In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeabilit...In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
The blood-testis barrier （BTB） is found between adjacent Sertoli cells in the testis where it creates a unique microenvironment for the development and maturation of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in seminiferou...The blood-testis barrier （BTB） is found between adjacent Sertoli cells in the testis where it creates a unique microenvironment for the development and maturation of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in seminiferous tubes. It is a compound proteinous structure, composed of several types of cell junctions including tight junctions （TJs）, adhesion junctions and gap junctions （GJs）. Some of the junctional proteins function as structural proteins of BTB and some have regulatory roles. The deletion or functional silencing of genes encoding these proteins may disrupt the BTB, which may cause immunological or other damages to meiotic and postmeiotic cells and ultimately lead to spermatogenic arrest and infertility. In this review, we will summarize the findings on the BTB structure and function from genetically-modified mouse models and discuss the future perspectives.展开更多
Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic pulse （EMP） exposure on the permeability of blood-testicle barrier （BTB） in mice. Methods Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with...Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic pulse （EMP） exposure on the permeability of blood-testicle barrier （BTB） in mice. Methods Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with 2 seconds interval. The mice were injected with 2% Evans Blue solution through caudal vein at different time points after exposure, and the permeability of BTB was monitored using a fluorescence microscope. The testis sample for the transmission electron microscopy was prepared at 2 h after EMP exposure. The permeability of BTB in mice was observed by using Evans Blue tracer and lanthanum nitrate tracer. Results After exposure, cloudy Evans Blue was found in the testicle convoluted seminiferous tubule of mice. Lanthanum nitrate was observed not only between testicle spermatogonia near seminiferous tubule wall and sertoli cells, but also between sertoli cells and primary spermatocyte or secondary spermatocyte. In contrast, lanthanum nitrate in control group was only found in the testicle sertoli cells between seminiferous tubule and near seminifdrous tubule wall. Conclusion EMP exposure could increase the permeability of BTB in the mice.展开更多
目的探讨细胞连接相关蛋白在不同发育阶段小鼠睾丸中的表达模式。方法 Western blot检测并分析1~6周龄小鼠睾丸、原代支持细胞以及小鼠精原细胞系GC1 spg、精母细胞系GC2 spg、间质细胞系TM3、支持细胞系TM4等4种生殖相关细胞系中细胞...目的探讨细胞连接相关蛋白在不同发育阶段小鼠睾丸中的表达模式。方法 Western blot检测并分析1~6周龄小鼠睾丸、原代支持细胞以及小鼠精原细胞系GC1 spg、精母细胞系GC2 spg、间质细胞系TM3、支持细胞系TM4等4种生殖相关细胞系中细胞连接相关蛋白的表达水平。结果小鼠睾丸曲细精管中支持细胞间细胞连接相关膜蛋白连接黏附分子A、紧密连接蛋白Occludin和Claudin,以及支持细胞-生精细胞间细胞连接相关膜蛋白连接黏附分子C、连接蛋白Nectin-3和钙黏附蛋白E的表达表现出明显的阶段特异性。而参与细胞连接的调节蛋白紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、Afadin、β链蛋白和CD2相关蛋白在睾丸的不同发育阶段以及生殖细胞系中表达无差异。结论小鼠睾丸曲细精管中支持细胞间以及支持细胞-生精细胞间细胞连接相关的膜蛋白多表现出明显的阶段特异性。而参与细胞连接的调节蛋白在睾丸的不同发育阶段中表达无差异。展开更多
目的:探讨4G手机射频电磁辐射阴囊暴露对成年大鼠睾丸的直接影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及暴露组,建立阴囊局部暴露模型,暴露组接受6 h/d的辐射,共150 d。分析精液质量和生精上皮变化;检测抗氧化酶-过氧化物水平及血-睾屏障蛋...目的:探讨4G手机射频电磁辐射阴囊暴露对成年大鼠睾丸的直接影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及暴露组,建立阴囊局部暴露模型,暴露组接受6 h/d的辐射,共150 d。分析精液质量和生精上皮变化;检测抗氧化酶-过氧化物水平及血-睾屏障蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组相比,暴露组精子浓度(6.39±0.82 vs 4.74±0.87)(×10^(7)/ml)、活率(62.11±8.82 vs 41.44±7.33)(%)、总活力(55.71±7.39 vs 36.22±6.36)(%)及正常形态精子百分率(84.89±5.11 vs 70.78±8.11)(%)明显降低(P<0.05);暴露组Johnsen评分明显减低(8.38±0.98 vs 6.11±1.56,P<0.05),Coentino评分明显增高(1.36±0.21 vs 1.81±0.34,P<0.05);暴露组MDA水平明显上升(P<0.05),SOD、GSH及CAT水平明显下降(P<0.05);暴露组Occludin、ZO-1、CAR及N-Cadherin水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:4G手机射频电磁辐射阴囊局部暴露可直接导致成年睾丸损伤、血-睾屏障紊乱及精子质量下降,造成大鼠生育力下降。展开更多
文摘In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program （Nos. 2013CB947900, 2013CB945502 and 2014CB943101） of China （973）, by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31371519） and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. KSCX2-EW-R-07）.
文摘The blood-testis barrier （BTB） is found between adjacent Sertoli cells in the testis where it creates a unique microenvironment for the development and maturation of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in seminiferous tubes. It is a compound proteinous structure, composed of several types of cell junctions including tight junctions （TJs）, adhesion junctions and gap junctions （GJs）. Some of the junctional proteins function as structural proteins of BTB and some have regulatory roles. The deletion or functional silencing of genes encoding these proteins may disrupt the BTB, which may cause immunological or other damages to meiotic and postmeiotic cells and ultimately lead to spermatogenic arrest and infertility. In this review, we will summarize the findings on the BTB structure and function from genetically-modified mouse models and discuss the future perspectives.
基金This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (No. 2007C267)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60601026)National 863 Project (No. 2006 AA0224C3)
文摘Objective To study the effect of electromagnetic pulse （EMP） exposure on the permeability of blood-testicle barrier （BTB） in mice. Methods Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with 2 seconds interval. The mice were injected with 2% Evans Blue solution through caudal vein at different time points after exposure, and the permeability of BTB was monitored using a fluorescence microscope. The testis sample for the transmission electron microscopy was prepared at 2 h after EMP exposure. The permeability of BTB in mice was observed by using Evans Blue tracer and lanthanum nitrate tracer. Results After exposure, cloudy Evans Blue was found in the testicle convoluted seminiferous tubule of mice. Lanthanum nitrate was observed not only between testicle spermatogonia near seminiferous tubule wall and sertoli cells, but also between sertoli cells and primary spermatocyte or secondary spermatocyte. In contrast, lanthanum nitrate in control group was only found in the testicle sertoli cells between seminiferous tubule and near seminifdrous tubule wall. Conclusion EMP exposure could increase the permeability of BTB in the mice.
文摘目的探讨细胞连接相关蛋白在不同发育阶段小鼠睾丸中的表达模式。方法 Western blot检测并分析1~6周龄小鼠睾丸、原代支持细胞以及小鼠精原细胞系GC1 spg、精母细胞系GC2 spg、间质细胞系TM3、支持细胞系TM4等4种生殖相关细胞系中细胞连接相关蛋白的表达水平。结果小鼠睾丸曲细精管中支持细胞间细胞连接相关膜蛋白连接黏附分子A、紧密连接蛋白Occludin和Claudin,以及支持细胞-生精细胞间细胞连接相关膜蛋白连接黏附分子C、连接蛋白Nectin-3和钙黏附蛋白E的表达表现出明显的阶段特异性。而参与细胞连接的调节蛋白紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、Afadin、β链蛋白和CD2相关蛋白在睾丸的不同发育阶段以及生殖细胞系中表达无差异。结论小鼠睾丸曲细精管中支持细胞间以及支持细胞-生精细胞间细胞连接相关的膜蛋白多表现出明显的阶段特异性。而参与细胞连接的调节蛋白在睾丸的不同发育阶段中表达无差异。
文摘目的:探讨4G手机射频电磁辐射阴囊暴露对成年大鼠睾丸的直接影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组及暴露组,建立阴囊局部暴露模型,暴露组接受6 h/d的辐射,共150 d。分析精液质量和生精上皮变化;检测抗氧化酶-过氧化物水平及血-睾屏障蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组相比,暴露组精子浓度(6.39±0.82 vs 4.74±0.87)(×10^(7)/ml)、活率(62.11±8.82 vs 41.44±7.33)(%)、总活力(55.71±7.39 vs 36.22±6.36)(%)及正常形态精子百分率(84.89±5.11 vs 70.78±8.11)(%)明显降低(P<0.05);暴露组Johnsen评分明显减低(8.38±0.98 vs 6.11±1.56,P<0.05),Coentino评分明显增高(1.36±0.21 vs 1.81±0.34,P<0.05);暴露组MDA水平明显上升(P<0.05),SOD、GSH及CAT水平明显下降(P<0.05);暴露组Occludin、ZO-1、CAR及N-Cadherin水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:4G手机射频电磁辐射阴囊局部暴露可直接导致成年睾丸损伤、血-睾屏障紊乱及精子质量下降,造成大鼠生育力下降。
