A no-reference blocking artifact metric for B-DCT video

A new no-reference blocking artifact metric for B-DCT compression video is presented in this paper. We first present a new definition of blocking artifact and a new method for measuring perceptive blocking artifact based on HVS taking into account the luminance masking and activity masking characteristic. Then, we propose a new concept of blocking artifact cluster and the algorithm for clustering blocking artifacts. Considering eye movement and fixation, we select several clusters with most serious blocking artifacts and utilize the average of their blocking artifacts to assess the total blocking artifact of B-DCT reconstructed video. Experimental results illustrating the performance of the proposed method are presented and evaluated.

A POCS-Based Algorithm for Blocking Artifacts Reduction

An algorithm for blocking artifacts reduction in DCT domain for block-based image coding was developed. The algorithm is based on the projection onto convex set （POCS） theory. Due to the fact that the DCT characteristics of shifted blocks are different caused by the blocking artifacts, a novel smoothness constraint set and the corresponding projection operator were proposed to reduce the blocking artifacts by discarding the undesired high frequency coefficients in the shifted DCT blocks. The experimental resuhs show that the propo,sed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms in terms of objective quality, subiective quality, and convergence property.

New Blocking Artifacts Reduction Method Based on Wavelet Transform

It is well known that a block discrete cosine transform compressed image exhibits visually annoying blocking artifacts at low-bit-rate. A new post-processing deblocking algorithm in wavelet domain is proposed. The algorithm exploits blocking-artifact features shown in wavelet domain. The energy of blocking artifacts is concentrated into some lines to form annoying visual effects after wavelet transform. The aim of reducing blocking artifacts is to capture excessive energy on the block boundary effectively and reduce it below the visual scope. Adaptive operators for different subbands are computed based on the wavelet coefficients. The operators are made adaptive to different images and characteristics of blocking artifacts. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the visual quality and also increase the peak signal-noise-ratio(PSNR) in the output image.

MAP based blocking artifact reduction for DCT domain distributed video coding

This paper proposes a maximum a posteriori （MAP） based blocking artifact reduction algorithm for discrete cosine transform （DCT） domain distributed video coding, in which the SI and the initial reconstructed Wyner-Ziv （WZ） frame are utilized to further estimate the original WZ frame. Though the MAP estimate improves quality of the artifact region, it also leads to over-smoothness and decreases quality of the non-artifact region. To overcome this problem, a criterion is presented to discriminate the artifact and the non-artifact region in the initial reconstructed WZ frame, and only the artifact region is updated with the MAP estimate. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides obvious improvement in terms of both objective and subjective evaluations.

工业CT伪像的产生原因和影响规律分析

伪像是工业CT检测图像上必不可少的存在,有些伪像在CT物理学和数学中是固有、不可消除的,有些伪像可通过改变工艺参数来减弱或消除。通过伪像参考试件,介绍了几种工业CT检测图像中常见伪像的产生原因,并将参数进行调整以减弱伪像的影响。试验结果表明,工业CT伪像的产生原因与滤波片、放大倍数、采样张数、旋转中心校准、软件校正及被检样品夹具等因素有关。

An adaptive fuzzy filter for coding artifacts removal in video and image

This paper proposes a new adaptive post-filtering algorithm to remove coding artifacts in block-based video coder. The proposed method concentrates on blocking and ringing artifacts removal. For de-blocking, the blocking strength is identified to determine the filtering range, and the maximum quantization parameter of the image is used to adapt the 1D fuzzy filter. For de-ringing, besides the edge detection, a complementary ringing detection method is proposed to locate the neglected ringing blocks, and the gradient threshold is adopted to adjust the parameter of 2D fuzzy filter. Experiments are performed on the MPEG-4 sequences. Compared with other methods, the proposed one achieves better detail preservation and artifacts removal performance with lower computational cost.

Fuzzy Based Adaptive Deblocking Filters at Low-Bitrate HEVC Videos for Communication Networks

In-loop filtering significantly helps detect and remove blocking artifacts across block boundaries in low bitrate coded High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC)frames and improves its subjective visual quality in multimedia services over communication networks.However,on faster processing of the complex videos at a low bitrate,some visible artifacts considerably degrade the picture quality.In this paper,we proposed a four-step fuzzy based adaptive deblocking filter selection technique.The proposed method removes the quantization noise,blocking artifacts and corner outliers efficiently for HEVC coded videos even at low bit-rate.We have considered Y(luma),U(chromablue),and V(chroma-red)components parallelly.Finally,we have developed a fuzzy system to detect blocking artifacts and use adaptive filters as per requirement in all four quadrants,namely up 45◦,down 45◦,up 135◦,and down 135◦across horizontal and vertical block boundaries.In this context,experimentation is done on a wide variety of videos.An objective and subjective analysis is carried out with MATLAB software and Human Visual System(HVS).The proposed method substantially outperforms existing postprocessing deblocking techniques in terms of YPSNR and BD_rate.In the proposed method,we achieved 0.32–0.97 dB values of YPSNR.Our method achieved a BD_rate of+1.69%for the luma component,−0.18%(U)and−1.99%(V)for chroma components,respectively,with respect to the stateof-the-art methods.The proposed method proves to have low computational complexity and has better parallel processing,hence suitable for a real-time system in the near future.

Novel Efficient De-blocking Method for Highly Compressed Images

Due to coarse quantization, block-based discrete cosine transform(BDCT) compression methods usually suffer from visible blocking artifacts at the block boundaries. A novel efficient de-blocking method in DCT domain is proposed. A specific criterion for edge detection is given, one-dimensional DCT is applied on each row of the adjacent blocks and the shifted block in smooth region, and the transform coefficients of the shifted block are modified by weighting the average of three coefficients of the block. Mean square difference of slope criterion is used to judge the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the new method not only obtains satisfactory image quality, but also maintains high frequency information.

基于块效应谱分析的JPEG图像旋转角度估计

图像旋转可以使图像伪造在几何角度上更加逼真,现有JPEG图像旋转角度估计算法的性能易受到块效应干扰和图像块尺寸大小影响,且对于旋转角度区间为[1°,15°]的估计仍然较为困难。文中提出了一种基于块效应谱分析的JPEG图像旋转角度估计算法:首先,使用变异蚁群算法提取图像的边缘并将其移除以突显块效应,并通过交叉差分进一步减轻图像纹理的影响;然后,通过设定合理的阈值和使用高斯高通滤波器移除傅里叶变换域的无关峰值,以减少干扰;最后,将傅里叶频谱的幅值分量投影到极坐标中,并将极坐标中峰值对应的极角作为旋转角度的估计值。实验结果表明,针对旋转角度位于[1°,15°]区间内的小尺寸JPEG图像检测,文中所提方法比现有方法具有更低的平均绝对误差。此外,当压缩质量因子逐渐下降时,文中所提算法的性能仍然优于现有方法,对JPEG压缩具有更好的鲁棒性。

德勒兹影像哲学与穿越电影的时间美学——以穿越电影《你好,李焕英》为例

在德勒兹的电影哲学中,时间影像是对运动影像的超越,是用纯视听情境取代衰落的日常感知运动情境的理论诉求。作为纯视听情境的时间影像,碎片化的时间向不可区分点过渡和换移,造成了影像与感知的空荡脱节以及真实与想象的叠加,以此彰显影像的非常识性和含混性。将电影《你好,李焕英》置于德勒兹的时间影像哲学谱系中,不难发现这部以时间影像为核心的穿越电影,充分展示了德勒兹的时间影像美学。在关涉穿越的时间影像逻辑中,错位的时间器物塑造了非常识性的含混影像空间,晶体时间建构起虚实叠加的晶体影像,而绵延时间中的切块影像,在本质上是影像文本的划分,并通过不同的文本区隔,使电影情节呈现出虚实难辨的漂浮样态。

基于局部块效应的JPEG伪造图像的盲取证

JPEG图像的块效应是判断图像是否被篡改的一个重要线索。本文基于对JPEG图像整体块效应的分析,定义了新的针对图像局部区域的块效应评价,并由此提出了一种有效的JPEG伪造图像盲取证方法。首先要获取待测图像在水平方向和垂直方向的差分图像,然后将两个不同方向的差分图像分别进行特定大小的分块处理,再计算每个分块区域的局部块效应评价,最后根据待测图像在不同区域局部块效应评价的明显差异分别从水平方向和垂直方向检测出图像被篡改区域的具体位置。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效的检测出经过JPEG双压缩的伪造图像,本文又进一步使用不同大小的滑块和不同的评价公式对伪造图像进行检测,并从抗干扰性和算法效率上比较不同算法的利弊,为寻找更优的JPEG伪造图像盲取证方法奠定了基础。

DCT图像压缩方法的改进及其应用

利用基于二维离散余弦变换(DCT)的方法进行图像压缩,通过设置自适应量化截断阈值来控制图像压缩数组的大小。为了加快运算速度,在图像压缩部分利用快速DCT算法;并直接对量化后的非零系数进行存储,而不采用熵编码的方式。在解码端,针对量化产生的块效应,利用基于自适应邻域的思想进行后处理。所提方法进一步提高了图像的峰值信噪比和主观视觉质量,并且达到了实时在线处理的要求。文中所提基于DCT的图像压缩方法在一个基于视觉位置反馈的二自由度机械臂远程控制系统中得到实际应用。

图象质量客观测试的研究

研究了多种图象质量客观测试的方法， 其中关于块损伤提出了两种测量方法： （１） 采用水平平方波作测试图象， 计算重建图象的信噪比； （２） 计算图象中边缘信息的统计分布Ｑ， 比较原始与重建图象的Ｑ值即可得到关于图象块效应大小的描述．提出了测量运动补偿效果及帧速的方法， 并且发现传统的模拟客观测试方法对某些压缩编码失真仍然有效， 而且具有简单成熟的优点，

基于分块压缩感知的图像全局重构模型

已有的基于分块压缩感知(Block Compressed Sensing,Block CS)的图像重构模型采用相同的测量矩阵以块×块的方式获取数据,解决了传统CS方法中测量矩阵所需存储量较大的问题,但由于采用分块重构,没有考虑到图像的全局稀疏度,出现了大量的块效应。本文分析了图像分块重构产生块效应的三个主要原因:块稀疏度不均匀、频谱泄漏和块尺寸受限,提出了一种基于Block CS的图像全局重构模型。该模型在编码端采用高斯随机矩阵逐块作非相关测量;在解码端,引入排序算子,重新构造测量矩阵,该测量矩阵既适合于进行全局重构,又适合于分块测量的CS观测值,并仍与图像的稀疏矩阵高度不相关,所以其可充分利用图像的全局稀疏度进行CS重构。仿真实验表明,所提出的全局重构模型有效地消除了块效应现象,并且对块尺寸的变化有较强的鲁棒性。

一种基于DCT域的自适应块效应消除算法

在基于块编码的图像压缩技术中,低比特率下重建图像的块边界会出现块效应.本文提出了一种有效的基于DCT域的块效应消除算法.首先通过DCT系数块的分解和合并,直接从两个相邻的系数块获取相应的转移块.然后对图像块的活动性进行分类,对于低活动性邻接块所构成的转移块,采用改进的线性函数替代阶梯函数的方法消除块效应,同时更新邻接块.最后采用后滤波和量化约束技术对更新块和高活动性块进行后处理.实验结果表明,本算法不仅有效去除块效应,而且能够保护图像的纹理和边缘.

针对一类JPEG图像伪造的被动盲取证

图像合成是一种最常见的图像伪造手段。该文针对一类JPEG图像合成伪造,根据篡改区域与非篡改区域块效应的不一致性,提出了一种简单有效的检测算法。首先利用估计的一次压缩质量因子对待检测图像进行裁剪再压缩,然后通过计算压缩前后的失真提取图像的块效应指数映射图,最后采用图像分割的方法实现篡改区域的自动检测与定位。实验结果表明,算法对于各种质量的JPEG图像和较小的篡改区域均能有效检测,当二次压缩与一次压缩的质量因子之差在15以上,虚警率控制在5%以内时,检测率可达93%以上。

基于JPEG块效应差异的图像篡改区域自动定位

不同JPEG栅格位置或不同压缩质量的图像区域被合成为篡改图像时会出现JPEG块效应的差异,据此提出了一种能自动定位篡改区域的图像盲被动取证方法。算法先通过一种基于小波的图像去噪方法提取噪声,利用噪声衡量局部JPEG块效应以提高块效应信号的信噪比;然后通过迭代方法寻找到合适的阈值,在块效应直方图中分离出篡改区域。针对不同类型的篡改区域的实验说明了算法的有效性。

利用JPEG块效应不一致性的合成图像盲检测

合成图像的篡改对象和背景区域一般来源于不同的JPEG图像。为了快速有效地检测这种图像篡改,提出了一种盲检测JPEG合成图像的方法。首先将图像与Laplacian模板卷积得到二阶差分图像,沿水平(垂直)方向平均后进行离散Fourier变换得到归一化的频谱,基于频谱幅值构造JPEG块效应测度;然后将待检测图像重叠分块并计算其相应块效应测度,利用块效应不一致性检测篡改区域。实验结果表明,该方法是快速有效的。

一种减少块效应的自适应后处理算法

针对在基于块变换的图像编码技术尤其在甚低速率视频编码技术中 ,块斑严重影响图像的主观质量问题 ,提出了一种复杂度低且效果比较明显的消除块效应的自适应后处理技术。模拟结果表明 ,该方法能够同时提高图像的客观峰值信噪比和主观视觉效果 ,具有较高的实用意义。

一种基于边缘检测的去块效应算法

为了减少低比特率时块离散余弦变换(BDCT)在块边界所出现的明显可见的方块效应,提出了一种新的DCT域的去块效应消除算法。给出了检测边缘块的标准,对平滑块每一行进行一维DCT变换,并对影响块效应的系数进行修正,对于纹理块使用后滤波去平滑块边界。仿真结果表明所提出的算法在尽量消除块效应的同时能充分地保护图像的边缘信息。