Efficacy of blood glucose self-monitoring on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of blood glucose self-monitoring on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of the efficacy of blood glucose selfmonitoring were collected from the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and VIP databases.Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results:Seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis.The results indicated that blood glucose self-monitoring significantly reduced the glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level by 0.41%.Subgroup analysis showed that while implementation of a diabetes management regimen based on the blood glucose self-monitoring results effectively reduced the HbA1c level by 0.42%,no significant improvement in HbA1c level control was observed with the implementation of blood glucose self-monitoring alone.Conclusion:Blood glucose self-monitoring combined with diabetes management effectively improves glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose in gestational diabetes mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries

Self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG)is critical for gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)care.However,there are several hurdles to its practice during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in GDM patients in low-and middle-income countries when GDM care recommendations emphasize telemedicine-based care.Based on available knowledge,this letter proposes the following barriers to SMBG in these GDM patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic:Poor internet connectivity,affordability of SMBG and digital applications to connect with healthcare providers,government-imposed social mobility restriction,psychological stress,and mental health conditions.Nevertheless,definitive evidence will only be acquired from rigorous research.

Investigation and Analysis on the Management Standard of Blood Glucose Monitoring for Clinical Nurses in Nyingchi Region of Tibet

Background: In participating in the medical support work in the Nyingchi area of Tibet, the author found that the medical education resources in this area are scarce, and the clinical nurses in this area have relatively insufficient knowledge about blood glucose monitoring and management. Accurately understanding the knowledge-attitude/belief-practice (KAP) level of nurses in Nyingchi area on blood glucose management is of great significance to the development of blood glucose monitoring management guidance for nurses in this area. Therefore, this study investigated the current status of the management of blood glucose monitoring management standards for clinical nurses in Nyingchi, Tibet. Objective: To investigate and analyze the current situation of clinical nurses in Nyingchi region of Tibet to grasp the regulation of blood glucose monitoring and guide the implementation of the norm of blood glucose monitoring for clinical nurses. Methods: The research survey was carried out from March to April 2020. Random sampling method was used to select 134 clinical in-service nurses in Nyingchii, Tibet. The self-designed knowledge-attitude/belief-practice survey questionnaire for clinical nurses’ blood glucose monitoring and management in Tibet was used. Nurses’ blood glucose monitoring management “KAP” scores and related influencing factors are analyzed. Results: Blood sugar monitoring and management knowledge score is (36.78 ± 6.80), attitude dimension is (42.48 ± 6.42), practice dimension is (61.87 ± 10.24) and total score is (304.73 ± 36.24). The nurse’s department and whether to participate in diabetes training are the main influencing factors of the blood glucose monitoring management norms, knowledge and behavior (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: The standard knowledge of blood glucose monitoring and management of clinical nurses in Nyingchi region of Tibet is at the middle level, positive attitude and unsatisfactory behavior. Nursing managers should conduct standardized training for clinical nurses in blood glucose monitoring, develop the training mode of diabetes specialty nursing talents in Nyingchi area, and construct a complete management system of diabetes specialty nursing.

Practice of Glycemic Self-Monitoring in Diabetic Patients Followed at the Endocrinology Department of Donka University Hospital in Guinea

Diabetes is a chronic pathology whose evolution is marked by micro and macroangiopathic complications. Optimal management can prevent the onset of complications and improve patients’ quality of life. Objectives: To determine the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and to describe the errors found during self-monitoring in diabetic patients followed at the Endocrinology Department of Donka University Hospital in Guinea. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between August and September 2020 involving diabetic patients followed up at the Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of the Donka National Hospital, CHU Conakry. Results: A total of 301 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 44.24 ± 21.01 years. 64.12% were female. Type 2 diabetes predominated in 64% of cases. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.14 ± 4.67 years, and 75.08% of patients lived in urban areas. Patients were on insulin in 36.21% of cases, insulin and biguanides (26.25%), hypoglycemic sulfonamide and biguanides (19.27%) and biguanides in 18.27% of cases. The frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose was 43%, and 38% of patients made errors, notably reusing lancets (60%), not checking the expiration date (55.65%) and not washing their hands (48%). Conclusion: This study shows that self-monitoring of blood glucose is not performed by the majority of patients. Numerous errors were identified during blood glucose testing. Continued therapeutic education on the use of blood glucose meters will help empower patients and improve their quality of life.

Recent developments in non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology

Diabetes mellitus is a huge and significantly grow ing problem. Continuous and real-time monitoring of blood glucose plays a key role for the people with diabetes,which can help them to control glucose concentration more effectively. However,current blood glucose monitoring methods require blood by needle-pricking,which limit the detection frequency. It is necessary to develop non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods to achieve the ideal therapeutic and management of diabetes. In this paper,the developments and challenges of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technologies in recent years are reviewed. And the bottleneck and the developing trends are also analyzed.

Effect Observation of Process Diabetes Group Nursing on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:Discuss the clinical effect of the process diabetes nurse group in the treatment of diabetes patients.Methods:A total of 58 patients with diabetes who received treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2021 were selected,and the 58 patients were divided into two groups by random number table.In one group,29 patients were treated with process diabetes group nursing,which was recorded as the observation group;in the other group,29 patients were treated with conventional care,which was recorded as the control group.Nursing satisfaction,compliance behavior of patients,and adverse incidence were analyzed.Results:After nursing,the data of the two groups were summarized.The score of compliance behavior in the observation group was 91.23±4.56,which was significantly better than that in the control group(75.13土5.23).The t values of the score of compliance behavior were 12.4952,P<0.05.The qualified rate of fasting blood glucose in the observation group was 100%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(62.07%),P<0.05.According to the questionnaire analysis,there were 18 patients in the observation group who were very satisfied,8 patients who were satisfied and 3 patients who were not satisfied,with a total satisfaction rate of 89.66%,and in the control group,there were 4 patients who were very satisfied,15 patients who were satisfied and 10 patients who were not satisfied,with a total satisfaction rate of 65.52%.The control group was significantly inferior to the observation group,and P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Conclusion:Adopting the process of diabetes group nursing can effectively enhance the compliance behavior of patients,and effectively control the blood sugar index of patients,and improve the satisfaction degree of patients.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients in China：current status and influential factors

Background Self-monitoring of blood glucose （SMBG） by individuals with type 2 diabetes （T2D） is crucial for long-term health,yet numerous cultural,economic and health factors can reduce SMBG.Most studies on SMBG adherence have come out of the US and Europe,and their relevance to Asia is unclear.The aims of the present study were to assess the current state of SMBG in China and analyze demographic and diabetes-related characteristics that may influence it.Methods In this multi-center,cross-sectional study,5 953 individuals with T2D from 50 medical centers in 29 provinces across China filled out a standardized questionnaire that requested information on demographic characteristics,education level,occupation,income,lifestyle risk factors,duration of diabetes,chronic complications,and frequency of SMBG.Respondents were also asked whether their glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） had been checked in the past 6 months.The most recent values for fasting plasma glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c were recovered from medical records.Results Only 1 130 respondents （18.98％） performed SMBG with the recommended frequency,while 4 823 （81.02％） did not.In fact,nearly 2 105 （35.36％） reported never performing SMBG.In the subset of 3 661 individuals on insulin therapy,only 266 （7.27％） performed SMBG at least once a day,while 1 210 （33.05％） never performed it.In contrast,895 of 2 292 individuals （39.05％） on diet/exercise therapy or oral hypoglycemic therapy never performed it.Multivariate Logistic regression identified several factors associated with SMBG adherence：female gender,higher education level,higher income,longer T2D duration and education about SMBG.Conclusions SMBG adherence in our Chinese population with T2D was less frequent than that in developed countries.Several factors influence SMBG adherence：gender,education level,income,T2D duration,therapy regimen and exposure to education about SMBG.

3ehavioral Analysis of Chinese Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose

Background： The information-motivation-behavioral skills （IMB） model of health behavior is an effective tool to evaluate the behavior of diabetes self-management. The purpose of this study was to explore behavioral factors affecting the practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose （SMBG） within the frame of IMB model of health behavioral among adult patients with type 1 diabetes in a single diabetes clinic in China. Methods： A questionnaire with three subscales on SMBG information, motivation, and behavioral skills based on IMB model was developed. Validity and reliability of the measures were examined and guaranteed. Adult patients with type 1 diabetes visiting our diabetes clinic from January to March 2012 （n = 55） were consecutively interviewed. The self-completion questionnaires were administered and finished at face-to-face interviews among these patients. Both descriptive and correlational analyses were made. Results： Fifty-five patients finished the questionnaires, with the median duration of diabetes 4.5 years and the median of SMBG frequency 2.00. Specific SMBG information deficits, motivation obstacles, and behavioral skill limitations were identified in a substantial proportion of participants. Scores of SMBG motivation （r - 0.299, P = 0.026） and behavioral skills （r = 0.425, P = 0.001） were significantly correlated with SMBG frequency. The multiple correlation of SMBG information, SMBG motivation, and SMBG behavioral skills with SMBG frequency was R - 0.411 （R2 = 0.169, P = 0.023）. Conclusions： Adult patients with type 1 diabetes in our clinic had substantial SMBG information deficits, motivation obstacles, and skill limitations. This information provided potential-focused education targets for diabetes health-care providers.

预见性护理在糖尿病患者中的应用效果

目的观察预见性护理在糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年10月至2023年3月我院收治的100例糖尿病患者,随机将患者分为试验组和对照组,各50例。试验组采用预见性护理,对照组采用常规方式护理,对比两组患者护理前后的血糖水平(空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖)、不良心理(SAS、SDS)改善情况、并发症发生率、患者满意度。结果护理后,两组血糖水平、不良心理评分均降低(均P<0.001),且试验组降低水平优于对照组(均P<0.001);试验组并发症发生率低于对照组(0 vs.8.0%,P=0.017);试验组满意度高于对照组(98.0%vs.86.0%,P=0.043)。结论预见性护理能促进糖尿病患者血糖水平和不良心理改善,减少并发症发生,提高患者满意度。

多元化社区护理管理在糖尿病病人中的应用

目的:探讨多元化社区护理管理在糖尿病病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年3月武汉市社区医院收治的80例糖尿病病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予常规护理联合多元化社区护理管理护理干预,评价两组血糖控制效果、生活质量及就医行为。结果:干预1年后,观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预6个月及干预12个月内的就医次数均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预1年后,观察组的足部自我护理知识、足部自我护理行为及生活质量优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:多元化社区护理管理应用在社区糖尿病病人中对其血糖控制、就医行为、足部自我护理知识及足部自我护理行为有积极影响。

循证护理用于糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者护理的临床分析

目的观察糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者给予循证护理的有效性.方法选取2021年7月至2023年7月济南市天桥人民医院收治的60例糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者,根据患者所用护理方法不同予以分组,对照组(30例)实施常规护理,研究组(30例)接受循证护理,对比不同组别尿酮体转阴时间、护理效果等指标情况.结果不同组别实施护理前空腹、餐后2h血糖水平不具有统计学差别(P>0.05);研究组与对照组接受相应的护理后空腹血糖分别为(5.49±1.17)mmol/L和(7.18±1.26)mmol/L,且研究组餐后2h血糖水平控制情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组对护理工作满意度低于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组尿酮体转阴时间为(18.69±6.17)h,研究组为(12.19±5.21)h,且研究组酸中毒纠正时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(P<0.05).结论糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者给予循证护理干预,不仅可以改善患者相关症状,也能提升患者对护理工作的满意度,对于控制患者血糖水平具有重要的意义.

糖尿病病人血糖监测教育的循证护理实践

目的:总结糖尿病病人血糖监测教育的最佳证据并应用于临床实践。方法:以“基于证据的持续质量改进模式图”为指导,检索并评价总结糖尿病病人血糖监测教育的最佳证据,应用于临床。于2023年2月—3月选取福建省某三级甲等医院内分泌科收治的病人及护士作为研究对象,于2023年4月—5月对216例糖尿病病人和25名护士进行基线审查、分析比较临床实践与最佳证据的差距,2023年6月—9月构建策略、采取行动,2023年9月—10月对证据应用后的269例病人及25名护士进行再审查。比较证据应用前后护士血糖知识水平、基于证据开展病人教育的执行率以及病人血糖监测的行为依从性。结果:证据应用后,护士对监测意义、监测方案、监测技术、质量控制以及教育指导5个方面的知晓率提升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病病人在证据应用前后血糖监测的规范依从性提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:现有证据表明,应用循证实践最佳证据,可提升护士血糖监测的健康教育质量,规范糖尿病病人血糖监测,为构建科学、系统的血糖监测教育管理体系提供科学依据。

肝癌切除手术患者目标导向性血糖监测的证据总结

目的检索并总结肝癌切除手术患者目标导向性血糖监测相关证据,为临床提供指导依据。方法应用PICO程式结构化临床问题,检索中国指南网,美国指南网,英国国家临床医学研究所指南库,国际指南图书馆,英格兰学院间指南网,UpToDate,BMJ,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,EMbase,CINAHL,中国生物医学数据库,中国知网,万方医学数据库。采用相关评价工具对纳入的文献进行质量评价。结果共纳入文献15篇,包括指南6篇,专家共识3篇,原始研究6篇,总结出18条审查指标,包括多学科团队构建、术前评估及健康教育、监测方法、术前/术中/术后目标导向性血糖监测措施、异常血糖处理、术后交接及管理等内容。结论本研究总结了肝癌切除手术患者目标导向性血糖监测的最佳证据,为规范临床血糖监测及控制,降低血糖异常事件及并发症发生率,加速术后康复提供循证依据。

缺血性脑卒中康复护理研究进展

偏瘫、失语、吞咽困难及抑郁等是脑卒中后患者常见并发症,严重影响患者日常生活能力。脑卒中后开展早期康复护理有助于改善疾病预后,提高患者生活质量。本研究就缺血性脑卒中患者的康复护理研究现状进行综述,旨在为改善脑卒中患者的预后情况,提高其生活质量和治疗效果提供参考。

1例糖原累积病Ⅳ型合并急性肝衰竭患儿急性期的护理

总结2022年7月我科收治的1例糖原累积病Ⅳ型(glycogen storage disease typeⅣ,GSDⅣ)合并急性肝衰竭患儿急性期的护理经验。护理要点:监测血流动力学,积极抗休克;监测消化道出血量,实施止血治疗;开展人工肝治疗及预防相关并发症;连续监测血糖,根据病情与血糖动态调整营养治疗方案;开展远程探视和音乐治疗。经过6 d的救治和护理,患儿病情好转,顺利进行肝移植。术后18 d好转出院;随访1年,恢复良好。

中西医结合护理对糖尿病肾病患者血糖水平和心理状态的影响

目的探讨中西医结合护理对糖尿病肾病患者血糖水平和心理状态的改善效果。方法将2021年1月至2022年12月滨州医学院附属医院收治的80例糖尿病肾病患者纳入研究,并回顾性分析其一般资料,按护理方法的不同,将患者分为对照组(40例)和观察组(40例)。对照组患者和观察组患者分别接受2周的常规护理和中西医结合护理。对比2组患者的血糖控制情况、心理状态及生活质量。结果护理前,2组间空腹血糖水平、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白水平,焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,以及世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分经对比,均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。经过2周的护理,与对照组相比,观察组的上述血糖指标水平以及SAS评分和SDS评分均更低,同时观察组的WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分均更高(P均<0.05)。结论中西医结合护理可降低糖尿病肾病患者的血糖水平,改善其心理状态和生活质量。

医护一体化康复护理对老年糖尿病患者生活质量、血糖水平的影响效果观察

目的 研究老年糖尿病患者接受医护一体化康复护理的干预效果。方法 选取2021年8月—2022年8月泉州市第一医院收治的120例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,将其用随机数表法分为两组,对照组与观察组,各60例,分别采用常规护理、医护一体化康复护理,比较两组护理前后患者的生活质量与血糖水平变化情况。结果 两组护理8周后患者的生活质量评分均高于护理前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理8周后两组患者的各项血糖值均小于护理前,且观察组均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对老年糖尿病患者实施医护一体化康复护理的干预效果显著,既可以降低患者的血糖水平,又可以提高其生活质量,综合优势显著。

行为习惯逆转疗法护理在2型糖尿病合并高血压患者中的应用效果

目的:观察行为习惯逆转疗法护理在2型糖尿病合并高血压患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年9月该院收治的102例2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的临床资料,根据护理方法不同将其分为观察组和对照组各51例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用行为习惯逆转疗法护理,比较两组护理前后饮食行为管理评分、血糖指标水平、血压水平、服药依从性。结果:护理后,两组知识、态度、行为等饮食行为管理评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组收缩压、舒张压水平均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组服药依从优良率为96.08%(49/51),高于对照组的82.35%(42/51),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用行为习惯逆转疗法护理可提高2型糖尿病合并高血压患者饮食行为管理评分和服药依从优良率,降低血糖指标和血压水平,其效果优于单纯常规护理。

精准护理干预在老年2型糖尿病护理中的实施效果评价

目的 研究精准护理干预对老年2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)的效果。方法 简单随机选取2023年3—10月邹城市人民医院内分泌科室收治的60例老年T2DM患者为研究对象,按不同时间段分组,2023年7—10月作为研究组和2023年3—6月作为对照组,分析两组患者血糖指标、自我管理能力以及并发症发生率。结果 研究组护理后空腹血糖(Fasting Blood Glucose,FBG)为(4.28±1.11)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖(2-hour Postprandial Blood Glucose,2 hBG)为(5.18±1.13)mmol/L低于对照组的(6.38±1.01)、(8.23±1.22)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=7.664、10.046,P均<0.05)。研究组护理后合理饮食、坚持锻炼、生活规律、症状管理以及情绪管理评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 对于老年T2DM患者,需要持续进行治疗和护理,以便有效地管理血糖水平和相关的代谢失衡,缓解其临床症状,并提高其生活品质。将精准护理方式运用在T2DM老年患者护理中,可改善其血糖指标、自我管理能力。

家庭护理干预在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果

目的:分析家庭护理干预对2型糖尿病患者的应用效果。方法:选取2021年6月—2023年9月滨州医学院附属医院收治的89例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组(n=44)和试验组(n=45)。参照组采用常规护理,试验组在参照组基础上采用家庭护理干预。对比两组护理满意度、中文版糖尿病自护行为量表评分、临床指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))、甘油三酯(TG)]、并发症发生率。结果:试验组护理满意度高于参照组(P=0.020)。试验组饮食控制、规律运动、血糖检测、遵医嘱服药、血糖异常评分均高于参照组(P<0.001)。护理前,两组FBG、2 hPBG、HbA_(1c)、TG水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组FBG、2 hPBG、HbA_(1c)、TG水平降低,试验组低于参照组(P<0.05)。试验组并发症发生率低于参照组(P=0.018)。结论:家庭护理干预在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果较好,能够提高患者的护理满意度及自我管理能力,控制血糖,减少并发症。