基于Bloom目标理论结合CBL教学法在皮肤科本科教学中的应用

目的研究皮肤病学本科生教育中Bloom目标理论结合案例式协作教学法(CBL)的应用效果。方法选取2018级学习《皮肤病与性病》课程并在皮肤科见习的全日制本科医学生60人,随机分成2组,每组30人,研究组为基于Bloom的CBL教学模式,对照组为传统教学模式。课程完成后,学生进行理论知识、实践操作考试及问卷调查教师及学生的满意度。结果与对照组比较,研究组的理论知识和技能操作成绩均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,教师和医学生对教学过程及考核成绩的主观满意度评分,研究组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于Bloom目标理论的CBL教学模式,可提高医学生的理论知识和实践能力,提升教学过程中学生和教师的满意度,从而提高教学质量。

英语句型的拓展方式及其练习活动设计

英语有系统的句型结构,主要包含简单句、复杂句和复合句三种句型。每种句型都遵循一定的句型拓展规律和思维模式。简单句的组建主要依赖动词完成,动词组建信息的多少常决定简单句的复杂程度。复杂句的产生源自简单句句子成分的复杂化和对词汇或主句等修饰限定成分的增加。复合句常由多个独立语句按照逻辑关系组建而成。清晰了解英语句型的拓展方式有助于教师改进句型教学方法。同时,在教学中,按照Bloom的教育目标分类,遵循从易到难的学习认知规律,设计各种句型拓展练习和活动,引导学生从记忆、理解应用、分析创造、评价层面训练掌握句型。

高校计算机专业人才培养模式探讨——基于Bloom分类法的质量评价体系

随着大数据和人工智能技术的快速发展,培养高校计算机专业人才的重要性日益突出。然而,现有的培养质量评价体系往往缺乏系统性和科学性,难以全面反映学生的综合能力。研究结合教务管理视角和利用Bloom认知领域分类方法,将人才培养的认知过程分为记忆、理解、应用、分析、评价和创造六个层次。通过专家访谈和德尔菲法确定了每个认知层次的具体评价指标,共提取出18项指标。通过数据收集和实证分析,评估了学生在各认知层次的表现。结果表明,三年级学生在所有认知层次的平均表现最佳,反映出其丰富的学习经验和实践技能。分析还显示,学生在高阶认知层次的表现存在显著差异,A1指标的变异系数为0.23,而F3指标为0.84。这表明高阶认知活动对学生的要求更高,个体差异显著。通过各指标间的相关性分析发现,项目中工具使用的熟练程度与其他指标强相关。Bloom认知领域分类体系能够反映学生的综合能力,为高校后续教务和教学管理提供科学的评价方法。

学习型过滤器综述

作为一种高效的概率性结构,过滤器可以高效地解决近似集合成员查询问题。近年来,随着机器学习技术的发展,一些学习型过滤器表现出色,超越了传统的过滤器。这些学习型过滤器考虑数据分布信息,将集合成员查询问题视为二分类问题,实现了超越传统过滤器的性能。受此启发,学习型过滤器研究领域迅速发展,出现了多个变种。然而,目前还缺乏对近些年相关工作的系统性回顾和比较。为了填补上述空缺,文中全面回顾了近年来的学习型过滤器相关工作,并展望了未来的发展方向。

Plant allelochemicals inhibit the growth and colony formation of Microcystis

Genus Microcystis is the most common dominant species of bloom-forming cyanobacteria.Growth and colony formation are critical processes for the occurrence of Microcystis blooms.To identify allelochemicals that can inhibit the growth and colony formation of Microcystis,Microcystis aeruginosa was cultivated and treated with various concentrations of gramine,catechol,berberine,and sanguinarine in laboratory.Results indicate that the growth,colony formation,and extracellular polysaccharides(EPS)content of Microcystis were significantly inhibited when treated with gramine,catechol,and berberine in appropriate concentrations at high iron level(6.8 mg/L).Microcystis growth was inhibited and colony formation and EPS content were promoted when treated with sanguinarine at high iron level.These findings suggest that cyanobacterial blooms can be controlled by regulating the input of gramine,catechol,and berberine.Furthermore,this study revealed that plant allelochemicals could affect the growth and morphology of algae in aquatic ecological restoration,which may be potentially important for improving water quality.

Changes in the ecosystem structure and function of a cyanobacteria bloom-dominated,shallow lake after tenyear eutrophication management

Large and shallow lakes are widely influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors,including eutrophication.Normally,diverse strategies of eutrophication management are needed to restore the lake ecosystems.Dianchi Lake,a subtropical plateau lake in Yunnan Province,SW China,has long experienced the effects of eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms.To mitigate the eutrophication of Dianchi Lake,various efforts have been implemented since 2000,including reducing nutrient inputs,reestablishing aquatic macrophytes in lakeside zones,manipulating fishes and so on.However,little is known about the changes in its ecosystem structure and function after long-term efforts of eutrophication management in the lake.Therefore,this study on such changes was conducted by comparing the field data-based Ecopath models between 2009 and 2019,a decade marked by a rapid implementation of eutrophication management policies.Results show that both top-down and bottom-up processes have influenced the ecosystem structure and function.First,over this decade,nutrient reduction significantly reduced phytoplankton biomass by 49.4%.Nutrient recycling and path length in food web began to decrease,as indicated by the decrease of Finn's cycling index and Finn's mean path length.Secondly,fishing management strategy has greatly changed the composition of fish assemblage,which was dominated by the small zooplantivorous fishes with ecological niche overlapping with shrimps.In general,the stability of the ecosystem has been decreasing,due to the dramatic decrease in zooplankton biomass(83.67%)and hence a collapse of the microbial loop in the food web.Therefore,we strongly advocate the persistent efforts to mitigate the risk of recurrent cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake,necessitating stricter regulation of nutrient levels and implementing effective fish population management techniques.

Successional conditions of Dolichospermum and Microcystis in Taihu Lake,China

Dolichospermum spp.and Microcystis spp.are two common cyanobacteria that form blooms in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River basin,but the environmental conditions for their succession in large lakes are still unclear.Based on daily monitoring data from Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake from March to June,2016-2018,we studied the environmental conditions necessary for the succession of these two cyanobacteria.Results show that from March to June,the dominant genera of cyanobacteria experienced succession and co-dominated with Microcystis.The succession process included three stages.In StageⅠ,the biomass of Dolichospermum and Microcystis was similar(March),but Dolichospermum was dominant for most of the period.In StageⅡ,dominance alternated between Dolichospermum and Microcystis(April to mid-May).In StageⅢ,the biomass of Microcystis dominated(mid-May to June).In addition,temperature and nutrients across the three stages varied significantly.The average temperature increased continuously from 10.9 to 18.4,and to 24.2℃.The total nitrogen content decreased from 2.87 to 2.40,and to 1.86 mg/L.The total phosphorus content increased from 0.08 to 0.09,and to 0.12 mg/L.Correlation analysis revealed that Microcystis biomass was positively correlated with temperature and total phosphorus.Dolichospermum biomass was positively correlated with total nitrogen.Classification and regression tree displays that when the temperature was below 18.1℃,Dolichospermum dominated;above 18.1℃,Microcystis took over.Further analysis revealed that when temperature reached 18℃,the biomass of Microcystis increased exponentially,and the biomass of Dolichospermum exhibited a Gaussian distribution trend.This finding indicated that temperature was the key factor in the succession of Dolichospermum and Microcystis in nutrient-rich shallow lakes.As nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decrease,the dominant species of cyanobacteria will diversify its development.The results of this study provide a foundation for risk prediction and control strategies for cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and reservoirs.

Phytoplankton functional groups in Poyang Lake:succession and driving factors

Phytoplankton functional groups have gained increasing attention in recent years.To understand the composition of phytoplankton functional groups in Poyang Lake and their drivers,field investigations were conducted over three years:2013,2014,and 2016.Phytoplankton were dominated by diatoms,contributing from 20.19%to 57.57%of the total biomass,followed by cyanobacteria,9.81%-39.98%.Microcystis sp.and Anabaena sp.were the dominant species among cyanobacteria.Twenty-six functional groups were identified among 72 genera or species,and fiver groups(P,B,MP,H1,and G)were categorized dominant.All of dominant groups except H1 were tolerate highly fluctuating mixing intensities and showed a typical monthly succession variation.Water temperature,water level,and nutrients are key drivers for the variation of phytoplankton communities at taxonomic and functional levels.Both of redundancy and variation partitioning analyses showed that environmental variables might explain functional groups better than taxonomic communities,implying that the functional groups were more advantageous in showing the effects of environmental conditions than taxonomic compositions.Hydrological conditions have a crucial influence on phytoplankton assemblage dynamics in highly variable water regime lakes,but not in the largest ones.The functional groups method is suitable for identifying the spatial and seasonal characteristics of aquatic environments that significantly affected by water regimes.

基于符号表示的可度量shapelets提取的时序分类研究

在时序分类问题中,基于符号表示的shapelets提取方法具有良好的分类精度和分类效率,但对符号进行质量度量的过程,如计算TFIDF分数,耗时较长且计算量大,导致分类效率较低。此外,提取的shapelets候选数量仍然较多,判别力有待提高。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于符号表示的可度量shapelets提取方法,该方法包含时间序列数据预处理、确定shapelets候选集和学习shapelets 3个阶段,可以快速得到高质量shapelets。在数据预处理阶段,将时间序列转化为符号聚合近似(SAX)表示以降低原始时间序列的维度。在确定shapelets候选集阶段,利用Bloom过滤器过滤重复的SAX词,并将过滤后的SAX词存储在哈希表中进行质量度量。随后,对SAX词的相似性进行判别,基于相似性和覆盖度等概念确定最终的shapelets候选集。在学习shapelets阶段,采用logistic回归模型学得真正的shapelets用于时序分类。在32个数据集上进行了大量实验,实验结果表明,所提方法的平均分类精度和平均分类效率均排名第二。与现有的基于shapelets的时序分类方法相比,该方法可以在保证精度的同时提高分类效率,并且具有良好的可解释性。

Asexual Reproduction of Aurelia coerulea Polyps in situ on Settling Plates in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Jellyfish blooms are increasingly prevalent coastal phenomena,with Aurelia coerulea being a significant contributor.The complex life history of jellyfish,featuring a sessile polyp stage,is a key factor in bloom formation,yet it is challenging to study in the field.This study aimed to describe the asexual reproduction of A.coerulea polyps in Jiaozhou Bay,China,and to assess their ability to form sedentary colonies and their relationship with environmental factors.Using settling plates,we observed polyps in situ and documented three asexual reproduction modes:budding,strobilation,and podocyst formation.Environmental parameters including temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen(DO),chlorophyll a(Chl a),and the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton were monitored.Budding was the predominant reproductive method,featuring stolon budding in autumn and direct budding during the winter and spring seasons.Strobilation took place in the colder months,releasing ephyrae between April and May.Polyp abundance was positively correlated with seawater temperature and negatively correlated with DO concentration.Polyps at 1.0 m depth showed higher survivorship and proliferation over 8 months,whereas those at 2.0 m depth experienced a steady decline and died within 4 months.The study enhances our understanding of the life cycle and asexual reproduction strategies of A.coerulea polyps in the field,with implications for predicting and managing jellyfish blooms.The findings underscore the importance of temperature and DO in polyp survival and suggest that initial polyp population proliferation is crucial for long-term survival.

基于Bloom教学理论的混合式教学方式在汽车机械基础课程中的应用研究

本文探讨了Bloom教学理论和混合式教学方式在《汽车机械基础》这门课程中的应用,通过两者的结合,改变了传统课堂教学带来的学情把握不准确、学习资源单调、评价方式单一等问题。以汽车机械基础为例,在课堂实践中创建实景,以混合式教学方法开展教学,实施多元评价。在实践中,评价分析和实证研究等证明,Bloom教学理论为混合式教学提供了坚实的理论基础,它明确了教学目标、教学顺序和教学评估的方法,对混合式教学的设计和实施有很大帮助。同时,混合式教学丰富了教师的施教方式,提高了学生对专业基础的掌握,提高了学生的自主学习能力为后续专业课程做铺垫。

Automatic area estimation of algal blooms in water bodies from UAV images using texture analysis

Algal blooms,the spread of algae on the surface of water bodies,have adverse effects not only on aquatic ecosystems but also on human life.The adverse effects of harmful algal blooms(HABs)necessitate a convenient solution for detection and monitoring.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have recently emerged as a tool for algal bloom detection,efficiently providing on-demand images at high spatiotemporal resolutions.This study developed an image processing method for algal bloom area estimation from the aerial images(obtained from the internet)captured using UAVs.As a remote sensing method of HAB detection,analysis,and monitoring,a combination of histogram and texture analyses was used to efficiently estimate the area of HABs.Statistical features like entropy(using the Kullback-Leibler method)were emphasized with the aid of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix.The results showed that the orthogonal images demonstrated fewer errors,and the morphological filter best detected algal blooms in real time,with a precision of 80%.This study provided efficient image processing approaches using on-board UAVs for HAB monitoring.

A verifiable essential secret image sharing scheme based on HLRs(VESIS-(t,s,k,n))

In traditional secret image sharing schemes,a secret image is shared among shareholders who have the same position.But if the shareholders have two different positions,essential and non‐essential,it is necessary to use essential secret image sharing schemes.In this article,a verifiable essential secret image sharing scheme based on HLRs is proposed.Shareholder's share consists of two parts.The first part is produced by the shareholders,which prevents the fraud of dealers.The second part is a shadow image that is produced by using HLRs and the first part of share.The verification of the first part of the shares is done for the first time by using multilinear and bilinear maps.Also,for verifying shadow images,Bloom Filters are used for the first time.The proposed scheme is more efficient than similar schemes,and for the first part of the shares,has formal security.

基于Bloom Filter本地差分隐私的基数估计

计算机技术和通信技术的共同发展,使得数据呈现指数大爆炸式的增长。数据中蕴含的巨大价值是有目共睹的。但是对数据集的肆意收集与分析,使用户的隐私数据处在被泄露的风险中。为保护用户的敏感数据的同时实现对基数查询的有效响应,提出一种基于差分隐私的隐私保护算法BFRRCE(Bloom Filter Random Response for Cardinality Estimation)。首先对用户的数据利用Bloom Filter数据结构进行数据预处理,然后利用本地差分隐私的扰动算法对数据进行扰动,达到保护用户敏感数据的目的。

Scientific control of cyanobacterial blooms and their secondary hazards

Cyanobacteria blooms and their secondary hazards(cyanotoxins,taste and odor compounds)continue to harm the ecological environment of natural and semi-artificially regulated water bodies in the world,thus affecting the safety of water supply and aquatic product quality.The 8 th National Cyanobacteria Bloom Forum was successfully held on July 14-16,2023,in Tianjin,China.The forum established an academic exchange platform for nearly 300 water ecology experts,reservoir managers,and aquaculture technicians.

小学英语分层作业布置探索与实践——基于Bloom教育目标分类理论与PDCA闭环管理理论

以教育目标分类理论为指导,结合PDCA闭环管理理论,设计一个包含划分学生层次、布置分层作业、实施监督、动态调整等过程的分层作业布置模型。选择两个英语成绩没有显著差别的平行班级,进行为期一个学期的实验。实验结果表明,分层作业布置可以提高学生完成作业的积极性,激发他们对作业的兴趣,提升其作业质量,提高其综合语言运用能力。

基于BOPPPS和BLOOM双模型的教育设计——以制冷原理课程为例

科学合理的教学设计是混合式教学发挥效能的基础,而BOPPPS模型是教师开展教学设计和组织课堂教学的一种有效方法。教学目标是教学设计的核心,而BLOOM认知模型可为教学目标的设计提供一种可操作性的工具。本文设计了基于BOPPPS和BLOOM双模型的混合式教学模式,并以制冷原理课程为例,详细介绍了针对具体的一节内容和一堂课,如何确立教学目标以及如何设计教学环节。本文的研究成果具备良好的可操作性,为开展混合式教学实践提供了指导、奠定了基础。

泌尿外科教学中BLOOM立体教学与传统教学的应用效果比较

研究在泌尿外科临床带教中应用BLOOM立体教学和传统教学的教学效果。方法 于2021年9月至2023年9月期间我院实施BLOOM立体教学前后各随机抽取25名实习医生,分别作为对照组(传统教学法)和观察组(BLOOM立体教学法)。结果 对比两组临床带教结果,观察组理论考核(87.31±5.22)分,实践操作(85.71±4.20)分,高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组团队合作能力(22.64±1.32)分,病情观察能力(22.87±1.32)分,医患沟通能力(22.71±1.15)分,应急处理能力(22.60±1.27)分,高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组学习动机(150.86±3.92)分,学习策略(192.45±7.19)分,高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组学生对教学的满意度(100.00%)高于对照组(76.00%)(P<0.05)。结论 泌尿外科临床带教采取BLOOM立体教学法能够全面提高学生考核成绩和综合能力,并培养学生自我学习能力,更能提高对于临床带教的满意度,提高临床带教效果,有助于学生顺利过渡至临床工作。

基于LRU-BF策略的网络流量测量算法

针对传统大流检测算法漏检率高的缺陷,提出了一种基于LRU-BF(least recent used&Bloom filter)策略的流量测量算法。该算法使用LRU淘汰机制、Bloom filter快速表示方案,将"大流过滤"和"大流判断"分离,较大地提高了测量的准确性。基于"概率论"的相关知识,对算法进行了理论分析,建立了错误概率上界的解析表达式。仿真结果表明:与传统Na ve-LRU算法相比,LRU-BF具有较低错误概率和空间复杂度的同时,也能满足单线路10Gbit/s的线速报文处理能力。

基于BloomFilter的大规模异常TCP连接参数再现方法

提出由TCP连接的唯一性导出的TCP数量平衡性测度及其经验范围可用于检测TCP连接的大规模异常,如DDoS、扫描等.使用带哈希增强算法的BloomFilterReproduction(BFR)方法对TCP连接大规模异常的参数进行快速再现,如IP地址、端口的分布等,使得在检测过程中无须维护TCP五元组的信息.实验结果表明,该方法能够以较少的资源占用和较高的准确性来揭示网络流量中混杂的多种异常现象.