In vivo label-free measurement of blood flow velocity symmetry based on dual line scanning third-harmonic generation microscopy excited at the 1700 nm window

Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.

Unveiling the silent link:Normal-tension glaucoma's enigmatic bond with cardiac blood flow

This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike.NTG,characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure,has long puzzled clinicians.One emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow,particularly within the optic nerve head,may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.While NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart,its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of exploration.It navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation,blood pressure and perfusion pressure,neurovascular coupling,and oxidative stress,seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in NTG.This review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG,shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health,particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal range.NTG's enigmatic nature,often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles,underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care.Drawing parallels to cardiac health,we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the eyes.Cardiovascular factors,including systemic blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and microcirculatory anomalies,may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion,impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve head.By elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG,this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive condition.As the understanding of these connections evolves,so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions,ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those living with NTG.

Predicting Acute Mountain Sickness Using Regional Sea-Level Cerebral Blood Flow

Objective To investigate the role of sea-level cerebral blood flow(CBF)in predicting acute mountain sickness(AMS)using three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(3D-pCASL).Methods Forty-eight healthy volunteers reached an altitude of 3,650 m by air after undergoing a head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)including 3D-pCASL at sea level.The CBF values of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),and posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA)territories and the laterality index(LI)of CBF were compared between the AMS and non-AMS groups.Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between CBF and AMS,and the predictive performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The mean cortical CBF in women(81.65±2.69 mL/100 g/min)was higher than that in men(74.35±2.12 mL/100 g/min)(P<0.05).In men,the cortical CBF values in the bilateral ACA,PCA,PICA,and right MCA were higher in patients with AMS than in those without.Cortical CBF in the right PCA best predicted AMS(AUC=0.818).In women,the LI of CBF in the ACA was different between the AMS and non-AMS groups and predicted AMS with an AUC of 0.753.Conclusion Although the mechanism and prediction of AMS are quite complicated,higher cortical CBF at sea level,especially the CBF of the posterior circulatory system,may be used for prediction in male volunteers using non-invasive 3D-pCASL.

Cerebral arterial blood flow,attention,and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,and surgery is currently the main treatment for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,but the bleeding caused by surgery will cause damage to the patient's nerve cells,resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction,resulting in a decline in the patient's quality of life.AIM To investigate associations between cerebral arterial blood flow and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and July 2021 were selected as the observation group,while 100 patients without depression who had acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the control group.The attention span of the patients was assessed using the Paddle Pin Test while executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24)was used to evaluate the severity of depression of involved patients.Cerebral arterial blood flow was measured in both groups.RESULTS The MoCA score,net scores I,II,III,IV,and the total net score of the scratch test in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Concurrently,the total number of responses,number of incorrect responses,number of persistent errors,and number of completed responses of the first classification in the WCST test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery were positively correlated with the net and total net scores of each part of the Paddle Pin test and the MoCA score(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with each part of the WCST test(P<0.05).In the observation group,the post-treatment improvement was more prominent in the Paddle Pin test,WCST test,HAMD-24 score,and MoCA score compared with those in the pre-treatment period(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery significantly improved in the observation group after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Impaired attention,and executive and cognitive functions are correlated with cerebral artery blood flow in patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and warrant further study.

Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein)

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

Dynamic Non-Invasive Detection of NADH Based on Blood Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) Method

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) is involved in important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in energy production by mitochondria. The changes in fluorescence intensity as a function of time in response to blocking and releasing of blood flow in a forearm are used as a measure of oxygen transport with blood to the tissue, which directly correlates with the skin microcirculation status. In this paper, a non-invasive dynamic monitoring system based on blood flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) technology is developed to monitor the NADH fluorescence intensity of skin tissue during the process of blocking reactive hyperemia. Simultaneously, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used to observe blood flow, blood oxygen saturation (SOt2) and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHb) during the measurement process, which helped to explore NADH dynamics relevant physiological changes. A variety of parameters have been derived to describe NADH fluorescence curve based on the FMSF device. The experimental results are conducive to understanding the NADH measurement and the physiological processes related to it, which help FMSF to be a great avenue for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.

Characteristics of traumatic brain injury models:from macroscopic blood flow changes to microscopic mitochondrial changes

Controlled cortical impingement is a widely accepted method to induce traumatic brain injury to establish a traumatic brain injury animal model.A strike depth of 1 mm at a certain speed is recommended for a moderate brain injury and a depth of>2 mm is used to induce severe brain injury.However,the different effects and underlying mechanisms of these two model types have not been proven.This study investigated the changes in cerebral blood flow,differences in the degree of cortical damage,and differences in motor function under different injury parameters of 1 and 2 mm at injury speeds of 3,4,and 5 m/s.We also explored the functional changes and mitochondrial damage between the 1 and 2 mm groups in the acute(7 days)and chronic phases(30 days).The results showed that the cerebral blood flow in the injured area of the 1 mm group was significantly increased,and swelling and bulging of brain tissue,increased vascular permeability,and large-scale exudation occurred.In the 2 mm group,the main pathological changes were decreased cerebral blood flow,brain tissue loss,and cerebral vasospasm occlusion in the injured area.Substantial motor and cognitive impairments were found on day 7 after injury in the 2 mm group;at 30 days after injury,the motor function of the 2 mm group mice recovered significantly while cognitive impairment persisted.Transcriptome sequencing showed that compared with the 1 mm group,the 2 mm group expressed more ferroptosis-related genes.Morphological changes of mitochondria in the two groups on days 7 and 30 using transmission electron microscopy revealed that on day 7,the mitochondria in both groups shrank and the vacuoles became larger;on day 30,the mitochondria in the 1 mm group became larger,and the vacuoles in the 2 mm group remained enlarged.By analyzing the proportion of mitochondrial subgroups in different groups,we found that the model mice had different patterns of mitochondrial composition at different time periods,suggesting that the difference in the degree of damage among traumatic brain injury groups may reflect the mitochondrial changes.Taken together,differences in mitochondrial morphology and function between the 1 and 2 mm groups provide a new direction for the accurate classification of traumatic brain injury.Our results provide reliable data support and evaluation methods for promoting the establishment of standard mouse controlled cortical impingement model guidelines.

Abnormal volumetric brain morphometry and cerebral blood flow in adolescents with depression

BACKGROUND Prior research has demonstrated that the brains of adolescents with depression exhibit distinct structural alterations.However,preliminary studies have documented the pathophysiological changes in certain brain regions,such as the cerebellum,highlighting a need for further research to support the current understanding of this disease.AIM To study brain changes in depressed adolescents.METHODS This study enrolled 34 adolescents with depression and 34 age-,sex-,and education-level-matched healthy control(HC)individuals.Structural and functional alterations were identified when comparing the brains of these two participant groups through voxel-based morphometry and cerebral blood flow(CBF)analysis,respectively.Associations between identified brain alterations and the severity of depressive symptoms were explored through Pearson correlation analyses.RESULTS The cerebellum,superior frontal gyrus,cingulate gyrus,pallidum,middle frontal gyrus,angular gyrus,thalamus,precentral gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,and supplementary motor areas of adolescents with depression showed an increase in brain volume compared to HC individuals.These patients with depression further presented with a pronounced drop in CBF in the left pallidum(group=98,and peak t=-4.4324),together with increased CBF in the right percental gyrus(PerCG)(group=90,and peak t=4.5382).In addition,17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were significantly correlated with the increased volume in the opercular portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus(r=-0.5231,P<0.01).CONCLUSION The right PerCG showed structural and CBF changes,indicating that research on this part of the brain could offer insight into the pathophysiological causes of impaired cognition.

Thermogram-based estimation of foot arterial blood flow using neural networks

The altered blood flow in the foot is an important indicator of early diabetic foot complications.However,it is challenging to measure the blood flow at the whole foot scale.This study presents an approach for estimating the foot arterial blood flow using the temperature distribution and an artificial neural network.To quantify the relationship between the blood flow and the temperature distribution,a bioheat transfer model of a voxel-meshed foot tissue with discrete blood vessels is established based on the computed tomography(CT)sequential images and the anatomical information of the vascular structure.In our model,the heat transfer from blood vessels and tissue and the inter-domain heat exchange between them are considered thoroughly,and the computed temperatures are consistent with the experimental results.Analytical data are then used to train a neural network to determine the foot arterial blood flow.The trained network is able to estimate the objective blood flow for various degrees of stenosis in multiple blood vessels with an accuracy rate of more than 90%.Compared with the Pennes bioheat transfer equation,this model fully describes intra-and inter-domain heat transfer in blood vessels and tissue,closely approximating physiological conditions.By introducing a vascular component to an inverse model,the blood flow itself,rather than blood perfusion,can be estimated,directly informing vascular health.

Retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain subjects with dyslipidemia

AIM:To assess the retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density changes in chest pain patients with dyslipidemia using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:All subjects with chest pain as the main symptom accepted a comprehensive ophthalmological examination.According to the serum lipid levels,the participants were divided into the control group and the dyslipidemia group.The retina thickness and fundus blood flow density were determined using OCTA.RESULTS:The study enrolled 87 left eyes from 87 adults with dyslipidemia and 87 left eyes from age-and sexmatched participants without dyslipidemia.The retina of dyslipidemia subjects was significantly thinner than that of the controls in the inferior(P=0.004 and P=0.014,respectively)and temporal(P=0.015 and P=0.019,respectively)regions,both inner and outer layers.In terms of blood flow density in the macula or optic disk,there was a decreasing trend in the dyslipidemia group compared with the control group,especially in the inferior and temporal regions.CONCLUSION:Dyslipidemia may contribute to the decrease in retinal thickness and fundus blood flow density.Further validation of the association between abnormal lipid metabolism and fundus microcirculation alterations needs to be carried out in chest pain patients.

微血管血流联合LumiFlow成像技术获取早中孕期胎儿心脏标准切面中的应用

目的探讨微血管血流(MV-Flow)联合LumiFlow成像技术在获取11~17^(+6)周胎儿心脏标准切面中的应用价值。资料与方法回顾性收集2022年7月-2023年8月在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受胎儿超声心动图检查的正常早中孕期孕妇63例,行胎儿超声心动图彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及MV-Flow联合LumiFlow检查,分别获取国际妇产科超声学会推荐的8个诊断切面,对不同模式下各标准切面图的血流要素进行评分,比较CDFI及MV-Flow联合LumiFlow在各诊断切面的显示成功率及评分。结果63例孕妇共进行66次胎儿超声心动图检查,MV-Flow联合LumiFlow在上腹横切面、四腔心切面、主动脉弓切面显示成功率分别为98.48%、98.48%、96.97%,高于CDFI(χ^(2)=5.143、8.100、6.125,P<0.05),在三血管气管切面和左心室流出道切面显示成功率分别为39.40%和43.94%,显著低于CDFI(χ^(2)=13.885、7.579,P<0.05)。MV-Flow联合LumiFlow及CDFI两者在动脉导管弓切面、上下腔静脉长轴切面及所有切面总体评分差异无统计学意义(Z/t=-1.56、-1.77、-0.41,P>0.05);在上腹横切面、四腔心切面及主弓脉弓切面,MV-Flow联合LumiFlow评分显著高于传统CDFI(t=-5.14、-6.08、-6.63,P<0.001),左、右心室流出道切面及三血管气管切面CDFI评分显著高于MV-Flow联合LumiFlow(Z=-4.00、-2.93、-4.61,P<0.05)。结论MV-Flow联合LumiFlow在上腹横切面、四腔心切面与主弓脉弓切面的显示较CDFI更具优势,可以作为早期胎心筛查中血流显像技术的有效补充。

Effect of Garment Pressure on Peripheral Skin Blood Flow(SBF)

To well understand the effect of garment pressure on skin blood flow(SBF) at lower limb,external pressures of various magnitudes were exerted on lower limb in supine or sitting postures respectively using sphygmomanometer.Five male subjects volunteered to participate in this study.An alternating pressure loading protocol between non-pressure and pressure was employed.The SBF was observed by laser flowmeter.No matter the subjects being sitting or supine,SBF obviously increased under low pressure;as the pressure increasing,it turned to decrease.Moreover,while lying supine,SBF turned to decrease under lower pressure than sitting;SBF at calf turned to decrease under lower pressure than at ankle.It was also confirmed that the increment of SBF was obviously higher when the pressure of the same magnitudes was exerted at ankle than at calf.The pressure around 5.32 kPa was confirmed to be a crucial value to SBF.The findings will be helpful in design and application of tight-fit garments.

3D-ASL的rCBF max值在儿童后颅窝肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨三维动脉自旋标记成像(3D-ASL)参数rCBF_(max)对儿童后颅窝肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月-2022年12月在本院经手术病理证实的52例后颅窝肿瘤患儿的临床和术前MRI资料(平扫、增强和3D-ASL)。其中,髓母细胞瘤28例,毛细胞星形细胞瘤11例,室管膜瘤13例。测量肿瘤实性区域的最大脑血流量(CBF_(max))值,并计算最大相对脑血流量(rCBF_(max)=CBF_(max)/CBF_(健侧正常脑灰质))。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较3组肿瘤的rCBF_(max)值,采用ROC曲线和约登指数来确定rCBF_(max)鉴别肿瘤病理类型的最佳阈值、敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:室管膜瘤的rCBF_(max)值最高,为1.53(1.27,2.04),毛细胞星形细胞瘤的rCBF_(max)值最低,为0.69(0.56,0.76),髓母细胞瘤的rCBF_(max)值为0.90(0.84,1.00)。三组肿瘤的rCBF_(max)值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示鉴别室管膜瘤与髓母细胞瘤的rCBF_(max)最佳阈值为1.13,相应的诊断敏感度为100%,特异度为82.1%,AUC为90.7%;鉴别髓母细胞瘤与毛细胞星形细胞瘤的rCBF_(max)最佳阈值为0.80,相应的诊断敏感度为85.7%,特异度为100%,AUC为97.1%。结论:3D-ASL定量参数rCBF_(max)对常见儿童后颅窝肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。

基于结构性教育的LI-BFRT对老年2型糖尿病患者的影响

目的探究基于结构性教育的血流限制结合低强度有氧训练(LI-BFRT)对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的影响。方法选取老年T2DM患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组给予常规教育和运动训练,观察组给予基于结构性教育的LI-BFRT。对比干预后两组糖代谢水平、足部血流速度及睡眠质量。结果干预后,观察组胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素(FINS)及空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平较对照组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组足部血流速度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组日间身体功能、夜间苏醒、入睡时间、总睡眠时间、日间情绪、比期望时间早醒、日间思睡、总睡眠质量评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于结构性教育的LI-BFRT应用于老年T2MD患者,能够有效改善糖代谢水平和睡眠质量,促进足部代谢。

AB036. Pulsatile choroidal blood flow (PCBF) in the glaucoma spectrum-preliminary results obtained with a novel optical method

Background:Decrease of ocular blood flow has been linked to the pathogenesis of ocular diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.Current methods that measure the pulsatile blood flow have major limitations,including the assumption that ocular rigidity is the same in all eyes.Our group has recently developed a new method to measure the pulsatile choroidal volume change by direct visualization of the choroid with OCT imaging and automated segmentation.Our goal in this study is to describe the distribution of PCBF in a healthy Caucasian population.Methods:Fifty-one subjects were recruited from the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic and underwent PCBF measurement in one eye.The distribution of PCBF in healthy eyes was assessed.Results:The distribution of PCBF among the healthy eyes was found to be 3.94±1.70µL with this technique.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the normal range of PCBF values obtained in a healthy Caucasian population.This technique could be used for further investigation of choroid pulsatility and to study glaucoma pathophysiology.

超声B-Flow联合外周血NLR、CRP对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性的诊断效能研究

目的探讨超声二维灰阶血流显像技术(B-Flow)联合外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)诊断颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块易损性的价值。方法纳入2019年2月至2022年8月在天津市永久医院诊查的152例CAS患者为研究对象,均利用颈动脉斑块超声B-Flow和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查斑块性质,并检测外周血NLR、CRP水平,以DSA结果为“金标准”,将患者分为易损斑块组和稳定斑块组,统计超声B-Flow检查结果,比较两组外周血NLR、CRP水平,分析超声B-Flow、外周血NLR、CRP水平三者单独及联合诊断CAS斑块易损性的价值。结果DSA检查结果显示,152例CAS患者检出66例易损斑块,86例为稳定斑块;超声B-Flow检查出72例易损斑块,80例稳定斑块,以DSA检查结果作为“金标准”,超声B-Flow诊断易损斑块的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为84.85%、81.39%、82.89%;易损斑块组外周血NLR、CRP水平均高于稳定斑块组(P<0.05);超声B-Flow联合外周血NLR、CRP水平诊断CAS易损性斑块的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为98.48、81.39%、0.907,联合诊断的灵敏度高于单独诊断,AUC高于单独诊断(P<0.05),特异度与单独诊断相近。结论超声B-Flow、外周血NLR、CRP均对CAS斑块易损性具有一定的诊断效能,但三者联合诊断效能更好。

OCULAR BLOOD FLOW EVALUATION (POBF AND GDI) IN INJURED AND HEALTHY FELLOW EYES

Purpose: To assess if injured eyes develop ocular blood flow disturbances that may contribute to development of traumatic glaucoma. Materials and Methods: 25 patients hospitalized for eye injury and elevated IOP were evaluated 24 months after the trauma. All injured and fellow eyes underwent IOP measure, visual field (HFAII, Central 30/2SITA), pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis (POBF, OBF Labs UK), CDI examination (PSV, EDV, and RI) of Ophthalmic Artery, Central Retinal Artery, Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries. Results: IOP was significantly higher in injured eyes (15.1 vs 13.0±2.7mmHg) (P= 0,01), but only 2 eyes (8.8%) were under medical treatment POBF values were significantly lower in injured eyes: 11,25 μl/s in traumatised eyes and 15,40 μl/s in fellow eyes (P = 0.002). Resistivity Index (RI) of all investigated retrobulbar vessels was very significantly higher in injured eyes than in fellow eyes (P= 0.0001). There is no significant correlation between IOP and ocular blood flow disturbances.

补肾活血调周法联合中药封包治疗宫腔粘连疗效观察及对PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、bFGF的影响

目的:观察补肾活血调周法联合中药封包治疗宫腔粘连(IUA)的临床疗效,以及对血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)-BB、转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的影响。方法:选取40例行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术治疗的IUA患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(应用补肾活血调周法治疗)及试验组(采用补肾活血调周法联合中药封包治疗),每组20例。2组均治疗3个月经周期,随访1年。比较2组临床疗效,子宫内膜厚度,子宫动脉血流参数[搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)],血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、bFGF水平,宫腔再粘连发生率及妊娠率。结果:治疗后,试验组总有效率85.00%,高于对照组55.00%(P<0.05)。2组子宫内膜厚度均较治疗前增加(P<0.05),PI、RI均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);试验组子宫内膜厚度大于对照组(P<0.05),PI、RI均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、bFGF水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),试验组血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、bFGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访3个月,试验组再粘连发生率5.88%,低于对照组27.27%(P<0.05)。随访1年,试验组妊娠率40.00%,高于对照组5.00%(P<0.05)。结论:补肾活血调周法联合中药封包治疗IUA,可增加子宫内膜厚度,改善子宫动脉血流及临床症状,有效调节PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、bFGF水平,减少宫腔再粘连发生,提高妊娠率。

Regulation of hepatic blood flow:The hepatic arterial buffer response revisited

The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and clearance,but also its dramatic role as the blood volume reservoir. Among parenchymal organs,blood flow to the liver is unique due to the dual supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Knowledge of the mutual communication of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential to understand hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. To distinguish the individual importance of each of these inflows in normal and abnormal states is still a challenging task and the subject of on-going research. A central mechanism that controls and allows constancy of hepatic blood flow is the hepatic arterial buffer response. The current paper reviews the relevance of this intimate hepatic blood flow regulatory system in health and disease. We exclusively focus on the endogenous interrelationship between the hepatic arterial and portal venous inflow circuits in liver resection and transplantation,as well as inflammatory and chronic liver diseases. We do not consider the hepatic microvascular anatomy,as this has been the subject of another recent review.

Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, although this aspect of bone is often overlooked. In this article, the importance of blood flow in bone repair and regeneration will be reviewed. First, the skeletal vascular anato- my, with an emphasis on long bones, the distinct mechanisms for vascularizing bone tissue, and methods for remodeling existing vasculature are discussed. Next, techniques for quantifying bone blood flow are briefly summarized. Finally, the body of experimental work that demonstrates the role of bone blood flow in fracture healing, distraction osteogenesis, osteoporosis, disuse osteopenia, and bone grafting is examined. These results illustrate that adequate bone blood flow is an important clinical consideration, particularly during bone regeneration and in at-risk patient groups.