研究了外机匣端壁处级间引气对压气机总体性能及局部流场的影响。根据要求的最大引气量,设计了矩形、圆形及异形三种不同的引气槽结构,并对流场进行了详细的数值计算。结果表明,本文所设计的矩形和圆形引气槽对压气机总体性能及主流流场的影响基本相同,其中,矩形槽造成的引气损失小于圆形槽;异形引气槽对压气机总性能及主流流场的改善最小。

机匣引气再循环拓宽压气机工作范围的仿真研究

高压比离心式压气机高效率工作范围窄,喘振裕度低。为了拓宽其高效工作范围,将机匣引气再循环技术应用于高压比离心式压气机。采用数值模拟方法对其进行仿真研究,对各结构尺寸对压气机性能的影响进行对比。结果表明,引气再循环系统使该离心压气机各转速下稳定工作范围平均拓宽13%以上,喘振裕度最大增加11%。抽吸槽与分流叶片的距离在引气再循环结构尺寸中对离心压气机性能影响最大,其次是抽吸槽的宽度,其余结构尺寸对其影响较小。引气再循环使压气机叶轮入口相对马赫数分布更加均匀,减弱叶片前缘局部高马赫数的现象,使叶片入口正攻角减小,抑制了叶片表面边界层的分离。

叶根开槽叶栅对角区分离的控制

吸力面/端壁角区的分离是轴流压气机流场中固有的现象。本文采取在叶根处开槽的方法,利用压力梯度从叶片压力面向叶片吸力面引入一股射流增加分离区的能量,从而减缓分离。通过数值模拟的方法分析了在不同攻角下槽的位置、大小和形状对扩压叶栅性能的影响,计算结果初步表明,在非设计工况下适当位置、大小和形状的槽可以有效地减小角区分离。

发动机开槽放气活门对高换算转速状态性能的影响

针对发动机防喘系统中放气活门开槽后,造成发动机在高换算转速状态漏气,引起发动机性能下降的问题,发展了防喘放气特性的修正方法。以航空发动总体性能计算程序为基础,对放气活门全关闭后不同漏气量下的发动机性能进行模拟,完成放气活门不同开槽方案的性能分析,并进行试验验证。结果表明:模拟结果与试验结果吻合度高,达到了工程可用精度,可用于分析安装开槽放气活门后发动机的性能变化。用该修正方法对发动机性能进行分析,所得计算结果与历年交付试车试验结果的统计分析结论一致。但贯彻给定的开槽放气措施后,将造成40.5%的发动机性能不合格,需采取其他提高发动机性能的措施予以弥补。

逆向泄流槽在三维内乘波式进气道中的应用

采用逆向开槽技术,对三维内乘波式高超声速进气道的低马赫数起动和抗反压能力进行研究,提出了逆向直泄流槽和逆向倒角泄流槽两种方案。数值研究结果表明:逆向泄流槽在三维内乘波式进气道自起动和抗反压过程中起到气动开关作用。进气道不起动或反压过高时,泄流槽处于开启状态;进气道起动后,泄流槽接近气动关闭状态,对进气道总体性能影响较小。两种逆向泄流槽都拓宽了三维内乘波式进气道的低马赫数起动范围,提高了进气道的抗反压能力。其中,逆向倒角泄流槽比逆向直泄流槽具有更宽的低马赫数起动范围和更强的抗反压能力。