Management of Vulnating Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Esophageal foreign bodies (EFB) are a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency because of the serious complications they can cause. Aim: This paper aimed to study the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery departments of the Yalgado Ouedraogo and Bogodogo University Hospital. Methodology: This was an analytic cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over 10 years (2012-2021). Results: We collected 91 cases of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies, i.e. 9.1 cases/year (4.7%). The mean age of the patients was 14 ± 19 years. The sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by accidental ingestion of vulnating esophageal foreign bodies (98.9%). The average time to consultation was 7.5 hours. Dysphagia was the dominant symptom (64.8%). Cervico-thoracic radiography found dual contour radiopaque images in 71.4%. Esophagoscopy with rigid tube was performed in 97.8%. The average time for extraction of the vulnating esophageal foreign bodies was 8 hours. Vulnerating esophageal foreign bodies were non-organic in 84.6%. The button cell represented 64.8%. Their location was cervical in 61.5% intraoperatively. The lesion assessment found ulcerative lesions in 42.9% (p Conclusion: Vulnating esophageal foreign bodies are relatively frequent in our ENT practice. Although their diagnosis is often easy, their treatment is still difficult and requires multidisciplinary management. Thus, for us, prevention remains the first effective weapon.

宫腔镜IBS刨削系统用于宫腔残留组织物治疗中的效果观察

目的 探讨宫腔镜IBS刨削系统用于宫腔残留组织物治疗中的效果。方法 选取2021年7月—2023年2月收治的流产后宫腔残留组织物患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组40例。对照组采用可视清宫术治疗,观察组采用宫腔镜IBS刨削系统治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果 观察组总有效率明显较对照组更高(P<0.05);观察组月经恢复时间、月经量、HCG恢复正常时间与对照组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。观察组术后宫腔粘连发生率、术后妊娠率与对照组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。术前两组子宫内膜厚度、HIF-1α、FGF、VEGF水平无显著差异(P>0.05);术后观察组各指标低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论宫腔镜IBS刨削系统用于宫腔残留组织物治疗中的效果令人满意,可促进快速恢复,也能减少宫腔粘连发生,提高术后妊娠率,值得推广。

Quantitative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Water Bodies of Karst Areas

At present, there is relatively little research on the synergistic effects of heavy metals in soil, sediment, and bedrock on heavy metal pollution in water bodies. In this paper, heavy metals in soil, sediment, bedrock, and water of a typical karst watershed in southwest China were investigated. The results indicated that the average values of heavy metals in soil and sediment were relatively higher than those in bedrock except for Ni and As. During the research period, As and Cd were the main heavy metal elements polluting the soil and sediment in the study area, while water bodies were mainly polluted by Ni, As, and Cd. The pollution assessment indicated that there were instances of poor or very poor water quality in the study area during the study period;the soil as a whole was slightly polluted by Cd and As;sediment was subject to moderate Cd pollution and mild As pollution. Analysis of geochemical form for heavy metals showed that heavy metals in soil and sediment were mainly in residual form, and the proportions of exchangeable As and Cd were relatively high. Multiple statistical analysis showed that heavy metals in sediment, soil, and bedrock explained 23.8%, 16.8%, and 16.2% of the changes in heavy metals of water, respectively. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in water bodies.

低FODMAP饮食对IBS患者胃肠道症状的影响

目的分析对肠易激综合征(Irritable Bowel Syndrome,IBS)患者用低可发酵的单糖、双糖、低聚糖和多元醇等饮食干预对胃肠道症状的影响。方法将2020年8月-2021年12月接收治疗的IBS患者78例作为观察对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(低FODMAP饮食)和对照组(常规饮食指导),比较两组分别干预后的病情严重程度调查表(Severity severity questionnaire,IBS-SSS)、日常生活能力量表(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)、胃肠道症状改善时间(腹痛、腹泻、排便改变)。结果两组干预前的IBS-SSS比较并无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,观察组IBS-SSS评分(53.69±12.15)分相较对照组(85.45±11.12)分更低,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预后,观察组胃肠症状改善时间包括排便(2.62±0.23)周、腹痛(1.72±0.23)周、腹泻(2.41±0.23)周时间更短,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组干预前的ADL评分比较并无差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,观察组ADL评分更高,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低FODMAP饮食对IBS患者可缩短患者胃肠道症状改善时间,提高患者日常生活质量,减轻患者病情严重程度。

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

IBS妇科宫内刨削系统在治疗育龄女性子宫内膜息肉中的效果评价

目的 分析IBS妇科宫内刨削系统在治疗育龄女性子宫内膜息肉中的价值。方法 选取2021年1-9月育龄女性子宫内膜息肉患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组、对照组,每组各60例。观察组接受IBS妇科宫内刨削系统治疗,对照组接受传统宫腔镜下电切术治疗,对比两组手术情况、并发症情况、术后月经情况及复发率、妊娠率。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量及膨宫液用量均少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);两组月经恢复时间对比,无显著差异(P>0.05);观察组首次月经量及排卵期子宫内膜厚度与对照组比较,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后1年复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1年妊娠率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论IBS妇科宫内刨削系统在育龄女性子宫内膜息肉治疗中效果显著,建议在临床上推广。

Automated Extraction for Water Bodies Using New Water Index from Landsat 8 OLI Images

The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources,ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle,so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary.The water index is designed to highlight water bodies in remote sensing images.We employ a new water index and digital image processing technology to extract water bodies automatically and accurately from Landsat 8 OLI images.Firstly,we preprocess Landsat 8 OLI images with radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction.Subsequently,we apply KT transformation,LBV transformation,AWEI nsh,and HIS transformation to the preprocessed image to calculate a new water index.Then,we perform linear feature enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract small water bodies accurately.Meanwhile,we employ morphological enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract large water bodies.Finally,we combine small and large water bodies to get complete water bodies.Compared with other traditional methods,our method has apparent advantages in water extraction,particularly in the extraction of small water bodies.

Misdiagnosis of food-borne foreign bodies outside of the digestive tract on magnetic resonance imaging:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Patients with foreign bodies in the digestive tract are often encountered,but complete penetration of a foreign body through the gastrointestinal tract is rare,and the choice of imaging method is very important.Improper selection may lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was diagnosed as having a liver malignancy after he took magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT)examinations.The pain improved after the patient accepted gamma knife treatment.However,he was admitted to our hospital 2 mo later due to fever and abdominal pain.This time,he received a contrast-enhanced CT scan,which showed fish-boon-like foreign bodies in the liver with peripheral abscess formation,then he went to the superior hospital for surgery.It lasted for more than 2 mo from the onset of the disease to the surgical treatment.A 43-year-old woman with a 1 mo history of a perianal mass with no obvious pain or discomfort was diagnosed as having an anal fistula with the formation of a local small abscess cavity.Clinical perianal abscess surgery was performed,and fish bone foreign body was found in perianal soft tissue during the operation.CONCLUSION For patients with pain symptoms,the possibility of foreign body perforation should be considered.Magnetic resonance imaging is not comprehensive and that a plain computed tomography scan of the pain area is necessary.

LIPSCHITZ STAR BODIES

In this paper,we study some basic properties on Lipschitz star bodies,such as the equivalence between Lipschitz star bodies and star bodies with respect to a ball,the equivalence between the convergence of Lipschitz star bodies with respect to Hausdorff distance and the convergence of Lipschtz star bodies with respect to radial distance,and the convergence of Steiner symmetrizations of Lipschitz star bodies.

Ketone bodies and inflammation modulation:A mini-review on ketogenic diet’s potential mechanisms in mood disorders

Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety inflict significant burdens on individuals and society.Commonly prescribed treatments often involve cognitive therapy and medications.However,for patients resistant to these conventional methods,alternative therapies like the Ketogenic Diet(KD)offer a promising avenue.KD and its key metabolite,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),have been hypothesized to alleviate mental disorders through antiinflammatory actions,a crucial pathway in the pathophysiology of depression.This mini-review examines 15 clinical trials exploring the influence of KD and BHB on inflammation and their potential roles in managing mental disorders.Both human and animal studies were scrutinized to elucidate possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.Out of the 15 trials,10 reported reduced levels of at least one inflammatory mediator or mRNA post KD or BHB treatment,while two observed an elevation in anti-inflammatory agents.These findings suggest that KD and BHB could modulate cellular inflammatory pathways,highlighting their potential for therapeutic application in mental disorders.

Management of Traumatic Foreign Bodies of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract in Children with Limited Diagnostic Resources at the Pediatric University Hospital of Central African Republic of Bangui

Accidental acute upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a common situation in pediatric emergencies. It is a source of morbidity and even mortality, particularly in children under 3 years of age. We report a clinical case of traumatic foreign body injury to the upper aerodigestive tract in a 7-year-old girl following a play accident.

IBS法和FSI法在云南人群全同胞关系鉴定中的应用

目的探讨IBS法和FSI法在云南人群生物学全同胞关系鉴定中的适用性。方法根据448对全同胞、1020对无关个体的19个常染色体STR分型结果,运用IBS法和FSI法计算并统计各CIBS值和CFSI值。采用SPSS 25.0软件对全同胞对和无关个体对的lgCFSI值和CIBS值分别进行描述性统计、正态检验和t检验,对计数资料采用χ^(2)检验。结果全同胞组和无关个体组的lgCFSI值和CIBS值均符合正态分布;无关个体组和全同胞组的差异在IBS法和FSI法中均具有统计学意义;统计比较旧规范和新规范中3种阈值划分方法的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。19个常染色体STR基因座,2种规范中3种方法的系统效能分别为0.7500,0.5565和0.6625,而研究中云南人群的系统效能分别为0.7405,0.5109和0.6621。结论新规范在云南人群全同胞关系鉴定中具有较高的法医学应用价值,基于19个常染色体STR基因座检测系统的IBS法和FSI法能有效降低全同胞关系鉴定的错判风险。

Clinical features,radiological imaging,and treatment strategies of nonmetallic intraorbital foreign bodies:a retrospective analysis

AIM:To provide comprehensive data on nonmetallic intraorbital foreign bodies(IOFBs)by summarizing and analyzing material types,clinical manifestations,imaging features,and treatment strategies.METHODS:Totally 28 nonmetallic IOFB cases treated at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.The types of foreign bodies,clinical features,imaging manifestations,and treatment outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS:Among all cases,67.8%(19/28)of the foreign bodies were organic.The top three entrances were the upper eyelid skin(7/28),lower fornix conjunctiva(6/28),and lower eyelid skin(4/28).In most cases(11/28,39.3%),foreign bodies remained in the medial orbits.The major clinical manifestations included eyelid redness and swelling(20/28,71.4%),conjunctival congestion and edema(17/28,60.7%),and ophthalmoptosis(15/28,53.6%).Infection was the main complication,which occurred in 57.1%(16/28)of all cases.Computerized tomography(CT)values differed for different foreign bodies and varied in the different periods after injury.The plant-and grease-derived foreign bodies and the surrounding pus cysts showed different signals on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The prognosis varied with different foreign body types,surgery timing,and intraoperative management.CONCLUSION:The majority of nonmetallic IOFBs are organic and often remain in the superior,medial,and inferior areas of the orbit.Clinical manifestations vary owing to their different textures.CT and MRI facilitate the identification of foreign body materials.Plant-derived foreign bodies should be completely removed,and surgical treatment is a complicated process.

Bedside ultrasound-guided water injection assists endoscopically treatment in esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies: A case report

BACKGROUND Fishbone migration from the esophagus to the neck is relatively uncommon in clinical practice.Several complications secondary to esophageal perforation after ingestion of a fishbone have been described in the literature.Typically,a fishbone is detected and diagnosed by imaging examination and is usually removed by a neck incision.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of a 76-year-old patient with a fishbone in the neck that had migrated from the esophagus and that was in close proximity to the common carotid artery,and the patient experienced dysphagia.An endoscopically-guided neck incision was made over the insertion point in the esophagus,but the surgery failed due to having a blurred image at the insertion site during the operation.After injection of normal saline laterally to the fishbone in the neck under ultrasound guidance,the purulent fluid outflowed to the piriform recess along the sinus tract.With endoscopic guidance,the position of the fish bone was precisely located along the direction of liquid outflow,the sinus tract was separated,and the fish bone was removed.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first case report describing bedside ultrasound-guided water injection positioning combined with endoscopy in the treatment of a cervical esophageal perforation with an abscess.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the fishbone could be located by the water injection method under the guidance of ultrasound and could be accurately located along the outflow direction of the purulent fluid of the sinus by the endoscope and was removed by incising the sinus.This method can be a nonoperative treatment option for foreign body-induced esophageal perforation.

Lamellar Bodies Count (LBC) as a Predictor of Fetal Lung Maturity in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Compared to Neonatal Assessment

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1% of all live births and 10% of all preterm infants. Lamellar bodies represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant within Type II pneumocytes, secretion of which increases with advancing gestational age, thus enabling prediction of the degree of FLM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates approximately 1/3 of all preterm births. Birth within 1 week is the most likely outcome for any patient with PPROM in the absence of adjunctive treatments. Respiratory distress has been reported to be the most common complication of preterm birth. Sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis also are associated with prematurity, but these are less common near to term. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in the emergency ward from January 2019 to September 2019. It included 106 women with singleton pregnancies, gestational age from 28 - 36 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes. This study is designed to assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting (LBC) from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Results: The current study revealed a highly significant increase in the lamellar body count in cases giving birth to neonates without RDS compared to that cases giving birth to neonates with RDS. Also, no statistically significant difference between LBC and age, parity and number of previous miscarriages in the mother was found. Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower among cases with respiratory distress. Steroid administration was significantly less frequent among cases with respiratory distress. However, lamellar bodies had high diagnostic performance in the prediction of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Lamellar body count (LBC) is an effective, safe, easy, and cost-effective method to assess fetal lung maturity (FLM). It does not need a highly equipped laboratory or specially trained personnel, it just needs the conventional blood count analyzer. Measurement of LBC is now replacing the conventional Lecithin/Sphyngomyelin L/S ratio. LBC cut-off value of ≤42.5 × 103/μL can be used safely to decide fetal lung maturity with sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 97.6%.

IBS宫腔镜刨削系统与宫腔镜电切系统治疗育龄期子宫内膜息肉的疗效观察

目的:分析IBS宫腔镜刨削系统与宫腔镜电切系统治疗育龄期子宫内膜息肉的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年8月-2023年1月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的子宫内膜息肉患者70例为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各35例。观察组给予IBS系统治疗,对照组给予宫腔镜电切术治疗。比较两组患者的手术指标、手术前后相关生化指标、术后恢复情况。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、膨宫液用量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组患者术前1天、术后1天的血钾、血钠、血糖、血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后月经复潮时间短于对照组,术后首次月经量多于对照组、术后第2个月排卵期子宫内膜厚度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用IBS宫腔镜刨削系统治疗育龄期子宫内膜息肉可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量及膨宫液使用量,促进术后月经的恢复,提高月经量并增加子宫内膜厚度,且对机体生化代谢影响小,值得在临床中进一步应用并予以推广。

Colliding Bodies Optimization with Machine Learning Based Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the primary vital degenerative diseases that affect the Central Nervous System among elderly patients.It affect their quality of life drastically and millions of seniors are diagnosed with PD every year worldwide.Several models have been presented earlier to detect the PD using various types of measurement data like speech,gait patterns,etc.Early identification of PD is important owing to the fact that the patient can offer important details which helps in slowing down the progress of PD.The recently-emerging Deep Learning(DL)models can leverage the past data to detect and classify PD.With this motivation,the current study develops a novel Colliding Bodies Optimization Algorithm with Optimal Kernel Extreme Learning Machine(CBO-OKELM)for diagnosis and classification of PD.The goal of the proposed CBO-OKELM technique is to identify whether PD exists or not.CBO-OKELM technique involves the design of Colliding Bodies Optimization-based Feature Selection(CBO-FS)technique for optimal subset of features.In addition,Water Strider Algorithm(WSA)with Kernel Extreme Learning Machine(KELM)model is also developed for the classification of PD.CBO algorithm is used to elect the optimal set of fea-tures whereas WSA is utilized for parameter tuning of KELM model which alto-gether helps in accomplishing the maximum PD diagnostic performance.The experimental analysis was conducted for CBO-OKELM technique against four benchmark datasets and the model portrayed better performance such as 95.68%,96.34%,92.49%,and 92.36%on Speech PD,Voice PD,Hand PD Mean-der,and Hand PD Spiral datasets respectively.

IBS宫内刨削系统治疗胚物残留临床效果评价

目的探讨一体化(IBS)宫内刨削系统在胚物残留的诊断与治疗中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析因胚物残留的患者160例,其中实施IBS宫内刨削系统胚物残留清除术的患者89例(IBS组),实施传统清宫术的患者71例(对照组),比较2组患者年龄、病程、残留物大小、血清绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、术后再次残留、手术时间、术后出血、术后并发症等指标。结果2组患者年龄、病程、血清HCG水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后无再次残留,平均手术时间、平均出血量、平均术后阴道出血时间、平均月经来潮时间、治愈率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论IBS刨削系统对子宫内残留的胚物临床疗效明显优于传统清宫术,具有手术中精准诊治、有效缩短手术时间、降低子宫内膜的损伤、治疗彻底等优点,是各类妊娠物残留清除的首选治疗方法。

求解复对称线性系统的IBS迭代方法

提出一种改进的块分裂(IBS)迭代法,用于求解一类由复对称线性系统演化而来的2×2块实值线性系统.对IBS迭代法进行收敛性分析,给出使迭代矩阵谱半径极小化的最优参数选择方法,数值实验结果进一步验证了IBS迭代方法的数值有效性.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies/harmful materials in children from Bahrain:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths.This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies(FBs)or harmful materials,which can cause serious morbidities.AIM To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,complications,management,and outcomes of accidental ingestion of FBs,caustics,and medications in children.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted for accidental ingestion to the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between 2011 and 2021.Demographic data,type of FB/harmful material ingested,and investigations used for diagnosis and management were recorded.The patients were divided into three groups based on the type of ingested material(FBs,caustics,and medications).The three groups were compared based on patient demographics,socioeconomic status(SES),symptoms,ingestion scenario,endoscopic and surgical complications,management,and outcomes.The FB anatomical location was categorized as the esophagus,stomach,and bowel and compared with respect to symptoms.The Fisher’s exact,Pearson’s χ^(2),Mann-Whitney U,and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison.RESULTS A total of 161 accidental ingestion episodes were documented in 153 children.Most children were boys(n=85,55.6%),with a median age of 2.8(interquartile range:1.8-4.4)years.Most participants ingested FBs(n=108,70.6%),31(20.3%)ingested caustics,and the remaining 14(9.2%)ingested medications.Patients with caustic ingestion were younger at the time of presentation(P<0.001)and were more symptomatic(n=26/31,89.7%)than those who ingested medications(n=8/14,57.1%)or FBs(n=52/108,48.6%)(P<0.001).The caustic group had more vomiting(P<0.001)and coughing(P=0.029)than the other groups.Most FB ingestions were asymptomatic(n=55/108,51.4%).In terms of FB location,most esophageal FBs were symptomatic(n=14/16,87.5%),whereas most gastric(n=34/56,60.7%)and intestinal FBs(n=19/32,59.4%)were asymptomatic(P=0.002).Battery ingestion was the most common(n=49,32%).Unsafe toys were the main source of batteries(n=22/43,51.2%).Most episodes occurred while playing(n=49/131,37.4%)or when they were unwitnessed(n=78,57.4%).FBs were ingested more while playing(P<0.001),caustic ingestion was mainly due to unsafe storage(P<0.001),and medication ingestion was mostly due to a missing object(P<0.001).Girls ingested more jewelry items than boys(P=0.006).The stomach was the common location of FB lodgment,both radiologically(n=54/123,43.9%)and endoscopically(n=31/91,34%).Of 107/108(99.1%)patients with FB ingestion,spontaneous passage was noted in 54(35.5%),endoscopic removal in 46(30.3%),laparotomy in 5(3.3%)after magnet ingestion,and direct laryngoscopy in 2(1.3%).Pharmacological therapy was required for 105(70.9%)patients;79/105(75.2%)in the FB group,22/29(75.9%)in the caustic group,and 4/14(28.8%)in the medication group(P=0.001).Omeprazole was the commonly used(n=58;37.9%)and was used more in the caustic group(n=19/28,67.9%)than in the other groups(P=0.001).Endoscopic and surgical complications were detected in 39/148(26.4%)patients.The caustic group had more complications than the other groups(P=0.036).Gastrointestinal perforation developed in the FB group only(n=5,3.4%)and was more with magnet ingestion(n=4)than with other FBs(P<0.001).In patients with FB ingestion,patients aged<1 year(P=0.042),those with middle or low SES(P=0.028),and those with more symptoms at presentation(P=0.027)had more complications.Patients with complications had longer hospital stays(P<0.001)than those without.CONCLUSION Accidental ingestion in children is a serious condition.Symptomatic infants from middle or low SES families have the highest morbidity.Prevention through parental education and government legislation is crucial.