Analysis of Genetic Variation of Seed Proteins in the Genus Vigna and among Its Relatives Cultivated in China

The genetic variation of seed proteins was assayed by SDSPAGE for 24 cultivars belonging to 5 species in Vigna and 7 species in its 7 relative genera cultivated in China. There were 48 polymorphic subunit bands discriminated from electrophoretic profiles. Two dendrograms were constructed by UPGMA cluster analyses using PHYLIP3.6 respectively. Variation among genera or species was larger than that among lower taxonomic categories level. Little variation among cuhivars of yardlong bean （Vigna sesquipedalis ） and small variation of lablab （ Lablab purpureus）, pea （Pisum sativum）, or sword bean （Canavalia gladiata）, but large variation of soybean or rice bean in their origin of China were all revealed. The seed proteins profiles of traditionally regarded as typical species in Vigna such as yardlong bean, rice bean and small bean were more similar than mungbean （Vigna radiata） and black gram （Vigna mungo） were. Mungbean and black gram had distinct seed proteins pattern, they should be of two species.

Variation of Protein Content in Tartary Buckwheat Seeds

[Objective]The aim was to select tartary buckwheat materials with high protein content.[Method]Used 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat as experimental material,and the protein content of seeds had been determined.[Result]The protein content of 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat will change in the range of 23.65-193.28 mg/g with an average of 111.85 mg/g.There was difference among different origins of tartary buckwheat.The seeds from Hezhang in Guizhou and Sichuan had highest protein content,while the seeds from Nayong had lowest protein content.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the further study on the genetic and variation law of protein content in different tartary buckwheat resources.

Dissecting the molecular basis of spike traits by integrating gene regulatory networks and genetic variation in wheat

Spike architecture influences both grain weight and grain number per spike,which are the two major components of grain yield in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,the complex wheat genome and the influence of various environmental factors pose challenges in mapping the causal genes that affect spike traits.Here,we systematically identified genes involved in spike trait formation by integrating information on genomic variation and gene regulatory networks controlling young spike development in wheat.We identified 170 loci that are responsible for variations in spike length,spikelet number per spike,and grain number per spike through genome-wide association study and meta-QTL analyses.We constructed gene regulatory networks for young inflorescences at the double ridge stage and thefloret primordium stage,in which the spikelet meristem and thefloret meristem are predominant,respec-tively,by integrating transcriptome,histone modification,chromatin accessibility,eQTL,and protein–pro-tein interactome data.From these networks,we identified 169 hub genes located in 76 of the 170 QTL regions whose polymorphisms are significantly associated with variation in spike traits.The functions of TaZF-B1,VRT-B2,and TaSPL15-A/D in establishment of wheat spike architecture were verified.This study provides valuable molecular resources for understanding spike traits and demonstrates that combining genetic analysis and developmental regulatory networks is a robust approach for dissection of complex traits.

Variation of Serum Protein Level in Xiang Piglets at Different Month of Age

Usual clinieal methods were used to determine the concentrations of scrum protein, albumin and globulin in Xiang piglets from the 1st month to the 6th month of age. Thirteen piglcts(cight males and five females) born in Spring were selected from the Livestock Experimental Station of NEAU. The results showed that the scrum protein level was different at different month of age. The lowest level was found at the 1st month of age, and the highest at the 4th month of age. The difference in scrum protein concentration was significant between different months of age. There was, however, no significant difference between sexes at the same month of age.

Genetic variation of mannose-binding protein associated with glomerular immune deposition in IgA nephropathy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between codon 54 gene polymorphism of the host defense molecule, mannose-binding protein (MBP), and the patterns of glomerular immune deposition in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: IgAN patients with different patterns of glomerular immune deposition were selected and divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 77 patients with glomerular IgA and C3 deposits, and Group AGM consisted of 70 patients with glomerular IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and Clq deposits. Clinical features and laboratory relevant data of all patients were collected. One-hundred and forty healthy adults were recruited as normal controls. The MBP gene codon 54 GGC/GAC polymorphism was investigated by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of GGC/GAC heterozygotes was significantly higher in Group AGM as compared with that of Group A (41.4% vs 19.5%, P

Investigation of Aegilops umbellulata for stripe rust resistance,heading date,and the contents of iron,zinc,and gluten protein

Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.

2017年~2023年河南省猪圆环病毒2型的流行调查及遗传变异分析

为了解河南省猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的流行及变异情况,本研究采集该地区规模化猪场2017年1月~2023年6月939份表现为繁殖障碍和呼吸道症状的病猪血液或组织样品,采用PCR方法进行PCV2检测。结果显示,PCV2总阳性率为31.42%(295/939);2017年~2022年PCV2阳性率逐年降低,分别为58.65%(61/104)、49.48%(48/97)、28.57%(36/126)、16.15%(31/192)、11.52%(19/165)和7.87%(7/89),而2023年迅速上升,达到56.02%(93/166)。利用PCR扩增29份PCV2阳性样品的全基因组序列并测序,采用Meg Align分析PCV2流行株全基因组序列与Gen Bank中4株PCV2参考株全基因组序列的同源性;采用MEGA 11软件利用NJ法构建PCV2流行株ORF2基因与Gen Bank中24株PCV2参考株ORF2基因的系统发育树;采用Meg Align分析PCV2流行株Cap蛋白氨基酸序列的变异特征;采用RDP4和Sim Plot分析PCV2流行株全基因组的重组特征。全基因组同源性分析结果显示,本研究鉴定的PCV2全基因组序列之间的同源性为95.1%~100%,与PCV2参考株的同源性为93.7%~98.6%,其中与疫苗株PCV2a LG(HM038034)、PCV2b DBN-SX07-2(HM641752)和PCV2d SH(AY686763)的同源性分别为94.8%~96.2%、95.3%~98.6%和96.6%~97.8%,与来自丹麦的代表株PCV2c DK1980PMWSfree株(EU148503)的同源性为93.7%~95.1%。此外,两株2023年的PCV2流行株HN230522和HN231217与参考株的同源性仅为94.5%~97.9%。进化树结果显示,有19株PCV2流行株与PCV2d基因型参考株聚为一个分支,10株与PCV2b基因型参考株聚为一个分支。其中今年出现的PCV2流行株HN230522和HN231217株虽然属于PCV2d基因型,但处于一个相对独立的分支。Cap蛋白氨基酸序列分析结果显示,与疫苗株PCV2a LG(HM038034)、PCV2b DBN-SX07-2(HM641752)和PCV2d SH株(AY686763)相比,部分PCV2流行株在构象表位区(aa47~aa85和aa165~aa200)存在R^(48)H、A^(59)K/R、G^(85)D、P^(151)T、N^(178)S、R^(180)K和G^(197)S的突变,在基因型特异性结构域(aa190~aa191/aa206/aa210)存在K^(206)I的突变,且HN230522株在核定位信号区(NLS)(aa1~aa41)存在特有的V^(30)L突变,HN231217株在基因型特异性结构域(aa89~aa91)存在特有的^(89)RTV^(91)残基。重组分析结果显示,有高达65.52%(19/29)的PCV2流行株存在疑似的重组片段,且重组片段全部位于ORF1中。上述结果表明,今年以来河南省猪场PCV2阳性率快速上升,且流行株出现了较大变异,应加强对PCV2流行动态和遗传变异的监测。本研究为河南省PCV2分子流行病学、疫苗研究提供了参考依据。

GENETIC VARIATION OF ABO AND RH(D) BLOOD GROUPS AMONG THE BRAHMINS OF COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA

The paper reported the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among Brahmin,an endogamous population from Visakhapatnam district,Andhra Pradesh,India.Blood samples of 100 unrelated Brahmin individuals were screened for ABO and Rh(D) blood groups.The order of occurrence of ABO phenotypes was O>A>B.The corresponding allele frequencies were 0.530,0.315,and 0.155,respectively.The allele frequency of D (0.990) was more than d (0.010).The results were compared with the other caste population to understand the population variations.

Computational and bioinformatics tools for understanding disease mechanisms

Computational methods have significantly transformed biomedical research,offering a comprehensive exploration of disease mechanisms and molecular protein functions.This article reviews a spectrum of computational tools and network analysis databases that play a crucial role in identifying potential interactions and signaling networks contributing to the onset of disease states.The utilization of protein/gene interaction and genetic variation databases,coupled with pathway analysis can facilitate the identification of potential drug targets.By bridging the gap between molecular-level information and disease understanding,this review contributes insights into the impactful utilization of computational methods,paving the way for targeted interventions and therapeutic advancements in biomedical research.

率先发现中国人血型的挑战

至今已经在全球范围检测出数百种人类血型,但是没有1个是在中国人群中发现的。中国是1个多民族国家,具有丰富的遗传多态性和遗传变异。中国人泛基因组参考图谱揭示,中国人携带一些与世界上其他族群不同的遗传变异,特别是发现大约500万个碱基对新序列,被视为中国人群基因组核心序列。红细胞膜蛋白质组学研究表明,红细胞携带2 600多种红细胞膜蛋白,目前只在37种蛋白质分子上检测出血型抗原。以上数据提示,不排除在中国人群中存在新血型的可能性。本文描述了血型的发现历史,以及中国学者面对的挑战。

癫痫持续状态发病机制的研究进展

癫痫持续状态(SE)是神经科常见的急危重症,具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率等特点,其发病机制复杂,目前尚未完全明确。神经递质及其受体的功能异常会导致体内的兴奋-抑制失衡,在诱发和维持SE中发挥着核心作用,同时也是常规抗SE药物的作用靶点。遗传变异会诱导产生一系列与SE高度相关的疾病,多见于儿童。线粒体功能障碍则会导致大脑生理功能紊乱,进而诱发SE。此外,炎症、免疫紊乱以及血脑屏障通透性的增加也会促进SE的发生发展。未来,需要对SE的发病机制进行深入研究,以寻找新的致病途径,从而为SE的治疗提供新靶点。

钠离子牛磺胆酸共转运多肽缺陷病及其对母胎影响的研究进展

钠离子牛磺胆酸共转运多肽(sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide,NTCP)缺陷病是一种溶质载体家族10成员1(solute carrier family 10 member 1,SLC10A1)双等位基因突变引起的胆汁酸代谢障碍性疾病,分布具有区域和种族差异,其中SLC10A1 c.800C>T(p.Ser267Phe)是我国的高频突变。NTCP缺陷病患儿主要表现为病理性黄疸,少部分有生长、运动和神经系统发育迟缓的表现,成年患者临床症状和体征不明显,生化检查提示血清总胆汁酸水平升高、部分伴有转氨酶和25-羟维生素D3水平降低。NTCP缺陷病性高胆汁酸血症需与乙型肝炎病毒感染、丁型肝炎病毒感染、自身免疫性肝炎及妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症等鉴别,妊娠合并NTCP缺陷病性高胆汁酸血症对母胎的影响迄今少有相关报道。综述NTCP缺陷病的分子遗传机制、临床表现、实验室检查、诊断、治疗及其对母胎的影响,为该病患者的明确诊断和正确干预提供依据。

The impact of codon 54 variation in intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in Chinese

Objective To investigate whether or not the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) Ala54Thr variation is related to non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, dyslipidemia and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in Chinese.Methods The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was detected by PCR/HhaI digestion in 231 Chinese subjects (116 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 54 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 61 with NIDDM). Plasma glucose, insulin and C peptide levels before and after 75 g glucose load as well as fasting lipid profile were determined.Results (1) The Ala54 and Thr54 allele frequencies in Chinese were 0.71 and 0.29 respectively; (2) The FABP2 Ala54Thr variation was neither associated with fasting and post challenged plasma glucose levels nor with NIDDM; (3) This variation was neither associated with fasting lipid profile nor with obesity; (4) The IGT subjects with genotype Thr54(+) (Thr54 homozygotes and heterozygotes) had lower fasting, 2 hour and total C peptide levels and smaller AUC representing lesser C peptide secretion after glucose challenge than those with genotype Thr54( ) (Ala54 homozygotes) (P= 0.04 , 0.03, 0.01 and 0.01 respectively). The serum insulin levels changed in the same tendency.Conclusions The glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) reserve of islet beta cells is more limited in subjects with FABP2 Thr54(+) genotype than in those with FABP2 Thr54(-) genotype. It suggests that FABP2 codon 54 variation might contribute to the insufficient insulin secretion in the development of NIDDM in Chinese.

拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压疾病的临床效果

目的探讨拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压疾病的临床效果。方法选取本院151例妊娠期高血压疾病患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式分为两组,对照组102例采用硝苯地平治疗,分析组49例采用拉贝洛尔治疗,比较两组的血压、24 h蛋白尿、血压变异系数及不良分娩结局。结果治疗后,分析组收缩压、舒张压及24 h蛋白尿水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,分析组24 h收缩压变异系数、24 h舒张压变异系数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分析组不良分娩结局发生率为0%,显著低于对照组的7.84%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压疾病,能有效改善患者的血压水平,药物应用安全性高且利于改善分娩结局,可推广使用。

Genetic variants in the ADD1 and GNB3 genes and bloodpressure response to potassium supplementation

Dietary potassium-supplementation has been associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes.However,blood pressure(BP)responses to potassium supplementation vary among individuals.This study was designed to examine the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in the adducin 1 alpha(ADD1)and guanine nucleotide binding protein(G protein)beta polypeptide 3(GNB3)genes and systolic BP(SBP),diastolic BP(DBP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)responses to potassium-supplementation.We conducted a 7-day high-sodium intervention(307.8 mmol sodium/day)followed by a 7-day high-sodium with potassium-supplementation(60 mmol potassium/day)among 1906 Han Chinese participants from rural north China.BP measurements were obtained at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.We identified significant associations between ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP,DBP,and MAP responses to potassium-supplementation(all P<0.0001)that remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.In participants that were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele of this marker,SBP,DBP,and MAP response to potassium-supplementation were–3.52(–3.82,–3.21),–1.41(–1.66,–1.15)and–2.12(–2.37,–1.87),respectively,as compared to the corresponding responses of 1.99(0.25,3.73),–0.65(–0.10,–0.21),and–0.23(–0.37,0.83),respectively,for those who were homozygous for A allele.In addition,participants with at least one copy of the G allele of rs12503220 of the ADD1 gene had significantly increased DBP and MAP response to potassium-supplementation(P=0.0041 and 0.01,respectively),which was also significant after correction for multiple testing.DBP and MAP responses to potassiumsupplementation were–1.36(–1.63,–1.10)and–2.07(–2.32,–1.82)for those with at least G allele compared to corresponding responses of 0.86(–0.68,2.40)and–0.45(–1.74,0.84)for those who were homozygous for A allele.In summary,our study identified novel associations between genetic variants of the ADD1 gene and BP response to potassium-supplementation,which could have important clinical and public health implications.Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.

藏山羊血液蛋白多态性的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了80只藏山羊7种血液蛋白的多态性。藏山羊Hb、HLb、LDH、Am及Es未表现出多态性,而Tf和AKP表现出多态性,但变异频率很低0.882Tf^A、0.118Tf^B、0.156AKP^f、0.844AKP^o)。藏山羊平均基因杂合度为0.094。藏山羊与萨能、土根堡、安哥拉、波叶尔、南非土种、德国有色山羊和Granada山羊之间的遗传距离都非常小,在D=0.0026处聚为一类,表明它们可能有共同的遗传基础。

大豆微核心种质蛋白质及脂肪含量的遗传变异

大豆是人类最重要的植物蛋白和油脂来源。提高大豆蛋白质及脂肪含量一直是大豆品质育种的重要研究方向。采用NIR检测方法，对77份大豆微核心种质进行蛋白质及脂肪含量分析，探讨微核心种质蛋白质及脂肪含量的遗传变异特性及其与主要农艺性状的相关性，为种质利用及品质育种提供依据。结果表明，蛋白质含量和脂肪含量在品种间和生态区间均存在极显著的差异，变异丰富；蛋白质含量和脂肪含量的变异幅度为40.68~50.03%和13.81~21.51%，平均含量为45.95%和17.42%，变异系数为4.42%和7.96%；不同生态区品种蛋白质含量为南方品种＞黄淮海品种＞北方品种＞国外品种，脂肪含量则相反。蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈极显著负相关（r=-0.825＊＊），与单株粒数和单株荚数呈极显著和显著负相关（r=-0.205＊＊，r=-0.156＊），与底荚高度呈极显著正相关（r=0.240＊＊）。主成分分析显示，4个主成分可解释82.25%信息，分别为产量构成因子、品质因子、株型因子和粒重因子。

大豆蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

以综合性状优良的黄淮海区主栽大豆品种中黄13为轮回亲本,从大豆微核心种质中选择蛋白质含量显著低于或高于轮回亲本的中黄20、东山69、迟黄豆-1和泰兴牛毛黄乙等4个品种作为供体亲本,比较分析了4个组合的RP、DP、F2、BC1F2和BC2F2蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明,双亲蛋白质含量高,有利于提高其杂交、回交后代的蛋白质平均含量及超轮回亲本个体比例;F2、BC1F2和BC2F2群体蛋白质含量的变异系数依次降低,BC2F2的蛋白质平均含量及其变异系数接近于轮回亲本;蛋白质含量在F2群体内呈正态分布,在双亲蛋白质含量高的组合中,其BC1F2群体呈偏态分布,但在BC2F2群体恢复了正态分布,稳定较快;供体亲本与其杂交2代、回交1代和回交2代在蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重等性状上呈显著或极显著相关。

广东省猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒主要结构蛋白基因的变异分析

根据GenBank中猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲株(ATCC VR-2332)基因序列分别设计合成了针对PRRSV ORF3、ORF5和ORF6基因的引物,利用RT-PCR从广东省送检的5份病料中均分别扩增得到了大小约787、630和550 bp的片段,将扩增的cDNA片段克隆入pMD 18-T载体并测序.应用DNAStar软件分析,并与国内外已发表毒株和疫苗株(RespPRRS/Repro、RespPRRS MLV)、LV4.2.1株的序列进行比较.结果显示,这5个毒株与CH-1a、HB-1(sh)、BJ-4、ATCC VR-2332、疫苗株等毒株ORF3、ORF5、ORF6的核苷酸同源性分别为87.2%～98.7%、85.4%～96.8%、91.8%～98.9%,推导的氨基酸同源性分别为84.6%～97.6%、84.5%～95.5%、94.8%～98.9%;而与LV4.2.1株的核苷酸同源性分别为56.1%～58.3%、54.4%～57.0%、62.2%～64.4%,推导的氨基酸同源性分别为53.9%～56.7%、54.0%～57.0%、78.0%～80.3%.基因系统发育树表明,广东省流行的PRRSV与HB-1(sh)株的亲缘关系比较近.

中国部分黄牛血液蛋白多态性与其遗传关系的研究

本研究采用混合淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺电泳法,对我国9个黄牛品种的5个多态蛋白位点进行了遗传检测,得出了Hb、ALb、T_f,Pa及P_(tf-1)在各品种中的表现型频率和基因频率,并分别通过欧氏、标准遗传距离计算,利用类平均和最短距离法,将我国9个黄牛品种分为3类:延边牛、蒙古牛为一类,是以欧系牛型为主;海南牛、温岭高峰牛为一类,是以瘤牛型为主;晋南、平陆、郏县、峨边和南阳黄牛为一类,是以欧系牛、瘤牛、巴厘牛混血的中间型牛为主。