Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various industries.The conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient protection.In the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly technique.The outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)film.The FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier capability.The Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition effect.The corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling behavior.The synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.

A nanobody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against pseudorabies virus glycoprotein E

Pseudorabies(PR)is an acute infectious disease of pigs caused by the PR virus(PRV)and results in great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide.PRV glycoprotein E(gE)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)has been used to distinguish gE-deleted vaccine-immunized pigs from wild-type virus-infected pigs to eradicate PR in some countries.Nanobody has the advantages of small size and easy genetic engineering and has been a promising diagnostic reagent.However,there were few reports about developing nanobody-based ELISA for detecting anti-PRV-gE antibodies.In the present study,the recombinant PRV-gE was expressed with a bacterial system and used to immunize the Bactrian camel.Then,two nanobodies against PRV-gE were screened from the immunized camel by phage display technique.Subsequently,two nanobody-HRP fusion proteins were expressed with HEK293T cells.The PRV-gE-Nb36-HRP fusion protein was selected as the probe for developing the blocking ELISA(bELISA)to detect anti-PRV-gE antibodies.Through optimizing the conditions of bELISA,the amount of coated antigen was 200 ng per well,and dilutions of the fusion protein and tested pig sera were separately 1:320 and 1:5.The cut-off value of bELISA was 24.20%,and the sensitivity and specificity were 96.43 and 92.63%,respectively.By detecting 233 clinical pig sera with the developed bELISA and a commercial kit,the results showed that the coincidence rate of two assays was 93.99%.Additionallly,epitope mapping showed that PRV-gE-Nb36 recognized a conserved conformational epitope in different reference PRV strains.Simple,great stability and low-cost nanobody-based bELISA for detecting anti-PRV-gE antibodies were developed.The bELISA could be used for monitoring and eradicating PR.

CRB:A new rumor blocking algorithm in online social networks based on competitive spreading model and influence maximization

The virtuality and openness of online social platforms make networks a hotbed for the rapid propagation of various rumors.In order to block the outbreak of rumor,one of the most effective containment measures is spreading positive information to counterbalance the diffusion of rumor.The spreading mechanism of rumors and effective suppression strategies are significant and challenging research issues.Firstly,in order to simulate the dissemination of multiple types of information,we propose a competitive linear threshold model with state transition(CLTST)to describe the spreading process of rumor and anti-rumor in the same network.Subsequently,we put forward a community-based rumor blocking(CRB)algorithm based on influence maximization theory in social networks.Its crucial step is to identify a set of influential seeds that propagate anti-rumor information to other nodes,which includes community detection,selection of candidate anti-rumor seeds and generation of anti-rumor seed set.Under the CLTST model,the CRB algorithm has been compared with six state-of-the-art algorithms on nine online social networks to verify the performance.Experimental results show that the proposed model can better reflect the process of rumor propagation,and review the propagation mechanism of rumor and anti-rumor in online social networks.Moreover,the proposed CRB algorithm has better performance in weakening the rumor dissemination ability,which can select anti-rumor seeds in networks more accurately and achieve better performance in influence spread,sensitivity analysis,seeds distribution and running time.

Clinical Nursing Intervention of Moxibustion on Abdominal Distension Symptoms in Heart Failure (Heart and Kidney Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis Blocking Collaterals Syndrome)

Objective:To investigate the clinical nursing intervention effect of moxibustion on abdominal distension symptoms in heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome).Methods:62 patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)admitted to our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group(n=31)and the control group(n=31)by using the random numerical table method.The control group adopted conventional nursing interventions,and the observation group received the nursing program of the control group with the addition of moxibustion nursing interventions.The nursing effectiveness,quality of life scores,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The nursing effectiveness of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of moxibustion nursing intervention in patients with heart failure(heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome)can effectively relieve the symptoms of abdominal distension,improve patients'quality of life,and increase nursing satisfaction,which has promotion and application values.

A Perspective on the Evolution of Atmospheric Blocking Theories:From Eddy-Mean flow Interaction to Nonlinear Multiscale Interaction

In this paper,we first review the research advancements in blocking dynamics and highlight the merits and drawbacks of the previous theories of atmospheric blocking.Then,the dynamical mechanisms of atmospheric blocking are presented based on a nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model.Previous studies suggested that the eddy deformation(e.g.,eddy straining,wave breaking,and eddy merging)might lead to the formation and maintenance of atmospheric blocking.However,the results were speculative and problematic because the previous studies,based on the time-mean eddy-mean flow interaction model,cannot identify the causal relationship between the evolution of atmospheric blocking and the eddy deformation.Based on the NMI model,we indicate that the onset,growth,maintenance,and decay of atmospheric blocking is mainly produced by the spatiotemporal evolution of pre-existing upstream synoptic-scale eddies,whereas the eddy deformation is a concomitant phenomenon of the blocking formation.The lifetime of blocking is mainly determined by the meridional background potential vorticity gradient(PVy)because a small PVyfavors weak energy dispersion and strong nonlinearity to sustain the blocking.But the zonal movement of atmospheric blocking is associated with the background westerly wind,PVy,and the blocking amplitude.Using this NMI model,a bridge from the climate change to sub-seasonal atmospheric blocking and weather extremes might be established via examining the effect of climate change on PVy.Thus,it is expected that using the NMI model to explore the dynamics of atmospheric blocking and its change is a new direction in the future.

Primary animal experiment to test the feasibility of a novel Y-Z magnetic hepatic portal blocking band

BACKGROUND Hepatic portal blood flow occlusion is a common technique for reducing hepatic hemorrhage during hepatectomy.We designed a novel Y-Z magnetic hepatic portal blocking band(Y-Z MHPBB)based on the principle of magnetic compression technique.AIM To introduce the Y-Z MHPBB device and verify the feasibility of this device for hepatic portal blood flow occlusion in dogs.METHODS Ten beagles were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,the number of portal blood flow occlusions,the total time spent on adjusting the blocking band,and the average time spent on adjusting the blocking band were recorded.The surgeons evaluated the feasibility and flexibility of the two portal occlusion devices.RESULTS Laparoscopic hepatectomy was successfully performed in both the experimental group and control group.There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and the number of hepatic portal blood flow occlusions.With respect to the total time spent on adjusting the blocking band and the average time spent on adjusting the blocking band,the experimental group showed significantly better outcomes than the control group,with a statistical difference(P<0.05).The operators found that the Y-Z MHPBB was superior to the modified T-tube in terms of operational flexibility.CONCLUSION The Y-Z MHPBB seems to be an ingenious design,accurate blood flow occlusion effect,and good flexibility;and it can be used for hepatic portal blood flow occlusion during laparoscopic hepatectomy.

改进YOLOv7的航拍图像目标检测

针对无人机航拍图像中尺度变化、小目标且密集遮挡情况导致检测精度降低的问题,提出一种改进YOLOv7的航拍图像目标检测算法。设计一种联合动态卷积的加权采样模块,从多个维度捕捉特征,提高模型特征提取能力;增加浅层特征检测头,保留更多的细节信息,增强对小目标特征的利用能力;在特征融合部分构建一种具有残差结构的多尺度特征聚合模块(C2-Res2Block),使模型融合丰富的多尺度信息。使用MPDIoU度量替换传统IOU计算边界回归损失,提高模型对密集遮挡目标的定位能力。通过在无人机航拍数据集VisDrone2019上进行实验表明,改进后的算法较原模型mAP@0.5提高了4.3个百分点,mAP@0.5:0.95提高了2.4个百分点,参数量减少了6.81×106,与目前主流的目标检测算法相比也取得更高的检测精度,有效提高了对无人机航拍图像的检测精度,并明显改善对航拍目标的误检和漏检情况。

基于YOLOv5s−FSW模型的选煤厂煤矸检测研究

针对现有煤矸检测模型存在的特征提取不充分、参数量大、检测精度低且实时性差等问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv5s−FSW模型的选煤厂煤矸检测方法。该模型在YOLOv5s的基础上进行改进,首先将主干网络的C3模块替换为FasterNet Block结构,通过降低模型的参数量和计算量提高检测速度;然后,在颈部网络引入无参型SimAM注意力机制,增强模型对复杂环境下重要目标的关注,进一步提高模型的特征提取能力;最后,在输出端用Wise−IoU替换CIoU边界框损失函数,使模型聚焦普通质量锚框,提高收敛速度和边框的检测精度。消融实验结果表明:与YOLOv5s模型相比,YOLOv5s−FSW模型的平均精度均值(mAP)提高了1.9%,模型权重减少了0.6 MiB,参数量减少了4.7%,检测速度提高了19.3%。对比实验结果表明:YOLOv5s−FSW模型的mAP达95.8%,较YOLOv5s−CBC,YOLOv5s−ASA,YOLOv5s−SDE模型分别提高了1.1%,1.5%和1.2%,较YOLOv5m,YOLOv6s模型分别提高了0.3%,0.6%;检测速度达36.4帧/s,较YOLOv5s−CBC,YOLOv5s−ASA模型分别提高了28.2%和20.5%,较YOLOv5m,YOLOv6s,YOLOv7模型分别提高了16.3%,15.2%,45.0%。热力图可视化实验结果表明:YOLOv5s−FSW模型对煤矸目标特征区域更加敏感且关注度更高。检测实验结果表明:在环境昏暗、图像模糊、目标相互遮挡的复杂场景下,YOLOv5s−FSW模型对煤矸目标检测的置信度得分高于YOLOv5s模型,且有效避免了误检和漏检现象的发生。

基于Group-Res2Block的智能合成语音说话人确认方法

针对现有说话人确认任务基于自然语音条件下并不适用于智能合成语音的问题,提出一种基于Group-Res2Block的智能合成语音说话人确认方法。首先,设计了Group-Res2Block结构,在Res2Block的基础上将当前分组与相邻前后分组进行合并形成新的分组,以增强说话人局部特征的上下文联系;其次,设计了并行结构的多尺度通道注意力特征融合机制,利用不同大小卷积核实现同一层级的特征在通道维度的特征选择,以获取更具表现力的说话人特征,避免信息冗余;最后,设计了串行结构的多尺度层注意力特征融合机制,构建层结构,将深浅层特征整体进行融合并赋予不同权重,以获取最优的特征表达。为验证所提出特征提取网络的有效性,构建了中英文两种智能合成语音数据集进行消融实验和对比实验。结果表明本文方法在该任务的评价指标精确度(accuracy,ACC)、等错误率(equal error rate,EER)和最小检测代价函数(minimum detection cost function,minDCF)上是最优的。此外,通过对模型泛化性能进行测试,验证了本文方法对未知智能语音算法的适用性。

Inter-layer interference for multi-layered tight gas reservoir in the absence and presence of movable water

Due to the dissimilarity among different producing layers,the influences of inter-layer interference on the production performance of a multi-layer gas reservoir are possible.However,systematic studies of inter-layer interference for tight gas reservoirs are really limited,especially for those reservoirs in the presence of water.In this work,five types of possible inter-layer interferences,including both absence and presence of water,are identified for commingled production of tight gas reservoirs.Subsequently,a series of reservoir-scale and pore-scale numerical simulations are conducted to quantify the degree of influence of each type of interference.Consistent field evidence from the Yan'an tight gas reservoir(Ordos Basin,China)is found to support the simulation results.Additionally,suggestions are proposed to mitigate the potential inter-layer interferences.The results indicate that,in the absence of water,commingled production is favorable in two situations:when there is a difference in physical properties and when there is a difference in the pressure system of each layer.For reservoirs with a multi-pressure system,the backflow phenomenon,which significantly influences the production performance,only occurs under extreme conditions(such as very low production rates or well shut-in periods).When water is introduced into the multi-layer system,inter-layer interference becomes nearly inevitable.Perforating both the gas-rich layer and water-rich layer for commingled production is not desirable,as it can trigger water invasion from the water-rich layer into the gas-rich layer.The gas-rich layer might also be interfered with by water from the neighboring unperforated water-rich layer,where the water might break the barrier(eg weak joint surface,cement in fractures)between the two layers and migrate into the gas-rich layer.Additionally,the gas-rich layer could possibly be interfered with by water that accumulates at the bottom of the wellbore due to gravitational differentiation during shut-in operations.

Study on Screening of Optimal Blocking Buffer and Sample Diluent for ELISA

[Objective] This study aimed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） through analyzing the effects of different blocking buffers and sample diluents and their different concentrations on the result of ELISA. [Method] Different types of blocking buffer [casein, gelatin, BSA, goat serum （GS）, horse serum （HS） and rabbit serum （RS）]and sample diluent （PBST, casein, gelatin, BSA, GS, HS and RS） as well as their different concentrations were tested in ELISA to screen the optimal combination of blocking buffer and sample diluent. [Result] The results showed that 2% BSA had better effect on blocking than 1% and 3% BSA, and both 2% and 1% casein had better blocking effect than 3% casein; 8% and 10% RS showed better blocking effects than 6%RS and 7%RS; compared to BSA and casein, RS had the best effect on blocking, and 8% RS performed best as the blocking buffer and sample diluent. [Conclusion] A good combination of blocking buffer and diluent can effectively reduce the non-specific reaction and improve the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA. This study provides an important reference for the development of a perfect ELISA method.

目标检测算法YOLOv5s用于柑桔成熟果实检测的改进

巡检机器人精准检测成熟柑桔果实,对于保证柑桔果园产量巡检作业效率和质量至关重要。考虑到成熟柑桔果实特有的颜色空间、果实遮挡导致的小目标以及巡检机器人有限的硬件资源,提出一种简单有效的基于YOLOv5s的柑桔成熟果实检测方法———改进YOLOv5s。改进YOLOv5s,主要设计一个由3层Context Aggregation Block(CABlock)组成的金字塔结构特征提取层并将其插入到YOLOv5s网络的Head部分。改进YOLOv5s模型具有如下优点:(1)集成的底层CABlock通过特征通道注意力机制和空间注意力机制,能更好更快地学习小目标局部成熟果实颜色和纹理特征、重叠果实边缘特征;(2)多层CABlock构建的特征金字塔能够有效地避免小目标随网络深度增加而消失,从而降低小目标果实漏检率。柑桔成熟果实识别验证试验结果表明,改进YOLOv5s的检测准确率和平均精度分别为98.21%和98.07%,较原始YOLOv5s分别提升了0.31和0.17百分点,较FasterR-CNN分别提升了8.41和8.31百分点,识别遮挡果实、重叠果实以及小目标果实的平均精度分别为99.4%、97.2%和98.0%;单张成熟柑桔果实图像的平均检测时间32.5ms,模型占用内存15.8 MB。该改进YOLOv5s模型可实现果园自然环境下柑桔成熟果实快速准确地检测识别与产量预估,可为柑桔果园巡检机器人产量巡检提供技术支持。

Investigation of the block toppling evolution of a layered model slope by centrifuge test and discrete element modeling

Primary toppling usually occurs in layered rock slopes with large anti-dip angles.In this paper,the block toppling evolution was explored using a large-scale centrifuge system.Each block column in the layered model slope was made of cement mortar.Some artificial cracks perpendicular to the block column were prefabricated.Strain gages,displacement gages,and high-speed camera measurements were employed to monitor the deformation and failure processes of the model slope.The centrifuge test results show that the block toppling evolution can be divided into seven stages,i.e.layer compression,formation of major tensile crack,reverse bending of the block column,closure of major tensile crack,strong bending of the block column,formation of failure zone,and complete failure.Block toppling is characterized by sudden large deformation and occurs in stages.The wedge-shaped cracks in the model incline towards the slope.Experimental observations show that block toppling is mainly caused by bending failure rather than by shear failure.The tensile strength also plays a key factor in the evolution of block toppling.The simulation results from discrete element method(DEM)is in line with the testing results.Tensile stress exists at the backside of rock column during toppling deformation.Stress concentration results in the fragmented rock column and its degree is the most significant at the slope toe.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN BLOCKING OF THE YANGTZ RIVER OF THE TGP

Some novel techniques of computational fluid dynamics are used to establish a mathematical model for the open diversion channel with two embankments in river blocking.The technique of boundary fitted coordinate system is used to overcome the difficulties resulting from the complicated shapes of natural river boundaries;the method of alternating direction implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the partial differential equations in the transformed plane;and the technique of moving boundary is used to deal with the river bed exposed to water surface.This model has been used to predict the flow characteristics in the blocking of the Yangtz river in the Three Gorge Project (TGP).Comparison between the computed and experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement.

Blocking流水车间调度问题的MBT算法研究

针对目标函数为Makespan的Blocking流水车间调度问题,设计了一种构造启发式算法.初始排序的产生从减少下游工件的滞留时间入手,结合有向图中对关键路径的分析,采用插入规则进行搜索的方法得到工件序列的近优排序.通过大量典型算例的计算,实验结果证明了设计的算法具有优越的性能.

改进YOLOv5的高精度跌倒检测算法

针对原始YOLOv5在人体跌倒检测任务中无法有效应对复杂细节捕捉、变形处理、不同尺度目标适应和遮挡检测的困境,提出了一种基于C2D改进YOLOv5模型的新型高精度跌倒检测算法C2D-YOLO。给出了一种名为C2D的新型特征提取模块,通过融合可变形卷积、标准卷积和通道空间混合注意机制,将其添加到主干网络中,旨在增强特征表征能力,更好地捕捉复杂细节和处理变形。在颈部网络中,采用了Swin Transformer block替代C3模块的瓶颈层,旨在最大限度地保留特征信息,以提升对不同尺度目标的检测精度并改善遮挡情况下的性能。在借鉴YOLOX解耦结构的基础上对YOLOv5的Head模块进行改进,旨在优化分类和回归性能。实验结果表明,相比现有的YOLOv5s,该方法的mAP0.5和mAP0.5:0.95分别提高了3.2个百分点和6.5个百分点,明显提升了检测精度,减少了误检率。

Weber Law Based Approach for Multi-Class Image Forgery Detection

Today’s forensic science introduces a new research area for digital image analysis formultimedia security.So,Image authentication issues have been raised due to the wide use of image manipulation software to obtain an illegitimate benefit or createmisleading publicity by using tempered images.Exiting forgery detectionmethods can classify only one of the most widely used Copy-Move and splicing forgeries.However,an image can contain one or more types of forgeries.This study has proposed a hybridmethod for classifying Copy-Move and splicing images using texture information of images in the spatial domain.Firstly,images are divided into equal blocks to get scale-invariant features.Weber law has been used for getting texture features,and finally,XGBOOST is used to classify both Copy-Move and splicing forgery.The proposed method classified three types of forgeries,i.e.,splicing,Copy-Move,and healthy.Benchmarked(CASIA 2.0,MICCF200)and RCMFD datasets are used for training and testing.On average,the proposed method achieved 97.3% accuracy on benchmarked datasets and 98.3% on RCMFD datasets by applying 10-fold cross-validation,which is far better than existing methods.

基于M估计强混合重尾序列结构变点的鲁棒检验

针对强混合重尾序列结构变点的检测问题,为避免因序列重尾性导致最小二乘估计产生偏差,文章提出了基于M估计的比值型检验统计量,用于检测重尾序列位置结构变点。在一般约束条件下证明了原假设下统计量的极限分布是布朗运动的泛函,并得到备择假设下的一致性。针对因序列相依性导致的经验水平扭曲现象,采用Block Bootstrap抽样方法获得了更为准确的临界值,有效提高了检验功效。数值模拟结果显示,在Block Bootstrap抽样方法下基于M估计的比值型检验在强混合重尾序列结构变点检测中能较好地控制经验水平,经验势也较合理。最后,通过一组汇率数据验证了所提检验方法的可行性。

Novel approach of ultrasound-guided lateral recess block for a patient with lateral recess stenosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Ultrasound guide technology,which can provide real-time visualization of the needle tip and tissues and avoid many adverse events,is widely used in mini-mally invasive therapy.However,the studies on ultrasound-guided Lateral recess block(LRB)are limited,this is probably because there is no recognized standard method for ultrasound scanning.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided LRB in patients with lateral recess stenosis(LRS).CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old patient complained of low back pain accompanied occasionally by pain and numbness in the left lower limb.Physical examination showed ten-derness on the spinous process and paraspinal muscles from L1 to S1,extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior weakness(muscle strength:4-),and a positive straight leg raising test in the left lower limb(60°).Magnetic resonance imaging showed L4–L5 disc degeneration with left LRS and nerve root entrapment.Subsequently,the patient was diagnosed with LRS.This patient was treated with a novel ultrasound-guided LRB approach.The patient’s symptoms significantly improved without any complications at 1 wk postoperatively and at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This is the first report on the LRS treatment with ultrasound-guided LRB from the contralateral spinous process along the inner side of the articular process by out-plane technique.Further studies are expected to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided LRB for patients with LRS.

The Influence of the Closure of the East Paleo-Tethys Ocean on Southern South China:Evidences from Kinematics and^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Geochronology of the Rongxian Ductile Shear Zone in Southeastern Guangxi

The Triassic was a crucial period in the tectonic evolution of the South China Block.Research on tectonic deformation during this period provides information on intracontinental orogenic mechanisms in South China.In this study,alongside thermochronological analyses,we examine the macroscopic and microscopic structural features of the Rongxian ductile shear zone,located south of the Darongshan granite in the southeastern part of Guangxi Province,on the southern margin of South China.Sinistral shear is indicated by the characteristics of rotatedσ-type feldspar porphyroclasts,stretching lineations defined by elongated quartz grains and the orientations of quartz c-axes.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from two samples of granitic mylonite and one of granite yielded ages of ca.256 Ma.Furthermore,two samples of granitic mylonite yield muscovite^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar plateau ages of 249-246 Ma.These results indicate that the Rongxian ductile shear zone resulted from Early Triassic deformation of the late Permian Darongshan granite.This deformation was likely related to the closure of the eastern Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the subsequent collision of the South China and Indochina blocks,during the early stage of the Indosinian orogeny.