BLIND EQUALIZATION OF MIMO SYSTEMS BASED ON ORTHOGONAL CONSTANT MODULUS ALGORITHM

This paper investigates adaptive blind source separation and equalization for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. To effectively recover input signals, remove Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and suppress Inter-User Interference (IUI), the array input is first transformed into the signal subspace, then with the derived orthogonality between weight vectors of different input signals, a new orthogonal Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) is proposed. Computer simulation results illustrate the promising performance of the proposed method. Without channel identification, the proposed method can recover all the system inputs simultaneously and can be adaptive to channel changes without prior knowledge about signals.

Widely linear UKF constant modulus algorithm for blind adaptive beamforming

Based on a uniform linear array, a new widely linear unscented Kalman filter-based constant modulus algorithm (WL-UKF-CMA) for blind adaptive beamforming is proposed. The new algorithm is designed according to the constant modulus criterion and takes full advantage of the noncircular property of the signal of interest (SOI), significantly increasing the output signal-to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), enhancing the convergence speed and decreasing the steady-state misadjustment. Since it requires no known training data, the proposed algorithm saves a large amount of the available spectrum. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate its superiority over the conventional linear least mean square-based CMA (L-LMS-CMA), the conventional linear recursive least square-based CMA (L-RLS-CMA), WL-LMS-CMA, WL-RLS-CMA and L-UKF-CMA.

ADAPTIVE STEP-SIZE CONSTANT MODULUS ALGORITHM FOR BLIND MULTIUSER DETECTION IN DS-CDMA SYSTEMS

Blind Adaptive Step-size Constant Modulus Algorithm (AS-CMA) for multiuser detection in DS-CDMA systems is presented. It combines the CMA and the concept of variable step-size, uses a second LMS algorithm for the step size. It adjusts the step-size according to the minimum output-energy principle within a specified range, thus overcomes the problems of bad effect of fixed step-size LMS algorithm. Compared with Adaptive Step-size LMS (AS-LMS) algoritilrn, through simulations, this algorithm can adapt the changes of the environment, suppress multiple access interference in the dynamic environment and the stability of Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) is superior to that of AS-LMS.

Constant modulus semi-blind space-time equalizer based on structure risk minimum criterion

A new adaptive filtering principle based on capability control and semi-blind method is presented. A new semi-blind space-time equalizer based on constant modulus characteristic and structure risk minimum （SRM） criterion is also proposed. The equalizer sufficiently exploits the learning information of communication signals by using the structure information of filter itself through capability control technique. Namely, it maximizes the amount of learning information to im- prove filter tracking performance. Simulations are carried out and the result is compared with that of typical recursive least squares space-time equalizer （RLS-STE） and constant modulus semi-blind space-time equalizer （ CM-SB-STE ）. The results show that, even if with insufficient training data, the SRM constant modulus semi-blind space-time equalizer （SCM-SB-STE） keeps good tracking per- formance, showing promises in mobile wireless communications.

Blind Equalization Algorithm Based on MCMA and DSE-CMA

A new blind equalization algorithm based on the modified constant modulus algorithm （MCMA） and dithered signederror constant modulus algorithm （DSE-CMA） is proposed. This dithered signed-error MCMA （DSE-MCMA） can not only reduce the computational complexity, but also recover the phase rotation in the complex channel. Simulation results have verified the analysis and indicated the good property of DSE-MCMA.

WIDELY LINEAR RLS CONSTANT MODULUS ALGORITHM FOR COMPLEX-VALUED NONCIRCULAR SIGNALS

Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals. The new algorithm takes advantage of the WL filtering theory by taking full use of second-order statistical information of the complex-valued noncircular signals. Therefore, the weight vector contains the complete second-order information of the real and imaginary parts to decrease the residual inter-symbol interference effectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals compared with traditional blind equalization algorithms.

An Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Fractionally Spaced Blind Equalization Algorithm Based on the Optimization of Genetic Algorithm

An orthogonal wavelet transform fractionally spaced blind equalization algorithm based on the optimization of genetic algorithm(WTFSE-GA) is proposed in viewof the lowconvergence rate,large steady-state mean square error and local convergence of traditional constant modulus blind equalization algorithm(CMA).The proposed algorithm can reduce the signal autocorrelation through the orthogonal wavelet transform of input signal of fractionally spaced blind equalizer,and decrease the possibility of CMA local convergence by using the global random search characteristics of genetic algorithm to optimize the equalizer weight vector.The proposed algorithm has the faster convergence rate and smaller mean square error compared with FSE and WT-FSE.The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is proved by computer simulation of underwater acoustic channels.

Single-User Blind Channel Equalization Using Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm

A modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) for blind channel equalization is proposed by modifying the constant modulus error function. The MCMA is compared with the conventional constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for symbol-spaced equalization of 4PSK signals. The result shows that the performance of the MCMA is superior to that of the CMA in both convergence rate and intersymbol interference for frequency selective channels in noisy environments. Simulation results using 8PSK signals also demonstrate that a fractionally spaced equalizer can preserve performance over variations in symbol-timing phase, whereas a baud-rate equalizer cannot.

Blind equalization of underwater acoustic channel using a combined constant modulus algorithm

A kind of Combined Constant Modulus Algorithm (CCMA) is presented to compensate the defects of the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and the Sign Error CMA (SECMA). And CCMA is applied to the equalization of the underwater acoustic channel (UWAC). Based on the decision of the equalizer’s output, its iteration process switches between

ADAPTIVE BLIND ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR OFDM-MIMO RADIO SYSTEMS OVER MULTIPATH CHANNELS

This paper investigates the blind algorithm for channel estimation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Multiple Input Multiple Output (OFDM-MIMO) wireless communication system using the subspace decomposition of the channel received complex baseband signals and proposes a new two-stage blind algorithm. Exploited the second-order cyclostationarity inherent in OFDM with cyclic prefix and the characteristics of the phased antenna, the practical HIPERLAN/2 standard based OFDM-MIMO simulator is established with the sufficient consideration of statistical correlations between the multiple antenna channels under wireless wideband multipath fading environment, and a new two-stage blind algorithm is formulated using rank reduced subspace channel matrix approximation and adaptive Constant Modulus (CM)criterion. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking matrix channel variations with fast convergence rate and improving acceptable overall system performance over various common wireless and mobile communication links.

Joint receiving mechanism based on blind equalization with variable step size for M-QAM modulation

The problem of inter symbol interference（ ISI） in wireless communication systems caused by multipath propagation when using high order modulation like M-Q AMis solved. Since the wireless receiver doesn＇t require a training sequence,a blind equalization channel is implemented in the receiver to increase the throughput of the system. To improve the performances of both the blind equalizer and the system,a joint receiving mechanismincluding variable step size（ VSS） modified constant modulus algorithms（ MC-MA） and modified decision directed modulus algorithms（ MD DMA） is proposed to ameliorate the convergence speed and mean square error（ MSE） performance and combat the phase error when using high order QAM modulation. The VSS scheme is based on the selection of step size according to the distance between the output of the equalizer and the desired output in the constellation plane. Analysis and simulations showthat the performance of the proposed VSS-MCMA-MD DMA mechanismis better than that of algorithms with a fixed step size. In addition,the MCMA-MDDMA with VSS can performthe phase recovery by itself.

Semi-blind Adaptive Beamforming for High-throughput Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Systems

A semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for wireless systems that employ high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation signalling. A minimum number of training symbols, equal to the number of receiver antenna arrayts elements, are first utilised to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer＇s weight vector. A concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision-directed scheme is then applied to adapt the beamformer. This semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is capable of converging fast to the minimum mean-square-error beamforming solution, as demonstrated in our simulation study.

Recursive Least Squares Semi-blind Beamforming for MIMO Using Decision Directed Adaptation and Constant Modulus Criterion

A new semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） induced and spacedivision multiple-access based wireless systems that employ high order phase shift keying signaling. A minimum number of training symbols, very close to the number of receiver antenna elements, are used to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer＇s weight vector. A novel cost function combining the constant modulus criterion with decision-directed adaptation is adopted to adapt the beamformer weight vector. This cost function can be approximated as a quadratic form with a closed-form solution, based on which we then derive the recursive least squares （RLS） semi-blind adaptive beamforming algorithm. This semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is capable of converging fast to the minimum mean-square-error beamforming solution, as demonstrated in our simulation study. Our proposed semi-blind RLS beamforming algorithm therefore provides an efficient detection scheme for the future generation of MIMO aided mobile communication systems.

多径信道下基于恒模算法的遥测信号盲均衡

运载火箭在塔架静态测试时易受多径衰落影响,导致遥测信号产生码间干扰。本文对PCM-FM体制遥测信号的多径信道使用恒模算法(CMA)进行盲均衡研究,针对遥测信道中的码间干扰展开理论分析和Matlab仿真,并搭建盲均衡功能测试平台开展实验验证。结果表明:CMA收敛速度高、误码率低,对多径干扰具有较好的鲁棒性和实用性。

基于坐标变换的常数模盲均衡新算法

结合信号星座图特点,对常数模算法的代价函数进行修正,提出了基于坐标变换的常数模盲均衡新算法.该算法通过坐标变换将发射信号的模值转换成零,从而克服了常数模算法在对非常模信号进行均衡时,输出误差无法收敛至零的缺点;并且该算法可以在未知发射信号调制类型的情况下完成均衡.理论分析和仿真结果证明了新算法的优良性能.

一种新的混合信道盲均衡算法

为同时提高盲均衡的稳态MSE性能和收敛速度,该文提出了一种混合信道盲均衡算法。该算法采用判决反馈均衡器结构,在判决可靠时采用DD-LMS(Directed Decision-Least Mean Square)误差项进行迭代,而判决不可靠时采用改进恒模算法(Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm,MCMA)误差项进行迭代,同时判决可靠区间根据直接判决误差进行自适应迭代。该文采用经过数字无线信道的64QAM信号进行了信道均衡仿真。仿真结果表明,相比MCMA算法,该文提出的混合盲均衡算法有效地提高了收敛速度,并具有良好的稳态MSE性能,在误比特率为10?6时,能提高SNR约2dB。

基于CMA算法的双模式盲均衡算法

常数模算法（ＣＭＡ）的收敛速度非常缓慢。为了加快收敛过程，一旦误码率降低到足够低，该算法必须切换到ＤＤ算法。为了克服这些缺点，本文利用ＱＡＭ信号分布在几个已知半径的圆上的特点，提出了两类多模盲均衡算法。在此基础上又提出一种双模式均衡方案：多模算法模式和常数模算法模式。研究表明，两类多模算法及双模式均衡方案收敛快。

一种改进的变步长常数模算法

常数模算法是一种最为常用的盲均衡算法,普遍应用于恒包络信号和非恒包络信号的均衡,但存在收敛速度慢和剩余误差大的缺点。在深入研究常数模算法的基础上,该文提出一种改进的变步长算法,对其性能进行了理论分析,并对二值序列以及正交幅度调制信号进行了仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明:该算法具有收敛速度快、剩余误差小的特点。

基于正交小波变换的多模盲均衡器设计与算法仿真研究

针对常数模算法(CMA)收敛速度慢与剩余误差大的缺点,在基于正交小波变换CMA算法(WT-CMA)基础上,提出了一种新的基于正交小波变换的多模算法(WT-MMA)。该算法将正交小波变换和多模算法(MMA)相结合,通过归一化正交小波变换来加快收敛速度,同时采用多模算法以减小剩余误差。用水声信道对算法的性能进行了仿真,结果表明,与CMA及WT-CMA算法相比,WT-MMA算法具有快的收敛速度且小的剩余误差。同时,文中还给出了均衡器的正交小波表示以及正交变换矩阵的表示。

瑞利衰落电离层信道的自适应盲均衡

研究通过具有加性高斯白噪声的瑞利慢衰落电离层信道的恒模盲均衡技术。著名的恒模算法 (CMA)是一种重要的盲信道均衡方法。但是 ,普通恒模算法存在收敛速度慢和相位旋转等不足。采用一种修正恒模算法 (MCMA) ,该算法使修正的误差函数最小并且自适应学习率由接收序列即时调整。两种算法用 8 PSK信号进行了盲均衡比较 ,模拟结果显示修正恒模算法比普通恒模算法的收敛速度快 ,符号间干扰 (ISI)小 。