A Blind Separation Approach of Low Order Cyclostationary Signals

This paper presents a new blind separation approach of the low order cyclostationary signals based on the cyclic periodicity of the cyclostationary signal.The goal of the method is extracting the hidden periodicity and reducing the randomicity of cyclostationary signal and it is particularly applicable to the separation of low order cyclostationary signals.The method also demonstrates the importance of extraction of cyclostationary signals from low order to high order in turn.The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally demonstrated by computer simulation and experiment.

BLIND IDENTIFICATION OF A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH CYCLOSTATIONARY INPUT

This letter deals with blind identification of nonlinear discrete Hammerstein system under the input signal that is cyclostationary. The first-order moment of the specific input as well as the inverse nonlinear mapping of the Hammerstein model are combined to establish a relationship between the system output and the system parameters, which implies an approach to identifying the system blindly. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to blind identification of a class of nonlinear systems.

Widely linear UKF constant modulus algorithm for blind adaptive beamforming

Based on a uniform linear array, a new widely linear unscented Kalman filter-based constant modulus algorithm (WL-UKF-CMA) for blind adaptive beamforming is proposed. The new algorithm is designed according to the constant modulus criterion and takes full advantage of the noncircular property of the signal of interest (SOI), significantly increasing the output signal-to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), enhancing the convergence speed and decreasing the steady-state misadjustment. Since it requires no known training data, the proposed algorithm saves a large amount of the available spectrum. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate its superiority over the conventional linear least mean square-based CMA (L-LMS-CMA), the conventional linear recursive least square-based CMA (L-RLS-CMA), WL-LMS-CMA, WL-RLS-CMA and L-UKF-CMA.

A Semi-blind Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Wideband Coherent CDMA

This paper presented a novel semi blind adaptive beamforming algorithm specially designed for wideband coherent CDMA mobile communication systems with multiplexd control and data channels. The presented algorithm uses a parallel structure to exploit not only the desired user’s pseudo noise sequence but also the information from multiplexed pilot and data symbols, thus help achieve faster convergence and lower bit error rate. Monte Carlo simulation results verified the performance improvement in terms of BER.

Blind radar signal separation algorithm based on third-order degree of cyclostationarity criteria

Separation and recognition of radar signals is the key function of modern radar reconnaissance,which is of great sig-nificance for electronic countermeasures and anti-countermea-sures.In order to improve the ability of separating mixed signals in complex electromagnetic environment,a blind source separa-tion algorithm based on degree of cyclostationarity(DCS)crite-rion is constructed in this paper.Firstly,the DCS criterion is con-structed by using the cyclic spectrum theory.Then the algo-rithm flow of blind source separation is designed based on DCS criterion.At the same time,Givens matrix is constructed to make the blind source separation algorithm suitable for multiple sig-nals with different cyclostationary frequencies.The feasibility of this method is further proved.The theoretical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively separate and re-cognize common multi-radar signals.

Blind adaptive constrained constant modulus algorithms based on unscented Kalman filter for beamforming

This work proposes constrained constant modulus unscented Kalman filter(CCM-UKF) algorithm and its low-complexity version called reduced-rank constrained constant modulus unscented Kalman filter(RR-CCM-UKF) algorithm for blind adaptive beamforming. In the generalized sidelobe canceller(GSC) structure, the proposed algorithms are devised according to the CCM criterion. Firstly, the cost function of the constrained optimization problem is transformed to suit the Kalman filter-style state space model. Then, the optimum weight vector of the beamformer can be estimated by using the recursive formulas of UKF. In addition, the a priori parameters of UKF(system and measurement noises) are processed adaptively in the implementation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the existing methods in terms of convergence speeds, output signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratios(SINRs), mean-square deviations(MSDs) and robustness against steering mismatch.

Semi-blind Adaptive Beamforming for High-throughput Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Systems

A semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for wireless systems that employ high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation signalling. A minimum number of training symbols, equal to the number of receiver antenna arrayts elements, are first utilised to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer＇s weight vector. A concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision-directed scheme is then applied to adapt the beamformer. This semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is capable of converging fast to the minimum mean-square-error beamforming solution, as demonstrated in our simulation study.

Recursive Least Squares Semi-blind Beamforming for MIMO Using Decision Directed Adaptation and Constant Modulus Criterion

A new semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） induced and spacedivision multiple-access based wireless systems that employ high order phase shift keying signaling. A minimum number of training symbols, very close to the number of receiver antenna elements, are used to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer＇s weight vector. A novel cost function combining the constant modulus criterion with decision-directed adaptation is adopted to adapt the beamformer weight vector. This cost function can be approximated as a quadratic form with a closed-form solution, based on which we then derive the recursive least squares （RLS） semi-blind adaptive beamforming algorithm. This semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is capable of converging fast to the minimum mean-square-error beamforming solution, as demonstrated in our simulation study. Our proposed semi-blind RLS beamforming algorithm therefore provides an efficient detection scheme for the future generation of MIMO aided mobile communication systems.

Blind Wideband Beamforming Algorithm Based on the Uncertainty Set

Without prior knowledge,the steering vector estimation error of the desired signal will deteriorate the beamforming performance to some extent.To solve this problem,a space-time blind wideband beamforming algorithm based on the uncertainty set is proposed.First of all,based on the space-time filtering model,the spherical constraint set is designed according to the uncertainty of the estimation error of the space-time steering vector.Then,the method of wideband beamforming under multiconstraints in the frequency domain is derived,and the calculation of parameters of steering vector estimation error and loading factor are given in detail.Finally,a blind broadband beamforming algorithm combined with the CAB algorithm is proposed.The improvement of the output signal-to-noise ratio is quantitatively analyzed by computer simulation to verify the correctness and robustness of the algorithm.

Method of combining space-time block coding with adaptive beamforming

A method of space-time block coding （STBC） system based on adaptive beamforming of cyclostationarity signal algorithm is proposed.The method uses cyclostationarity of signals to achieve adaptive beamforming,then constructs a pair of low correlated transmit beams based on beamform estimation of multiple component signals of uplink.Using these two selected transmit beams,signals encoded by STBC are transmitted to achieve diversity gain and beamforming gain at the same time,and increase the signal to noise ratio （SNR） of downlink.With simple computation and fast convergence performance,the proposed scheme is applicable for time division multiple access （TDMA） wireless communication operated in a complex interference environment.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than conventional STBC,and can obtain a gain of about 5 dB when the bit error ratio （BER） is 10-4.

Speed-Sensitive Weighting Algorithm for Digital Beamforming of Adaptive Antenna Arrays

One of the main objectives of adaptive antenna array processing is reducing the computational complexity and convergence time in a joint state. This article proposes a speed-sensitive adaptive algorithm for estimating the weights of smart antenna systems based on least mean squares (LMS) or constant modulus (CM) algorithms. According to the next estimated location as well as the source velocity, this novel proposed weighting algorithm selects those weights that have a higher effect on the radiation pattern and will then form the antenna pattern by only changing these weights. In this research, 3 versions of the new algorithm named as: Not-zero (Leaves half number of weights as it is the other half), Zero (Sets half number of weights to be zero and estimates other half), and Updating (Leaves half of weights unchanged and estimates other half in one phase and updates all weights in the next phase) are proposed. Through simulation of these 3 versions of speed-sensitive algorithms and comparing among conventional full weight LMS and CM algorithms, new LMS-based and CM-based algorithms have been finally proposed that offer reduced complexity and acceptable performance at different signal to noise ratios (SNRs). In this investigation, three channel scenarios are simulated which are as follows: pure noisy channel, channel with one interferer and channel with two interferers. In accordance with the simulation results, an appropriate algorithm based on weighting half number of array elements and updating all existing weights between two consecutive times to avoid error propagation effect has been proposed.

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Based UKF Algorithm for Constant Modulus Signals in Adaptive Beamforming

Blind adaptive beamforming is getting appreciated for its various applications in contemporary communication systems where sources are statistically dependent or independent that are allowed to formulate new algorithms. Qualitative performance and time complexity are the main issues. In this paper, we propose a technique for constant modulus signals applying basic non-negative matrix factorization (BNMF) in blind adaptive beamforming environment. We compared the existing Unscented Kalman Filter based Constant Modulus Algorithm (UKF-CMA) with proposed NMF-UKF-CMA algorithm. We see there is a better improvement of sensor array gain, signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and mean squared deviation (MSD) as the noise variance and the array size increase with reduced computational complexity with the UKF-CMA.

基于循环维纳滤波器的声学成像优化方法

针对混响环境中背景噪声干扰导致循环平稳源重建精度不高的问题,基于循环维纳滤波器,结合贝叶斯近场声全息技术,提出了一种声学成像优化方法。通过麦克风阵列在声源的近场测量由声源辐射信号的声压,利用循环维纳滤波器对测量值进行去噪,从而实现对循环平稳信号的盲提取,再应用贝叶斯近场声全息技术在空间上重建循环平稳源。首先,通过仿真分析,系统地评估了盲信号提取算法的有效性。然后,通过开展声源重建实验,进一步验证了该声学成像优化方法的可行性。

基于JADE-斜投影的鲁棒波束形成算法

针对矩阵重构类波束形成算法对阵列幅相误差敏感的问题,提出一种基于盲源信号分离和斜投影的矩阵重构鲁棒波束形成算法。首先,依靠盲源分离技术得到接收信号和混合矩阵,结合期望信号先验信息完成混合矩阵中信号导向矢量的搜索。然后,利用盲源分离得到的信号协方差矩阵完成阵列幅相误差估计。最后,基于幅相误差校准的混合矩阵和斜投影思想,构建各干扰的斜投影算子,将接收数据分别向干扰斜投影空间进行投影,得到对应的干扰信号,完成干扰噪声协方差矩阵重构。仿真结果表明,所提方法对阵列幅相误差具有较好的鲁棒性,验证了算法的有效性。

基于FWECS-CYCBD的轴承故障特征提取研究

针对最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(maximum second-order cyclostationary blind deconvolution,简称CYCBD)特征提取中循环频率和滤波带宽难确定的问题,引入频率加权能量相关谱(frequency weighted energy correlation spectrum,简称FWECS)来改进CYCBD,实现了低信噪比条件下的滚动轴承故障特征提取。首先,通过FWECS获取周期冲击频率,构造循环频率集;其次,利用最大加权谐波显著性指标设计了一种等步长搜索策略,自适应选取滤波器长度;最后,基于优选的循环频率和滤波带宽进行CYCBD解卷积。轴承仿真和实验数据表明:在循环频率等先验信息未知的情况下,FWECS-CYCBD对故障信号中的微弱冲击特征更敏感;与最小熵解卷积、改进最大相关峭度解卷积和自适应最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积等方法相比,所提方法在低信噪比条件下能较好地提取轴承故障特征频率信息。

基于自适应参数优化RSSD-CYCBD的行星齿轮箱复合故障诊断

针对行星齿轮箱多振源耦合导致故障源辨识困难、较弱故障特征容易被噪声和较强故障特征掩盖,以及由传播路径引起的信号衰减导致的故障特征微弱等问题,提出一种自适应参数优化的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的行星齿轮箱多故障耦合信号分离及诊断算法。根据轴承和齿轮故障的不同共振属性,用RSSD算法将多故障耦合信号分解为包含齿轮故障特征的高共振分量和主要包含轴承故障特征的低共振分量后,通过CYCBD算法分别对高、低分量进行解卷积,消除传播路径影响和噪声干扰,实现微弱故障特征的增强和提取。特别地,针对RSSD和CYCBD中参数优化困难、依赖人工经验和自适应差等问题,使用基于松鼠算法(SSA)对参数进行自适应优化选取,设计了融合包络谱峭度、自相关函数最大值均方根和特征频率比在内的复合指标作为优化目标。对解卷积后的信号进行包络解调提取故障特征频率,识别不同故障源。通过行星齿轮箱多故障模拟信号和实测信号验证了所提算法的有效性和可行性,进一步地,将所提算法集成在边缘计算设备中,为行星齿轮箱等旋转机械的状态检测诊断及远程运维提供解决方案。

针对循环频率误差的稳健CAB算法

当循环频率估计存在误差时,循环自适应波束形成算法的性能会显著下降。针对这一不足,本文提出了对循环频率误差稳健的循环自适应波束形成算法。仿真实验表明,当存在循环频率误差时,本文提出的算法性能接近没有循环频率误差时循环自适应波束形成算法的性能。

4阶量算法在盲波束形成上的应用

对波束形成算法性能进行了比较,考虑盲波束形成算法具有不需要阵列流形、到来方向、训练序列以及干扰和噪声的自相关矩阵等先验知识的特点,设计了基于4阶累积量盲波束形成器·由于直接利用入射信号的高阶量统计信息,不仅可以有效地消除高斯噪声的影响,而且可以消除加性非高斯噪声的影响·仿真实验结果证明,与最小方差无畸变响应的波束形成器(MVDR)相比,作者所提出算法适用于多径传播环境,具有收敛速度快,对信噪比的变化有更好的鲁棒性等特点·

一种新的多目标盲波束形成技术研究

该文提出了一种新的多目标盲波束形成算法。该方法在最小二乘恒模算法的基础上,通过对一种新的代价函数的最小化,来盲估计波束形成器的权矢量,从而完成对多目标的分离与定向。同时,采用一种改进的神经网络结构解决了最小二乘算法中矩阵求逆的运算,不但能有效提高运行速度,而且易于用硬件实时实现盲波束形成。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和正确性。

一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法

绝大多数通信信号都具有周期平稳信号特性。利用信号的周期平稳特性可以进行真正的盲自适应波束形成，因而受到了广泛关注。ＣＡＢ类算法就是其中的一种。它的运算量较小，但鲁棒性不够强。本文针对其不足，提出了一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法。该算法将估计的导引矢量约束在信号子空间，降低了目标信号含于自相关估计矩阵和有限次快拍相关阵引起的子空间扰动的影响，提高了算法的收敛速度和鲁棒性。同时，目前用于进行子空间分解的新算法层出不穷，运算量不断降低。因此，本文提出的盲算法具有很强的实用性和广阔的应用前景。计算机仿真验证了理论分析。