Simulation of Variable Viscosity and Jeffrey Fluid Model for Blood Flow Through a Tapered Artery with a Stenosis

Non-Newtonian fluid model for blood flow through a tapered artery with a stenosis and variable viscosity by modeling blood as Jeffrey fluid has been studied in this paper. The Jeffrey fluid has two parameters, the relaxation time A1 and retardation time A2. The governing equations are simplified using the case of mild stenosis. Perturbation method is used to solve the resulting equations. The effects of non-Newtonian nature of blood on velocity profile, temperature profile, wall shear stress, shearing stress at the stenotsis throat and impedance of the artery are discussed. The results for Newtonian fluid are obtained as special case from this model.

Grounding the Human Body during Yoga Exercise with a Grounded Yoga Mat Reduces Blood Viscosity

Objective: Research continues to show that being connected to the earth can increase the potential of the body to scavenge free radicals. This study examined the effect of just one hour of grounding on blood viscosity while subjects participated in gentle yoga exercises designed to initiate minor inflammation. Design: In this double blind model, twenty-eight (28) subjects met at the Bowerman Sports Medicine Clinic on the campus of the University of Oregon and were grounded to the earth via contact with a grounded yoga mat or were sham-grounded. Ten yoga exercises were repeated five times over a one-hour period. Blood was taken pre and post exercise and analyzed for blood viscosity using a scanning capillary viscometer. Results: Subjects connected to the earth significantly reduced their post exercise systolic blood viscosity (p = 0.03) and diastolic blood viscosity (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Grounding has the ability to affect exercise induced inflammation, thereby reducing blood viscosity.

Study on relation between blood viscosity and blood resistivity under the condition of large samples

The relation between blood viscosity and blood resistivity under the condition of large clinic samples is studied in this paper. Through processing and calculating the data of blood viscosity and blood resistivity, a quantitative equation between blood viscosity and blood resistivity can be regressed. Then, on the basis of this relation, the non invasive measurement of blood viscosity can be achieved by the means of plethysmography.

THE STUDY ON A FAST BLOOD VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTINSTRUMENT

Blood viscosity, measurement is of great significance for diagnosing manydiseases. Traditional methods such as cone method, capillary method have manyshortcomings. In this paper, after establishing a model of blood movement in. capillaryat a non-steady state, we develop a new type of blood viscometer. The instrument canmeasure blood viscosity in vivo rapidly and accurately. Moreover, the results canreflect the non-Newton property of blood.

Effect of Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem on endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Objective: To discuss the effect of Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem on endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Methods: A total of 150 patients with unstable angina pectoris who were treated in the hospital between February 2014 and February 2017 were divided into the control group (n=75) and the research group (n=75) according to the random number table method. Control group received clinical conventional therapy, research group received Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem therapy on the basis of conventional therapy, and both groups received 3 months of treatment. Differences in endothelial function, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, the differences in serum levels of endothelial function indexes, blood viscosity indexes and lipid metabolism indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 3 months of treatment, serum NO level of research group was higher than that of control group while ET-1 level was lower than that of control group;serum blood viscosity index TXB2 content of research group was lower than that of control group while PGI2 content was higher than that of control group;serum lipid metabolism indexes TG, TC and LDL-C contents of research group were lower than those of control group while HDL-C content was higher than that of control group. Conclusion: Yixinkangtai Capsule combined with diltiazem therapy can effectively optimize the endothelial function, reduce the blood viscosity and balance the lipid metabolism in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Effect of Liangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome

Objective:To investigate the effects of Uangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome induced by mutifactor stimuli.Methods:SD rats were divided into control, model,Uangxuehuayu Recipe(high,middle and low dose,18,9,4.S g/kg accordingly).Except the control group,blood stasis model was established in the rest groups.The hemorheological parameters were measured and compared.Results:Blood viscosity at high,moderate and low level in rats with blood stasis significantly increased(P【0.05),but blood viscosity at high level and plasma viscosity was significantly decreased in rats induced by some stimuli after Uangxuehuayu Recipe were intra-gastrically administered for I weeks(P【0.01,P【0.05). Conclusions:Uangxuehuayu Recipe is effective in improving hemorheology,and has important application value in the prevention of occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.

Experimental Study of Cavitation Phenomenon in a Centrifugal Blood Pump Induced by the Failure of Inlet Cannula

Cavitation of centrifugal blood pump is a serious problem accompany with the blocking failure of short inlet cannula. However, hardly any work has been seen in published literature on this complex cavitation phenomenon caused by the coupling effect of inlet cannula blocking and pumps suction. Even for cavitation studies on ordinary centrifugal pumps, similar researches on this issue are rare. In this paper, the roles of throttling, rotation speed and fluid viscosity on bubble inception and intensity in a centrifugal blood pump are studied, on the basis of experimental observations. An adjustable throttle valve installed just upstream blood pump inlet is used to simulate the throttling effect of the narrowed inlet cannula. The rotation speed is adjusted from 2 600 r/rain to 3 200 r/min. Glycerin water solutions are used to investigate the influences of kinetic viscosity. Bubbles are recorded with a high-speed video camera. Direct observation shows that different from cavitation in industrial centrifugal pumps, gas nuclei appears at the nearby of vane leading edges while throttling is light, then moves upstream to the joint position of inlet pipe and pump with the closing of the valve. It＇s found that the critical inlet pressure, obtained when bubbles are first observed, decreases linearly with viscosity and the slope is independent with rotation speeds; the critical inlet pressure and the inlet extreme pressure which is obtained when the throttle valve is nearly closed, fall linearly with rotation speed respectively and the relative pressure between them is independent with rotation speed and fluid viscosity. This paper studies experimentally on cavitation in centrifugal blood pump that caused by the failure of assembled short inlet cannula, which mav beneficial the desima of centrifugal blood Dumo with inlet cannula.

An Experimental Study on Drugs for Improving Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis in Treating Mild Chronic Hepatic Damage

Large and small doses of drugs for improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis were used in model rats to treat mild chronic hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results show that large dose of Dang Gui ([symbol: see text] Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Dan Shen ([symbol: see text] Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (drugs for regulating blood flow) and small dose of Yu Jin ([symbol: see text] Radix Curcumae) and Niu Xi ([symbol: see text] Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) (drugs for activating blood flow) can significantly elevate the activity of SOD (P

Influence of carbonyl stress on rheological alterations of blood materials and decarbonylation effect of glutathione

The effects of various toxic carbonyls such as malondialdehyde(MDA),a secondary product of lipid peroxidation,and other aldehydes on rheological parameters and their relationship with aging-associated alterations were studied.Both MDA and glutaraldehyde(Glu) in different concentrations significantly increase viscosity,plastic viscosity and yield stress of human plasma and erythrocyte suspensions.MDA(20 mmol/L) reduces sharply the typical fluorescence of proteins(excitation 280 nm/emission 350 nm),and produces age pigment-like fluorescence with a strong emission peak at 460 nm when excites at 395 nm by only being incubated for some hours.In contrast,Glu decreases merely the fluorescence of proteins without producing age pigment-like fluorescence.These data suggest interestingly that the MDA-induced gradual protein cross linking seems to form from different mechanisms compared to the fast rheological changes of blood materials which may take place either in acute and chronic diseases or during aging.On the other hand,MDA induces various deleterious alterations of erythrocytes whereas glutathione(GSH) inhibits the MDA-related carbonyl stress in a concentration-dependent manner.The results indicate that carbonyl-amino reaction exists in the blood widely and GSH has the ability to interrupt or reverse this reaction in a certain way.It implies that carbonyl stress may be one of the important factors in blood stasis and suggests a theoretical and practical approach in anti-stresses and anti-aging.

Influence of ozone on the rheological and electrical properties of stored human blood

Blood stored in a blood bank undergoes a series of chemical changes and storage lesions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ozone on the rheological and electrical properties of stored human blood. Venous blood samples, obtained from three healthy humans, were treated with different concentrations of ozone （30, 50, 70 and 80 ~tg/mL） for three weeks in vitro. Ozone was generated from portable medical-grade oxygen using elec- trical corona arc discharge. The ultraviolet-visible absorption of hemoglobin in the wavelength of 300-700 nm showed that ozone in this range did not interact with iron ions and it was not toxic below the concentration of 80 ~tg/mL. The changes of blood viscosity were also measured. The electrical conductivity and permittivity, in the frequency range from 5 to 50 MHz, were measured in the control and treated samples subjected to different concentrations of ozone at different stored periods. The results showed that the conductivity and permittivity measurements may serve as a useful indicator in the quality assessment of blood samples stored in the blood bank.

Mathematical Model of Blood Flow in Small Blood Vessel in the Presence of Magnetic Field

A mathematical model for blood flow in the small blood vessel in the presence of magnetic field is presented in this paper. We have modeled the two phase model for the blood flow consists of a central core of suspended erythrocytes and cell-free layer surrounding the core. The system of differential equations has been solved analytically. We have obtained the result for velocity, flow rate and effective viscosity in presence of peripheral layer and magnetic field .All the result has been obtained and discussed through graphs.

THE GLOBAL EXISTENCE OF BV SOLUTIONS OF THE ISENTROPIC p-SYSTEM WITH LARGE INITIAL DATA

In this paper,we study the global existence of BV solutions of the initial value problem for the isentropic p-system,where the state equation of the gas is given by P=Av^(-γ).Forγ>1,the general existence result for large initial data has not been obtained.By using the Glimm scheme,Nishida,Smoller and Diperna successively obtained the global existence results for(γ-1)TV(v_(0)(x),u_(0)(x))being small.In the present paper,by adopting a rescaling technique,we improve these results and obtain the global existence result under the condition that(γ-1)^(γ+1)(TV(v_(0)(x)))~(γ-1)(TV(u_(0)(x)))^(2) is small,which implies that,for fixedγ>1,either TV(v_(0)(x))or TV(u_(0)(x))can be arbitrarily large.

Thirty-six Cases of Hyperglycemia Treated by Promoting Blood Circulation to Remove Stasis

Thirty-six cases with hyperglycemia were treated with the method of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis in a course of 4 weeks. The treatment was significantly effective in correcting the abnormal viscosity of the blood by reducing the contents of total plasmic cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and apoprotein B (apoB), while the level of the apoprotein A (apoA) was elevated.

Considerations on Blood Platelets: A Neuron’s Mirror for Mood Disorders?

This work aims to be a reflection concerning a remarkable similarity between platelet and neuron. Through a series of experimental tests which have affected the fatty acid composition of the membrane of platelets, it was possible to provide a contribution to the scientific literature, which had already reported strong similarities between platelet and neuron. The work performed could be of great interest to investigate, by studying the interactome of the platelet, the molecular behavior of the neuron.

The Rheological Behavior of Human Blood—Comparison of Two Models

The flow of blood continues to arouse much interest among researchers in rheology, fluid mechanics and medicine. Existing models of the apparent viscosity versus shear stress are numerous, and we have chosen to discuss the Carreau-Gambaruto model and the Quemada model. The comparison between models and viscosity measurements shows discordance for shear rates below a few tenths of s?1. The existence of an inflection point on the experimental curve is probably related to a system relaxation due to the rupture of red blood cells structure named rouleaux. This work suggests us to adapt these models for the weak shear rates.

Effects of Nitroglycerine on Erythrocyte Rheology:A Novel Mechanism to Explain the Enhancement of Nutrient Blood Flow to Ischemic Zones

Objectives Nitroglycerine (NTG) enhances coronary blood flow to compromised myocardium is important in relieving ischemia. However, the mechanism for this increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) is not well defined. In small vessels and capillaries, relative blood viscosity plays a very important role in determining myocardial vascular resistance (MVR). MVR reduce is due partly to the increase in negative charge of erythrocyte surface. We therefore hypothesized that the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia during NTG is partly secondary to reduced MVR and blood flow viscosity. The latter is affected by the negative charge of erythrocyte surface. Methods 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis (group 1) and 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis and LCx occmusion (group 2) were studied. At baseline and during intracoronary infusions of NTG (0.3-0.6 μg·kg-1·min-1), hemodynamics, MBF (mL·min-1·g-1), whole blood viscosity (WBη, mPa. S), elongation index (EI), eletrophoretic mobility of erythocytes (EME, [μ.s-1)/(V.cm-1)]) and percent wall thickening (%WT) were determined. MVR was calculated using driving pressure/MBF. Results As compared to baseline, no changes in hemodynamics were seen during NTG. MBF increased and MVR decreased significantly in normal bed, the central 25% and the entire of stenosed bed (P<0.05), with a decrease in WBη in both group 1 and group 2 dogs (18.6±9.7 % and 19.2±14.5 %, respectively). However, the % decrease in WBη was proportioned to the % increase in MBF or the % decrease in MVR only in the central 25% of stenosed bed (r=0.87, P<0.001), but not in the entire stenosed bed and normal bed. EI did not show statistically significant differences between during NTG and at baseline, but EME did increase. And the % decrease in WBη during NTG was related to the % increase in EME (r=0.83, P=0.01). Conclusions NTG reduced myocardial vascular resistance and blood viscosity due to the change of negative charge of erythrocyte surface may, in part, be the mechanism of the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia. These results provide additional insights into the complex anti-ischemic effects of NTG.

中华跌打丸活血化瘀作用的实验研究

目的:观察中华跌打丸对大鼠急性血瘀模型的体外血栓形成、血液黏度、血小板聚集率和对小鼠微循环障碍模型耳郭微循环的影响,评价中华跌打丸活血化瘀的作用。方法:通过注射肾上腺素加冰水刺激的方法建立大鼠急性血瘀模型,测定体外血栓形成和血液黏度;按照Born氏比浊法加入诱导剂诱导聚集测定大鼠血小板聚集率;尾静脉注射15%高分子右旋糖酐造成微循环障碍,观察小鼠耳郭各时段微动脉和微静脉管血液流速和血管管径的变化。结果:中华跌打丸可降低血瘀模型大鼠的血液黏度,在切变率150 S^(-1)、60 S^(-1)及5 S^(-1)下的全血黏度均显著降低(P<0.05),明显缩短血瘀模型大鼠血栓长度,减轻血栓湿重和干重(P<0.05,P<0.01);中华跌打丸具有抑制血小板聚集的作用,各剂量均能明显降低ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集率(P<0.05,P<0.01);中华跌打丸对高分子右旋糖酐所致小鼠耳郭微循环障碍有明显改善作用,于造模10 min、20 min、30 min时增加血液流速(P<0.05,P<0.01),扩大微动脉、微静脉管径(P<0.05,P<0.01),减轻红细胞聚集(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:中华跌打丸可明显改善血液黏度,抑制血小板聚集,改善微循环障碍,有较好的活血化瘀作用。

内异方联合米非司酮片治疗子宫内膜异位症临床研究

目的:观察内异方联合米非司酮片治疗子宫内膜异位症(EMT)的临床疗效。方法:选取108例EMT患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各54例。对照组给予米非司酮片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合内异方治疗,治疗3个月经周期。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、疼痛介质、血液黏度、血清相关因子水平。结果:治疗后,2组小腹胀痛、经血量少、经血夹血块评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组小腹胀痛、经血量少、经血夹血块评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组神经生长因子(NGF)、前列腺素F_(2α)(PGF_(2α))、前列腺素E2 (PGE2)水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组NGF、PGF_(2α)、PGE2水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血浆黏度、高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组血浆黏度、高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清视黄醇结合蛋白4 (RBP4)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1 (MCP-1)、细胞间黏附相关因子(ICAM-1)水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组血清RBP4、MCP-1、ICAM-1水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:内异方可改善EMT患者临床症状,调节疼痛介质及血液黏度,调控血清相关因子水平。

不同类型临床样本来源肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性和毒力分析

目的分析不同类型临床样本来源肺炎克雷伯菌(KP)的耐药性、生物膜形成能力、毒力基因和耐药基因的携带特点,及其相互间的联系,为控制医院内感染提供参考。方法收集2021年11月—2022年9月新乡市3家教学医院分离自痰液、尿液(中段尿)和血液样本的148株KP。采用全自动微生物鉴定系统进行细菌鉴定和药物敏感性分析,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测菌株荚膜血清型、毒力基因和耐药基因,采用拉丝试验检测菌株高黏液表型,采用结晶紫染色法检测菌株生物膜的形成情况。结果148株KP中,有55株(37.2%)分离自痰液样本,40株(27.0%)分离自血液样本,53株(35.8%)分离自尿液样本。尿液样本的强生物膜形成菌株分离率(54.3%)高于痰液样本(27.5%)和血液样本(29.7%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.023);耐药率(69.8%)高于分离自痰液样本的菌株(49.1%)(P=0.028)。携带率(85.8%)最高的耐药基因是blaSHV-1。分离自痰液样本的KP毒力基因iroN、rmpA检出率高于尿液样本(P=0.004)和血液样本(P=0.012);wabG、fimH和mrkD基因携带率均>93.2%。携带iroN、iucA、rmpA基因和K1、K2血清型的KP对抗菌药物较敏感,且易检出高黏液表型(P<0.05)。高黏液表型KP菌株同时携带4种及以上毒力基因的构成比高于非高黏液表型KP菌株(P<0.001),且对抗菌药物更敏感(P<0.05)。74.5%的痰液样本来源KP同时携带4种及以上毒力基因,高于血液样本来源(52.5%)和尿液样本来源(49.1%)的KP(P=0.016);形成生物膜的KP菌株wabG、mrkD、uge和fimH基因携带率更高(P<0.05)。结论尿液样本来源的KP耐药率较高,且易形成强生物膜。某些特定毒力基因普遍存在于KP临床分离株中。痰液样本来源的KP毒力基因构成复杂,iroN、rmpA基因与呼吸系统KP感染有一定关系。iroN、iucA、rmpA基因和K1、K2血清型与KP高黏液表型有关,且携带此类基因和血清型的KP菌株对抗菌药物更敏感。