A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress can be harmful for the retina. The real causal circumstances that lead to degenerative diseases like age related macular degeneration remain obscure. Whether light ...A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress can be harmful for the retina. The real causal circumstances that lead to degenerative diseases like age related macular degeneration remain obscure. Whether light induced radical stress is a direct interaction of light with photoreceptors or a secondary mechanism within the pigment epithelium or choroid is in discussion. Among the molecular mechanisms involved are production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), secondary lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA-damage. The initial trigger to write this review was first a recent finding of our group that the photoreceptor outer segments produce great amounts of ROS and second the detection of ectopic enzymes of the respiratory chainlocalized there- in addition to the hitherto known ROS sources like the visual pigments with their intermediates and the photoreceptor mitochondria harbouring the respiratory chain.展开更多
Background: The skin is the outer shell of the mammalian body and it is continuously exposed to a large spectrum of external stimuli including sun irradiation and atmospheric pollutants. These factors present deleteri...Background: The skin is the outer shell of the mammalian body and it is continuously exposed to a large spectrum of external stimuli including sun irradiation and atmospheric pollutants. These factors present deleterious effects on the cutaneous compartment by altering the skin barrier functions and accelerating the aging of the skin. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the activity of Seaberry and Water Lily extracts, here called Dermina complex, against different external stresses. Methods: Human skin explants were exposed to different stimuli including delipidation by organic solvents, blue light, atmospheric pollutants and UV-A. The activity of the Seaberry and Water Lily extracts was assessed by immunohistochemistry and by biochemical assays. Results: We showed that Dermina complex prevents the delipidation-induced filaggrin decrease, suggesting that these plant extracts exhibited barrier function protecting properties. Also, we observed that Dermina complex showed an antioxidant and DNA protection activity by decreasing the activated form of Nrf2, the oxidized proteins and the formation of γ-H2AX induced upon stress conditions. The Dermina complex also decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 alpha released in the culture medium following atmospheric pollutants and UV-A exposure confirming its anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, Dermina complex reduced the blue light-induced overexpression of opsin 3, indicating that its skin protection activities may be due, in part, to filter property against environmental stresses. Conclusions: Dermina complex shows a protective activity of the skin against different environmental stresses and these extracts may be able to slow down the aging process of the cutaneous compartment.展开更多
Objectives: Vestibular migraine is one of the most common causes of episodic vertigo in adults and even in children. Traditional;management may have a side effect on the long run. So the aim of this review is to expla...Objectives: Vestibular migraine is one of the most common causes of episodic vertigo in adults and even in children. Traditional;management may have a side effect on the long run. So the aim of this review is to explain the other non-medical lines of management for patients with migraine. Methods: English articles from Medline and Cochrane library were searched and reviewed. Results: Evidence indicates that non-traditional management has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect on migraine patients with all its steps. Conclusion: Due to the possible side effects of pharmacological drugs and drug addictions, the use of non-traditional management alone or in combination with normal cures have been proposed. However, further constructive studies are required.展开更多
Does the ER subdomain that associates with the chloroplast in vivo, hereafter referred to as the chloroplast/ER nexus, play a role in protein flow within the ER？ In studies of tobacco cells either constitutively or t...Does the ER subdomain that associates with the chloroplast in vivo, hereafter referred to as the chloroplast/ER nexus, play a role in protein flow within the ER？ In studies of tobacco cells either constitutively or transiently expressing ER-retained luminal, GFP-HDEL, or trans-membrane, YFP-RHD3, fluorescent fusion proteins, brief 405-nm （3-6-mW） laser stimulation of the nexus causes a qualitative difference in the movement and behavior of proteins in the ER. Photostimulating the nexus produces fluorescent protein punctate aggregates （boluses） within the lumen and membrane of the ER. The aggregation propagates through the membrane network throughout the cell, but within minutes can revert to normal, with disaggregation propagating back toward the originally photostimulated nexus. In the meantime, the ER grows and anastomoses around the chloroplast, forming a dense cisternal and tubular network. If this network is again photostimulated, bolus formation does not recur and, if the photostimulation results in photobleaching, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching occurs as it would typically in areas away from the nexus. Bolus propagation is not mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, but can be reversed by pre-conditioning the cells for 30 min with high, 40-45℃, temperature （heat stress）. Because it is not reversed with heat stress, the reorganization of the ER at the nexus following photostimulation is a separate event.展开更多
文摘A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress can be harmful for the retina. The real causal circumstances that lead to degenerative diseases like age related macular degeneration remain obscure. Whether light induced radical stress is a direct interaction of light with photoreceptors or a secondary mechanism within the pigment epithelium or choroid is in discussion. Among the molecular mechanisms involved are production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), secondary lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA-damage. The initial trigger to write this review was first a recent finding of our group that the photoreceptor outer segments produce great amounts of ROS and second the detection of ectopic enzymes of the respiratory chainlocalized there- in addition to the hitherto known ROS sources like the visual pigments with their intermediates and the photoreceptor mitochondria harbouring the respiratory chain.
文摘Background: The skin is the outer shell of the mammalian body and it is continuously exposed to a large spectrum of external stimuli including sun irradiation and atmospheric pollutants. These factors present deleterious effects on the cutaneous compartment by altering the skin barrier functions and accelerating the aging of the skin. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the activity of Seaberry and Water Lily extracts, here called Dermina complex, against different external stresses. Methods: Human skin explants were exposed to different stimuli including delipidation by organic solvents, blue light, atmospheric pollutants and UV-A. The activity of the Seaberry and Water Lily extracts was assessed by immunohistochemistry and by biochemical assays. Results: We showed that Dermina complex prevents the delipidation-induced filaggrin decrease, suggesting that these plant extracts exhibited barrier function protecting properties. Also, we observed that Dermina complex showed an antioxidant and DNA protection activity by decreasing the activated form of Nrf2, the oxidized proteins and the formation of γ-H2AX induced upon stress conditions. The Dermina complex also decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 alpha released in the culture medium following atmospheric pollutants and UV-A exposure confirming its anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, Dermina complex reduced the blue light-induced overexpression of opsin 3, indicating that its skin protection activities may be due, in part, to filter property against environmental stresses. Conclusions: Dermina complex shows a protective activity of the skin against different environmental stresses and these extracts may be able to slow down the aging process of the cutaneous compartment.
文摘Objectives: Vestibular migraine is one of the most common causes of episodic vertigo in adults and even in children. Traditional;management may have a side effect on the long run. So the aim of this review is to explain the other non-medical lines of management for patients with migraine. Methods: English articles from Medline and Cochrane library were searched and reviewed. Results: Evidence indicates that non-traditional management has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect on migraine patients with all its steps. Conclusion: Due to the possible side effects of pharmacological drugs and drug addictions, the use of non-traditional management alone or in combination with normal cures have been proposed. However, further constructive studies are required.
文摘Does the ER subdomain that associates with the chloroplast in vivo, hereafter referred to as the chloroplast/ER nexus, play a role in protein flow within the ER？ In studies of tobacco cells either constitutively or transiently expressing ER-retained luminal, GFP-HDEL, or trans-membrane, YFP-RHD3, fluorescent fusion proteins, brief 405-nm （3-6-mW） laser stimulation of the nexus causes a qualitative difference in the movement and behavior of proteins in the ER. Photostimulating the nexus produces fluorescent protein punctate aggregates （boluses） within the lumen and membrane of the ER. The aggregation propagates through the membrane network throughout the cell, but within minutes can revert to normal, with disaggregation propagating back toward the originally photostimulated nexus. In the meantime, the ER grows and anastomoses around the chloroplast, forming a dense cisternal and tubular network. If this network is again photostimulated, bolus formation does not recur and, if the photostimulation results in photobleaching, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching occurs as it would typically in areas away from the nexus. Bolus propagation is not mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, but can be reversed by pre-conditioning the cells for 30 min with high, 40-45℃, temperature （heat stress）. Because it is not reversed with heat stress, the reorganization of the ER at the nexus following photostimulation is a separate event.
