Aim: In prone breast treatments, a carbon fiber support device resides under the contralateral breast. Tangent beams are designed to encompass the treated breast and these often pass through the board at a shallow ang...Aim: In prone breast treatments, a carbon fiber support device resides under the contralateral breast. Tangent beams are designed to encompass the treated breast and these often pass through the board at a shallow angle, resulting in significant attenuation. Our planners account for this attenuation by adding field-in-field dose to the deep part of the breast, through the board. Concern was raised about how accurate the treatment delivery is when the inherent uncertainties of patients’ positions are accounted for. Furthermore, transmission measurements are usually carried out perpendicular to the board, a non-clinical situation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric effect of the board and the robustness of the plan to positional uncertainty. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two breast patients treated on a commercial prone breast board between 2017 and 2020 were selected for this retrospective study. To evaluate the board’s attenuation, we compared the plans with the board removed from the dose calculation. To quantify the robustness of this technique, we moved the beam isocenter with respect to the patient and board. Results: Our results showed that when the breast board is removed from a plan which was designed to account for the board attenuation, the average point dose increases by 7.48%, with a maximum of 22%. Comparing results with a mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a least-square means analysis, our robustness evaluation indicates that anterior shifts at every magnitude (1 mm through 5 mm) make a significant difference in all dose statistics (D95, max, 95% prescription coverage and homogeneity index) investigated. In/out and right/left shifts resulted in an insignificant change in dose statistics. Conclusion: Prone breast boards can add significant dosimetric uncertainty into the treatment delivery process. Accounting for plan robustness in the design of the plan is highly recommended. A prone breast board design with support moved away from the beam path is warranted.展开更多
用于工业过程控制、通信和航天器上的嵌入式计算机对软、硬件的可靠性要求极高。对于软件较为复杂的嵌入式计算机系统，必须采用高可靠的实时多任务操作系统。处于操作系统和硬件之间的板级支持包(BSP Board Support Packge)的设计是一...用于工业过程控制、通信和航天器上的嵌入式计算机对软、硬件的可靠性要求极高。对于软件较为复杂的嵌入式计算机系统，必须采用高可靠的实时多任务操作系统。处于操作系统和硬件之间的板级支持包(BSP Board Support Packge)的设计是一个复杂的过程，该文介绍了基于VxWorks操作系统的板级支持包以及板级支持包设计、调试中的问题。展开更多
文摘Aim: In prone breast treatments, a carbon fiber support device resides under the contralateral breast. Tangent beams are designed to encompass the treated breast and these often pass through the board at a shallow angle, resulting in significant attenuation. Our planners account for this attenuation by adding field-in-field dose to the deep part of the breast, through the board. Concern was raised about how accurate the treatment delivery is when the inherent uncertainties of patients’ positions are accounted for. Furthermore, transmission measurements are usually carried out perpendicular to the board, a non-clinical situation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric effect of the board and the robustness of the plan to positional uncertainty. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two breast patients treated on a commercial prone breast board between 2017 and 2020 were selected for this retrospective study. To evaluate the board’s attenuation, we compared the plans with the board removed from the dose calculation. To quantify the robustness of this technique, we moved the beam isocenter with respect to the patient and board. Results: Our results showed that when the breast board is removed from a plan which was designed to account for the board attenuation, the average point dose increases by 7.48%, with a maximum of 22%. Comparing results with a mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a least-square means analysis, our robustness evaluation indicates that anterior shifts at every magnitude (1 mm through 5 mm) make a significant difference in all dose statistics (D95, max, 95% prescription coverage and homogeneity index) investigated. In/out and right/left shifts resulted in an insignificant change in dose statistics. Conclusion: Prone breast boards can add significant dosimetric uncertainty into the treatment delivery process. Accounting for plan robustness in the design of the plan is highly recommended. A prone breast board design with support moved away from the beam path is warranted.
文摘用于工业过程控制、通信和航天器上的嵌入式计算机对软、硬件的可靠性要求极高。对于软件较为复杂的嵌入式计算机系统，必须采用高可靠的实时多任务操作系统。处于操作系统和硬件之间的板级支持包(BSP Board Support Packge)的设计是一个复杂的过程，该文介绍了基于VxWorks操作系统的板级支持包以及板级支持包设计、调试中的问题。
