Research on Architecture of Risk Assessment System Based on Block Chain

The risk assessment system has been applied to the information security,energy,medical and other industries.Through the risk assessment system,it is possible to quantify the possibility of the impact or loss caused by an event before or after an event,thereby avoiding the risk or reducing the loss.However,the existing risk assessment system architecture is mostly a centralized architecture,which could lead to problems such as data leakage,tampering,and central cheating.Combined with the technology of block chain,which has the characteristics of decentralization,security and credibility,collective maintenance,and untamperability.This paper proposes a new block chainbased risk assessment system architecture and a consensus mechanism algorithm based on DPOS improvement.This architecture uses an improved consensus mechanism to achieve a safe and efficient risk assessment solving the problem of data tampering in the risk assessment process,avoiding data leakage caused by improper data storage.A convenient,safe and fast risk assessment is achieved in conjunction with the improved consensus mechanism.In addition,by comparing existing risk assessment architecture,the advantages and impacts of the new block chain-based risk assessment system architecture are analyzed.

Research on Application of Supply Chain Finance Based on Block Chain

Supply chain finance has played a positive role in solving the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.However,in the actual implementation process,there are still problems such as information asymmetry,doubts about the authenticity of trade background,and high operational risks,which seriously restrict the development of supply chain finance.However,block chain technology has the characteristics of de-centralization,data transparency,common maintenance and non-tampering.Applying this technology to supply chain finance can effectively solve the existing problems.Based on the research on the development status of traditional supply chain finance,this paper puts forward a new development mode of supply chain finance based on block chain technology,and through the analysis of typical cases,finally gives some policy suggestions for the development of block chain supply chain finance.

The Construction of Drug Traceability System Based on Block Chain Technology

Objective To analyze the current problems in drug traceability and supply chain management,and build the drug traceability system based on the block chain technology so as to provide authenticity assurance for the real data in the whole life cycle of drugs.Methods A new drug regulatory traceability protocol was designed based on block chain technology.The database of drug production,circulation and use was linked closely.A traceability system was set up according to the traceability protocol,and the consensus complexity and safety performance of the system were analyzed.Results and Conclusion The distributed account book and tamper-proof functions of the block chain platform were used to establish a double-chain system based on the combination of public chain and private chain,which could make the data of drugs more reliable,transparent and traceable with good application value.The establishment of a double-chain traceability system is studied so that drug market license holders,manufacturers,operating enterprises and users can verify the data to form an interconnected drug traceability data chain.

Path of the Information Asymmetry of Asset Backed Securitization—Information Game Analysis of Embedded Block Chain Technology

In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.

Integration of Fog Computing for Health Record Management Using Blockchain Technology

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a breakthrough technologyin the transfer of medical data via a communication system. Wearable sensordevices collect patient data and transfer them through mobile internet, thatis, the IoMT. Recently, the shift in paradigm from manual data storage toelectronic health recording on fog, edge, and cloud computing has been noted.These advanced computing technologies have facilitated medical services withminimum cost and available conditions. However, the IoMT raises a highconcern on network security and patient data privacy in the health caresystem. The main issue is the transmission of health data with high security inthe fog computing model. In today’s market, the best solution is blockchaintechnology. This technology provides high-end security and authenticationin storing and transferring data. In this research, a blockchain-based fogcomputing model is proposed for the IoMT. The proposed technique embedsa block chain with the yet another consensus (YAC) protocol building securityinfrastructure into fog computing for storing and transferring IoMT data inthe network. YAC is a consensus protocol that authenticates the input datain the block chain. In this scenario, the patients and their family membersare allowed to access the data. The empirical outcome of the proposedtechnique indicates high reliability and security against dangerous threats.The major advantages of using the blockchain model are high transparency,good traceability, and high processing speed. The technique also exhibitshigh reliability and efficiency in accessing data with secure transmission. Theproposed technique achieves 95% reliability in transferring a large number offiles up to 10,000.

Blockchain Challenges in Maritime Industry: An Empirical Investigation of the Willingness and the Main Drivers of Adoption from the Hellenic Shipping Industry

In the shipping industry, significant part of the documents exchange still have the traditional paper form, mainly due to security concerns, despite the size and modernization efforts of this market. We explore the adoption of the blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies to address document exchange in a fast and secure way.

An Association Ring Signature for Block Chain E-Money Transactions

Block chain is widely used in the financial field for its characteristics of decentralization, anonymity and trust. Electronic money payment is an important application hotspot. Ring signature is widely used in strong anonymous authentication such as electronic cash and electronic voting because of its unconditional anonymity, spontaneity and flexible group structure. Among them, the correlation ring signature can prove whether two signatures are issued by the same person without revealing the identity of the real signer. Therefore, the signature right breach can be avoided based on the premise of guaranteeing anonymity, such as repeated voting, electronic money repetition cost and so on. Most of the existing correlation ring signature security is based on the discrete logarithm problem, and most of the schemes result in the degradation of anonymity because of strong association. These methods do not apply to the block chain electronic currency transaction scene with strong anonymity. Therefore, this paper first proposes a blockchain-based electronic currency transaction security model. The model ensures not only the anonymity of both parties but also a certain degree of traceability. In order to support these two characteristics, this paper proposes an association ring signature method based on large integer decomposition problem. This method has strong anonymity and can be applied to blockchain scenes. On the other hand, it can be converted into group signatures in specific scenarios. It is therefore traceable. Finally, the adaptive selection message of the scheme and the unforgeability under the selection of public key attack are proved under the random oracle model.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHAIN DYNAMICS OF DI-AND TRI-BLOCK COPOLYMERS IN SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION IN A NON-SELECTIVE SOLVENT

The chain dynamics of a pair of diblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene) (PS210-b-PB960) and triblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (PS200-b-PB1815-b-PS200) copolymers in both dilute and semidilute toluene solutions has been comparatively studied by dynamic laser light scattering. As expected, the mutual diffusion of individual chain changes into a fast cooperative diffusion of the chain segments ('blobs') between two neighboring entanglement points for both the copolymers as the solution changes from dilute to semidilute. Further increases of the concentration lead to a second slow relaxation mode. For the triblock chains, there exists an additional middle relaxation between the fast and the slow modes. The concentration (c) dependent study of the average characteristic decay time of the fast mode ((tau(f))) reveals that 1/(tau(f)) - c(-a) with 0.33 < alpha < 0.44, much smaller than 0.75 predicted or 0.72 observed for linear homopolymer chains in good solvent. It implies that the solvent quality of toluene for PB might not be as good as that for PS. Due to such a difference in solubility, it is reasonable to speculate that the PB and PS blocks are transiently segregated in semidilute solution. The relaxation of these transient PB and PS richer domains leads to the observed slow relaxation. Such a speculation is supported by the appearance of an additional slow relaxation mode in the study of polyisoprene-b-polystyrene-b-polyisoprene in semidilute solution in cyclohexane, a non-selective solvent, in which we alternated the solubility difference by a variation of the solution temperature.

基于blockchain技术的数据交易方式设计

伴随着大数据时代的来临,数据交易的兴起是大势所趋。但当前交易模式的诸多不足影响了数据交易产业的发展,如:交易平台对数据的托管、交易双方隐私性难以保证、数据所有权证明困难、小型数据拥有者没有交易渠道以及数据质量的参差不去。基于区块链技术,设计新型数据交易平台,消除数据交易产业发展的阻碍。

Privacy-Preserving and Lightweight V2I and V2V Authentication Protocol Using Blockchain Technology

The confidentiality of pseudonymous authentication and secure data transmission is essential for the protection of information and mitigating risks posed by compromised vehicles.The Internet of Vehicles has meaningful applications,enabling connected and autonomous vehicles to interact with infrastructure,sensors,computing nodes,humans,and fellow vehicles.Vehicular hoc networks play an essential role in enhancing driving efficiency and safety by reducing traffic congestion while adhering to cryptographic security standards.This paper introduces a privacy-preserving Vehicle-to-Infrastructure authentication,utilizing encryption and the Moore curve.The proposed approach enables a vehicle to deduce the planned itinerary of Roadside Units(RSUs)before embarking on a journey.Crucially,the Certification Authority remains unaware of the specific route design,ensuring privacy.The method involves transforming all Roadside Units(RSUs)in a region into a vector,allowing for instant authentication of a vehicle’s route using RSU information.Real-world performance evaluations affirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Educhain:基于区块链技术的终身教育记录跟踪方案

为适应学习型社会对学习者终身教育记录跟踪的深层次、多元化需求,文章基于区块链技术,设计了一种去中心化的终身教育记录跟踪方案--Educhain区块链平台方案。文章指出,Educhain方案将开源公有区块链平台"以太坊"作为底层平台,采用基于同态加密的多方安全计算、智能合约、共识算法与激励机制。Educhain方案充分结合区块链的安全性和去中心化等特征,与教育实体机构形成了虚拟与现实融合的孪生教育空间,不仅有助于跟踪学习者在各个受教育阶段的学习记录,促进学习数据在不同教育机构之间的分发、共享、分析与应用,而且有助于实现数据驱动的教育智能,为学习者提供更精准的个性化学习支持与服务。

Virus Database Chain:联盟式传染病数据区块链系统

传染病数据属于国家保密数据,数据共享、防篡改、防泄漏一直是其最大的难题。在基于大数据的我国突发急性传染病预测预警模型的构建与应用的课题中迫切需要一个传染病数据共享平台。运用区块链技术设计一个基于实用拜占庭容错算法(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, PBFT)[1]的联盟式传染病数据区块链系统,对大数据资源进行整合、共享,使用智能合约实现传染病预警机制。这既避免了信息孤岛的产生,又避免了无序共享产生的数据安全隐患,为课题提供重要的信息技术支撑与保障。通过系统评估及实验验证,该系统具有较好的性能和较强的实用性。

元宇宙:概念、技术及应用研究综述

网络技术、人机交互和人工智能等技术的飞速发展催生了元宇宙,并进一步促进人们物质生活各个方面的数字化转型.2021年是元宇宙元年,元宇宙作为一个新兴的概念受到产业界、学术界、媒体界及公众的广泛关注.本文尝试从技术维度和应用角度深度剖析元宇宙.首先,从定义、起源与发展、特征和关键技术(网络及运算技术、物联网技术、人机交互技术、电子游戏技术、区块链技术、数字孪生技术和其他技术)等多方面对元宇宙的概念及内涵进行论述;然后,讨论了当下布局元宇宙的企业和应用实例;最后,剖析了目前元宇宙发展存在的问题和机遇,并对未来研究与应用进行了展望.通过对元宇宙当前的发展状况、研究趋势进行归纳分析以及科学地评估元宇宙的落地应用,为元宇宙研究人员提供有益的参考和借鉴.

数字贸易背景下区块链电子提单的应用研究

随着数字贸易的不断推进,传统海运提单在实务中的缺陷更加突出。电子提单不仅能够有效解决近洋运输及远洋运输中特殊情境下因“货等单”引致的无单放货问题,更能迎合数字贸易发展的时代需求。电子提单已问世多年,但因受到数字技术、运营环境及法律法规等因素的影响至今尚未得到广泛应用。文章从电子提单发展历程切入,分析了区块链电子提单系统的逻辑框架及电子提单的生成与流转机理,剖析了区块链电子提单应用中亟待解决的几个问题,进而提出电子提单普及应用的策略建议。

基于迭代协作学习框架的信誉医学参与方选择

联邦学习和群智学习等协作学习技术,能够在保护数据隐私的条件下充分利用分布在各地的分布式数据深度挖掘数据中所蕴含的知识,拥有非常广阔的应用前景,尤其是在强调隐私惯例和道德约束的医疗健康领域.任何协作工作都需要选择可靠的参与方,协作学习中全局模型的性能在很大程度上取决于参与方的选择.然而,现有研究在选择参与方时都没有对不同机构医疗数据中存在的异质性加以直接关注.导致包含稳定性在内的全局模型的性能难以得到保障.提出了从信誉的角度尝试探索求解该问题.以迭代协作学习的方式尽可能挑选出具有良好信誉的参与方进行协作学习,以获得稳定可靠的高性能全局模型.首先,提出了一个描述医疗机构数据质量的AI信誉值指标AMP(AI medical promise),以帮助其在医疗领域中形成良好的AI生态.其次,建立了一个基于后向选择的迭代协作学习(colback-learning)框架.在单次协作学习任务中,利用后向选择方法以多项式时间复杂度迭代计算出性能良好且稳定的全局模型,完成AMP计算和积累.在AMP信誉值计算中,制定了一个综合考虑全局性能指标的评分函数,以针对医疗领域更有效地指导全局模型的训练.最后,使用真实医疗数据模拟多样化的协作学习场景.实验表明,colback-learning能够选择可靠参与方训练得到性能良好的全局模型,模型的性能稳定性比现有最好的参与方选择方法提高了1.3~6倍.全局模型的可解释性与集中式学习保持了较高的一致性.

基于区块链的医联体护理协同管理系统的设计与实现

目的:设计一种基于区块链的医联体护理协同管理系统,为实现医联体护理协同管理提供技术支持。方法:该系统基于联盟链的5层技术架构进行设计,通过Linux系统搭建Fabric开发环境及网络配置,采用智能合约和Java语言软件开发工具包实现用户界面操作,使用Bootstrap和Jquery等技术搭建前端Web界面、Spring Boot搭建系统后端,并通过加密算法、哈希运算、智能合约、共识机制等技术实现联盟链成员管理、业务管理、数据存储与共享、患者病历管理及平台监管5个功能模块。结果:该系统完善了优质护理资源下沉与连续性护理机制,重构了积分激励机制,促进了护理共生网络协同进化,并使多节点交互,形成了协同合力。结论:该系统顺应全新模式下医联体整合型护理服务的发展趋势,对提升护理核心竞争力等方面起到重要推动作用,同时为构建适用于医联体场景的区块链方案提供了借鉴。

基于SVM的DPoS共识机制改进

共识机制是区块链技术的重要组成部分,针对委托权益证明(delegated proof of stake,DPoS)共识机制中对恶意节点不能及时有效处理的问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机的DPoS共识机制改进方案(SVM-DPoS)。首先构建基于SVM的节点判别模型,通过训练好的模型分析节点的行为动机,根据判别结果及时剔除恶意节点;其次基于固定协商出块顺序优化传统算法的出块流程,提升出块效率,进一步提高了整个区块链网络的运行效率。在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与已有的几种方法相比,改进后的共识机制能够快速剔除恶意节点,不仅维护了系统稳定性,而且增强了对恶意行为的防范能力,从而在保障区块链网络正常运行的同时,提高了整体共识的安全性。

基于区块链的建筑工程项目供应链管理优化研究

针对建筑工程项目供应链管理中存在的物流问题,如信息不对称、协同不足及物资品质控制困难等,提出了一种基于区块链技术的管理优化平台。通过利用区块链的去中心化、不可篡改和高度透明特性,构建了一个信息共享与智能合约自动执行的供应链管理模型。该模型能够有效提升供应链各参与方之间的信息共享效率,优化物流调度及物资管理流程,从而改善资料传递和库存控制的及时性。结果表明,该区块链平台在促进建筑工程项目供应链的高效运作、增强透明度和确保物资品质方面具有明显的优势,为改善我国建筑行业的供应链管理提供了理论和实践参考。

基于区块链模式的政务主数据治理机制模型研究

阐述了政务主数据在政府不同部门和系统之间业务协同、共享需求中的重要性,分析了大数据网络中各节点政务主数据一致性和安全性的保障问题,提出了基于区块链模式的政务主数据治理机制。通过运用信息规划研究方法,分析了3种经典的数据治理模式,进而提出一种新的治理机制,旨在解决数据运用过程中政务主数据一致性得不到保障和隐私安全受到威胁的问题。该机制利用区块链技术的价值,将区块链的思维方式嵌入政务主数据治理结构中,以赋能政务主数据一致性治理的全过程,从而提高数据质量和业务办理的专业性,实现政务主数据价值的最大化。

新经济背景下区块链技术在管理会计中的应用

区块链技术有助于提高管理会计的透明度和可追溯性,能够推动管理会计降本增效,增强管理会计的合规性,并为企业风险管理提供新的工具。为了充分发挥区块链技术在管理会计中的作用,文章从管理会计的职能出发,围绕价值链管理、成本管理、全面预算管理、内部控制、业绩评价及管理会计报告6个方面进行探究,进而从人才、技术、制度3个方面提出了若干做好区块链技术应用保障工作的具体建议。