ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSETS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED TRANSMIT ANTENNAS

The problem of estimating the carrier frequency offsets in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with distributed transmit antennas is addressed. It is supposed that the transmit antennas are distributed while the receive antennas are still centralized, and the general case where both the time delays and the frequency offsets are possibly different for each transmit antenna is considered. The channel is supposed to be frequency flat, and the macroscopic fading is also taken into consideration. A carrier frequency offset estimator based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) is proposed, which can separately estimate the frequency offset for each transmit antenna and exploit the spatial diversity. The Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for synchronous MIMO (i.e., the time delays for each transmit antenna are all equal) is also derived. Simulation results are given to illustrate the per- formance of the estimator and compare it with the CRB. It is shown that the estimator can provide satisfactory frequency offset estimates and its performance is close to the CRB for the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) below 20dB.

JOINT ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET AND POWER DELAY PROFILE FOR MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS

This paper develops a Cyclic Prefix(CP)based joint Maximum-Likelihood(ML)estima-tion algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset(CFO)and Power Delay Profile(PDP)for Multi-InputMulti-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)systems.However,theexact solution of the joint ML estimation is very complex since it needs a search over amulti-dimensional domain.Thus a simplified method is proposed to estimate the CFO and the PDPiteratively via the alternating-projection method which could induce the multidimensional searchproblem to a sequence of simple one-dimensional searches.Simulations show that the proposed algo-rithm is more accurate and robust than the existing algorithms.

Blind carrier frequency offset estimation for constant modulus signaling based OFDM systems: algorithm, identifiability, and performance analysis

Cartier frequency offset （CFO） estimation is critical for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） based transmissions. In this paper, we present a low-complexity, blind CFO estimator for OFDM systems with constant modulus （CM） signaling. Both single-input single-output （SISO） and multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） systems are considered. Based on the assumption that the channel keeps constant during estimation, we prove that the CFO can be estimated uniquely and exactly through minimizing the power difference of received data on the same subcarriers between two consecutive OFDM symbols; thus, the identifiability problem is assured. Inspired by the sinusoid-like cost function, curve fitting is utilized to simplify our algorithm. Performance analysis reveals that the proposed estimator is asymptotically unbiased and the mean square error （MSE） exhibits no error floor. We show that this blind scheme can also be applied to a MIMO system. Numerical simulations show that the proposed estimator provides excellent performance compared with existing blind methods.

Joint channel and carrier frequency offset estimation for multi-user MIMO-OFDM uplink transmissions

This article proposes a new algorithm of joint channel and carrier frequency-offset OCCFO） estimation for multi-user multi-input and multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （MIMO-OFDM） systems. A least square （LS） channel estimation and a carrier frequency offset （CFO） correlation estimation are combined in this contribution. CFOs are generally estimated using training sequences in a special synchronization timeslot. In this contribution, CFO estimation is further improved by taking advantages of channel estimation based on pilot symbols in traffic timeslots. The CFOs can be first obtained from the primary channel estimation. And then, with the knowledge of the CFOs estimated, channel estimation can be enhanced greatly. Computer simulation results indicate that the proposed JCCFO scheme is of good performance. Besides, the computational complexity is low.

Efficient integer frequency offset estimation for OFDM systems

An efficient scheme of integer frequency offset estimate for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems is proposed based on a training symbol with several identicalparts. In this scheme, the received training symbol is first reshaped into several sub-symbols.It shows that the reshaping process in-troduees time diversity multiplexing.After a special fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm is applied to the sub-symbol,the integer frequency is estimated by finding the maximum magnitude of the resulting fre-quency domain signal.To improve the estimate performance,diversity combining methods are presented to makefull use of the multiple frequency domain sub-symbols.Compared to the traditional scheme, theproposed one has an improved estimate performance demonstrated by the computation simulation, while maintaining a very low complexity.

带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计

针对带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计难的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)结合全数字锁相环(digital phase locked loop,DPLL)的方法。所提方法首先对待处理信号通过不重叠分段生成数据矩阵,每段信号长度为一倍伪码周期;然后利用其自相关矩阵的右上角元素估计失步点进行同步,并且在重新计算自相关矩阵后根据较大特征值个数估计进制数;最后通过多次快速SVD算法结合DPLL最终实现伪码序列的盲估计。仿真结果显示,所提方法在低信噪比条件下可以有效估计出带残余频偏的软扩频信号的伪码序列,并且性能优于其他对比方法。

基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜频偏估计算法

在高动态通信环境中,由相对运动引起的多普勒频移会在接收机下变频所得的基带信号中引入残留频偏,致使基带信号的相位发生偏离。对频偏进行精确估计是提升高动态环境通信质量的重要途径。传统方法通常通过对快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)后所得频谱进行一维搜索来估计载波频偏值,只能估计整数倍频点。为了进一步提高频偏估计的精度,本文提出了一种基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜(Interpolation Detail Search, IDS)算法。仿真结果表明,此算法仅在16倍插值条件下就得到了逼近克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao Bounds,CRB)的频偏估计性能,信噪比精度损失仅为1.2 dB,具有良好的估计性能。

适用于OFDM-BPSK的载波频偏盲估计算法

提出了两种适合于OFDM-BPSK系统的载波频偏盲估计算法。即通过对两个OFDM符号在时域或频域做互相关运算,利用得到的相位差估计载波频偏和根据OFDM-BPSK符号的共轭对称性估计载波频偏。两种算法均不需要导频符号或训练序列,可以节约带宽资源。仿真结果表明,前一种算法对符号定时不敏感,在高信噪比频率选择性信道下性能要优于基于循环前缀的最大似然(ML)算法。后一种算法对符号定时要求高,在加性白高斯噪声(AWGN)与频率选择性信道下性能均好于基于循环前缀的ML算法,在AWGN信道下,性能趋近于Moose算法。此外,两种算法频偏估计精度都与两个OFDM符号之间间隔的选取有关,间隔选取越大,估计精度越高,但估计范围会相应减小。

DS/BPSK信号载频估计方法的研究

针对受强高斯白噪声污损的DS/BPSK信号载频估计问题,在研究平方倍频法的基础上,借鉴相关积累思想,提出了两种改进方法,有效地降低了估计时所需要信号的信噪比容限或系统设备量。计算机仿真结果验证了改进方法的有效性。

SOQPSK-TG信号的EM半盲载波频偏估计

针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version,SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition,DBD)原理提出基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)的SOQPSK半盲载波频偏(Carrier Frequency Offset,CFO)估计算法。为了确保EM算法收敛到预期性能范围,使用基于非线性四次方码元定时估计算法的非数据辅助频偏估计方法优化了EM算法初始点选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比于使用训练序列进行数据辅助估计的方法,在不增加辅助数据数量的前提下能够进一步提升CFO估计的精度,并在较高信噪比下拥有接近序列总长度所对应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound,CRB)的优秀性能。

Pseudo-noise preamble based joint frame and frequency synchronization algorithm in OFDM communication systems

Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform （FFT） window, and the carrier frequency offset （CFO） due to Doppler frequency shift or the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscil ators, can bring severe inter-symbol interference （ISI） and inter-carrier interference （ICI） for the OFDM system. Relying on the relatively good correlation charac-teristic of the pseudo-noise （PN） sequence, a joint frame offset and normalized CFO estimation algorithm based on PN preamble in time domain is developed to realize the frame and frequency synchronization in the OFDM system. By comparison, the perfor-mances of the traditional algorithm and the improved algorithm are simulated under different conditions. The results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm both in frame offset estimation and CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor channel condition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and large normalized CFO.

Carrier frequency offset and impulse noise estimation for underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

The carrier frequency offset（CFO）and impulse noise always affect the performance of underwater acoustic communication_systems.The CFO and impulse noise could be estimated by using the null subcarriers to cancel the effects of the two types of interference.The null subcarriers estimation methods include optimal separate estimation and joint estimation.The separate estimation firstly estimates the CFO value and then estimates the impulse noise value.However,the CFO and impulse noise always affect each other when either of them is estimated separately.The performance could be improved by using the joint estimation.The results of simulations and experiments have showed that these two optimization methods have good performance and the joint estimation has better performance than the separate estimation method.There is 3 dB performance gain at the BER value of 10^（-2）when using the joint estimation method.Thus these methods could improve the system robustness by using the CFO compensation and impulse noise suppression.

一种基于频率校正的BPSK信号高精度载频估计算法

为了实现BPSK信号载频的高精度估计,提出一种基于频率校正的高精度BPSK信号载频估计算法。算法通过非线性变换将BPSK信号的载频估计问题转化为对点频信号的估计,再用DFT对点频信号进行粗估计,针对DFT估计频率分辨率差的问题,采用相位差校正法对DFT估计频率进行校正,从而实现BPSK信号载频的高精度估计。最后,通过性能分析和计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性,其结果表明:该算法在低信噪比情况下能获得较好的估计精度,在高信噪比情况下,估计精度大幅提高。

Particle-Based Iterative Blind Receiver for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with Frequency Offset

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） systems are sensitive to carrier frequency offset （CFO） which introduces intercarder interference and significantly degrades system performance. This paper describes an iterative blind receiver consisting of a sequential Monte Carlo detector, a CFO estimator, and a compensator to reduce intercarrier interference. The framework is of low complexity due to the separation of tasks in a joint detection problem. In addition, the CFO estimator utilizes soft output of the sequential Monte Carlo detector, which reduces the information loss caused by hard decisions and can obtain the CFO estimate in only one OFDM symbol. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

基于载波变频稀疏采样与阵列移动的TOA-DOA联合估计

文中提出了一种利用少量传感器和少量快拍实现多目标波达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)和波达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)联合估计的方法。该方法设计了一种基于移动平台的完全稀疏阵列,保证不同时间的阵列位置合成后不存在重叠,并且通过差分变换可以得到更大的阵列孔径。同时,考虑了载波频率变换场景下一种新的稀疏采样方法,可以利用少量的快拍得到大量的虚拟数据,进而能够实现小快拍条件下TOA/DOA的精确估计。仿真结果表明,与传统的均匀线性阵列结合均匀采样的方式相比,文中所提方法能够识别更多的目标。同时,该方法的估计精度优于基于固定平台的嵌套阵列结合嵌套采样的方式。

一种新的OFDM系统载波频率偏移估计和跟踪方案

针对载波偏移使OFDM系统出现严重的子载波干扰和性能的下降,该文提出一种OFDM频偏估计和跟踪方案,载频捕获阶段频偏估计采用时域内插入等值导频的方法,载频跟踪阶段不需要导频,而是利用循环前缀来估计频率偏移并进行校正.仿真结果证实,该方案中导频辅助的频率偏移估计和载频跟踪不仅估计范围大,而且估计值准确,频偏校正后系统的性能能达到信道理想估计条件下的误比特率。

一种基于自相关矩阵的OFDM信号同步参数盲估计算法

该文提出了利用自相关矩阵实现OFDM信号符号定时参数和频偏估计算法。该算法不需要数据辅助,通过使得接收信号自相关矩阵非对角线元素的模值之和达到最小实现分数倍频偏的跟踪,通过判断对角线元素位置发生的移动可以准确地估计整数倍频偏,同时通过使得对角线上对应虚载波位置的元素的模值之和最小实现符号同步。文中给出了算法的推导过程和具体应用的步骤。仿真结果表明该算法具有较大的估计范围以及良好的估计精度。

多频带OFDM超宽带系统同步及信道估计算法

针对标准多频带正交频分复用超宽带系统,基于前导训练序列研究其同步及信道估计算法。相关检测用取中点来减小粗定时误差范围。细定时利用系统零保护间隔的特点找相邻窗口最小能量比,对频偏不敏感且抗多径干扰。对定时位置进行修正,避免了信息数据的丢失及符号间串扰。采用基带数字域跳频解跳的机制,使载波频偏的影响归结为与单频带系统一致,简化了同步算法。仿真表明,在较恶劣的信道条件下,残余定时误差仍很小,并由信道估计及均衡有效的吸收,频率同步及系统差错性能良好。

一种改进的MIMO-OFDM帧同步和载波频偏估计方法

在MIMO-OFDM系统中,每个接收天线上的信号都是多个发送天线信号的叠加,再加上多径的影响,使得帧同步比一般OFDM系统更加困难,为此提出了一种改进的用于MIMO-OFDM帧同步和载波频偏估计的正交帧头结构.通过在时域直接生成同步帧头,并在频域修正其频域特性,这种正交帧头能够区分每个发送天线到接收天线的不同到达时间,是通常的时域生成的正交帧头的改进,在保证时域正交性的同时,又具有良好的频域特性,有利于数字上变频.Matlab仿真结果表明,这种改进的帧头结构在帧同步和载波频偏估计中都有很好的性能.

一种宽范围的最大似然载波频率同步算法

针对通信接收中的载波频率同步问题,提出一种改进的载波频差估计算法。分析了在常用的基于最大似然准则的频差估计方法中,估计范围受限的原因,针对性地提出了改进方法,利用一个基于频差粗估计的频率搬移方法扩展了估计范围,同时保持了L&R算法的估计精度优势。给出了改进算法的实现步骤,通过仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。