Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

Bridging the gap:Unveiling the crisis of physical inactivity in inflammatory bowel diseases

In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Inflammatory bowel diseases patients suffer from significant low levels and barriers to physical activity:The BE-FIT-IBD study”published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroen-terology 2023;29(41):5668-5682.Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are emerging as a significant global health concern as their incidence continues to rise on a global scale,with detrimental impacts on quality of life.While many advances have been made regarding the management of the disease,physical inactivity in these patients represents an underexplored issue that may hold the key for further and better understanding the ramifications of IBD.Chronic pain,fatigue,and fear of exacerbating symptoms promotes physical inactivity among IBD patients,while the lack of clear guidelines on safe exercise regimens contributes to a norm of physical inactivity.Physical activity(PA)is accepted to have a positive effect on disease outcomes and quality of life,while inactivity exacerbates comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study,focusing on PA levels and barriers in IBD patients of Southern Italy,revealed that a significant proportion(42.9%)were physically inactive.This lack of PA is attributed to barriers such as fear of flare-ups and misconceptions about exercise exacerbating the disease.The study also highlighted the need for better communication between healthcare providers and patients regarding the benefits of PA and safe incorporation into lifestyles.Moreover,physical inactivity may also contribute to disability in IBD patients,having a great impact on employment status.Of note is the fact that IBD also comes with an important psychological burden with relevant evidence suggesting that regular PA can improve mood,reduce anxiety,and enhance mental health.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study advocated for the integration of PA into IBD management,emphasizing the bidirectional link between PA and IBD.Regular exercise can influence the course of IBD,potentially reducing symptom severity and prolonging remission periods.As such,it is mandatory that healthcare providers actively educate patients,dispel misconceptions,and tailor exercise recommendations to improve the quality of life and reduce IBD-related complications.

Leisure-time physical activity,anthropometrics,and body composition as predictors of quality of life domains after spinal cord injury:an exploratory cross-sectional study

The objective of the current work was to examine the relationships between quality of life(QOL)domains in persons with spinal cord injury(SCI)and their levels of weekly leisure-time physical activity(LTPA),anthropometric variables,and body composition variables.This exploratory cross-sectional study consisted of baseline data collected as part of a randomized clinical trial at a VA Medical Center and SCI center.A convenience sample of 36 community-dwelling persons with SCI participated in the current study.Outcome measures included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form(WHOQOL-BREF),Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury(LTPAQ-SCI),anthropomorphic measures(waist,hip,and abdominal circumference),and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DXA)to quantify regional and total body composition.Multiple regression models suggested that engagement in LTPA accounted for 35.7%of the variance in physical health QOL,33.5%in psychological QOL,14.2%in social relationships QOL,and 38.2%in environmental QOL.Anthropometric measures accounted for 11.3%,3.1%,12.0%,and 6.7%of the variance in these QOL indices,respectively,and DXA indices accounted for 18.7%,17.5%,27.4%,and 21.9%.Within these models,the number of minutes of heavy LTPA per day uniquely predicted physical health QOL,the number of mild LTPA days per week uniquely predicted psychological QOL,and the amount of mild LTPA per day uniquely predicted environmental QOL.Bivariate analyses also suggested that android and trunk fat,as well as supine waist and abdominal circumferences,were positively associated with social relationships QOL.Encouraging individuals with SCI to engage in LTPA may robustly enhance multiple aspects of QOL while reducing the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities associated with SCI.Moreover,this may lead to a further understanding of how QOL may impact longitudinal intervention trials.The study protocol and procedures were reviewed and approved by the McGuire VA Research Institutional Review Board(IRB#02152,approval date August 9,2015;IRB#02375,approval date May 2,2018).

Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Level of Sedentary Adult Indian Women

Age related changes in body composition are associated with long term dietary intake profiles. Age related increase in body fat is primarily attributed to decline in physical activity and basal metabolic rate as well as dietary intake. The study was designed to assess the body composition, dietary intake and physical activity level of sedentary adult women of different age groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 152 sedentary adult women comprised of students and faculty from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The relationship of body composition with dietary factors and physical activity level of women in four age groups i.e. 21 - 30, 31 - 40, 41 - 50 and 51 - 60 years was determined. A gradual increase (p ≤ 0.05) in anthropometric and body composition parameters such as weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, fat mass and visceral fat rating was observed with the advancement of age. The lean body mass was decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as the age progressed, the values for four age groups being 74.9, 68.9, 62.8 and 60.9%, respectively. Contrary to this fat mass increased with age, the corresponding values for four age groups being 15.7, 21.4, 26.6 and 29.2 kg, respectively. The percent adequacy of protein by four age groups was 69.6, 78.2, 80.0 and 66.3, respectively when compared to RDA while fat intake was much higher i.e. 245.5, 271.8, 288.4 and 250.8%, respectively. The energy intake was inadequate among all age groups, however, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) differ- ence was observed in daily energy consumption between the age groups. The mean physical activity level (PAL) of the subjects ranged between 1.49 - 1.60. The physical activity level values showed that majority of the subjects (87% - 94%) were having sedentary life style. Age is a crucial factor associated with body composition. A high fat mass and low lean body mass of the subjects was observed. Their diets were low in protein but high in fat. Majority of the subjects from different age groups had sedentary life style. A diet with higher protein and lesser fat combined with exercise can help in sustaining optimum body composition.

Influence of age,menopause status,body mass index and physical activity on body composition and body fat distribution in midlife women

Objective:To investigate the influence of age,menopause status,body mass index(BMI) and physical activity on body composition and body fat distribution in Chinese midlife women. Methods:The healthy women who underwent anniversary health checkup in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited cross-sectionally.The level of physical activity was determined via International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short in Chinese Version.The body composition and fat distribution were measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Results:A total of 162 women with average age 52 years(40-62 years) were recruited.Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between age,menopause status,BMI and physical activity and parameters of body composition and body fat distribution.The total fat tissue percentage was positively associated with BMI(standardized partial regression coefficient;b = 0.70),menopause status(b = 0.19.grading variables 1,2,3 were assigned to represent for reproductive group,menopausal transition group and postmenopausal group,respectively),and negatively associated with physical activity energy expenditure (b=—0.17) with model determination coefficient 0.55.Total body fat-free-tissue mass was positively associated with BMI(b = 0.61),negatively associated with menopause status(b=—0.14) with model determination coefficient 0.39.The ratio of trunk fat-tissue mass/total body fat-tissue mass(Tr/T) was positively associated with BMI(b=0.32) and menopause status(b = 0.30) with model determination coefficient 0.20.After adjusted the effects of BMI,menopause status and physical activity,age was not significantly related with total fat tissue percentage,body fat-free-tissue mass,nor ratio of(Tr/T). Conclusion:Menopause impacts body composition and body fat distribution independently.During the process of female reproductive aging,body fat tissue mass and centrally distributed fat tissue mass increase,while body fatfree -tissue mass decreases.Age itself has no significant relation with body composition and body fat distribution.It is recommended that midlife women should engage in more physical activity and keep proper body weight to reduce the negative effect of menopause on body fat tissue.

Body Composition in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State

Introduction: Previous studies in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have demonstrated low muscle mass (MM) and high fat mass (FM) percentages compared to individuals with normal hemoglobin. The relationship between the evolutions of body composition (BC) parameters in the active SCD population is not well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to assess the body composition in active adult SCD patients in sub-Saharan Africa during the inter-critical period. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study over an 8-month period. Eighteen SCD patients (sex ratio = 1) reported regular physical activity (RPA) corresponding to level 3 (RPA of moderate intensity) of the 4-level Saltin-Grimby physical activity scale were recruited. Anthropometric and BC parameters such as BMI, percentage FM and percentage MM were evaluated using an impedance meter. Results: The study population had a mean age of 26 ± 7 years and a mean BMI of 20.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2. We found a significantly higher percentage of FM in women compared to the men (25.6% ± 10.2% vs 11.1% ± 2.1%;p = 0.001). For the proportion of MM, all the women had a normal percentage. The men mostly had high levels of MM compared with reference norms. Men had significantly greater MM percentages than women (45.4% ± 1.8% vs. 26.5% ± 1.4%;p Conclusion: RPA appears to have positive effects on BC in active population with SCD, and a greater-than-expected effect was observed on MM in male patients. Promoting regular, adapted physical activity would be a promising way of improving BC parameters and quality of life in the SCD population. Further studies with larger cohorts will be needed to better substantiate these results.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index in the Chinese child and adolescent populations： An update from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China The Youth Study

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science, analyses of the most recent national prevalence esti- mates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fimess in China-- The Youth Study （PAFCTYS） are presented. These include the prevalence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （MVPA）.

Body Shape Dissatisfaction, Weight Status and Physical Activity among a Sample University Students in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of body shape dissatisfaction, weight and physical activity status among university students and predictors for body shape dissatisfaction. A cross sectional study was carried out in a sample comprising of 368 female and male university students aged 18 years or more at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Body weight, height, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and physical activity level were used as assessment tools. Chi-square and independent sample T-test were used to assess gender difference. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors of the body shape dissatisfaction. Overall, 65% of students had normal BMI, more males then females overweight (23%), while more females underweight (16.8%). Females have higher body shape dissatisfaction (33.5%) then males (21.4%), half of males inactive and this percentage increased in females to (73.8%). Overweight males were more dissatisfied with their body shape (10.7%) than females (6.3%). Almost one fifth of inactive males dissatisfied comparable to quarter inactive females dissatisfied with their body shape. Younger age is predictor for body shape dissatisfaction in both genders, also weight in males. BMI and being married female was predictor for body shape dissatisfaction. Collectively results indicate that body shape dissatisfaction and inactive lifestyle were prevalent among females than male’s age, weight;BMI and marital status was the most predictor for body shape dissatisfaction. However developing educational program to promote body shape satisfaction and active lifestyle will be very useful especially among females.

体育活动对大学生社交焦虑的影响:身体意象和心理资本的链式中介效应

目的:探究体育活动与大学生社交焦虑之间的关系,同时检验身体意象和心理资本的链式中介作用。方法:采用体育锻炼等级量表、身体意象量表、积极心理资本量表、社交焦虑量表对907名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:①体育活动与大学生身体意象(r=0.321,P<0.001)和心理资本(r=0.456,P<0.001)呈显著正相关,身体意象与心理资本呈显著正相关(r=0.595,P<0.001),以上三者都与社交焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.328,-0.346,-0.436;P<0.001);②中介效应分析显示,体育活动对大学生社交焦虑的直接效应显著,效应值为-0.151,占总效应的47.63%;身体意象和心理资本在体育活动与大学生社交焦虑之间均起到单独中介作用,效应值分别为-0.038、-0.083,分别占总效应的11.99%、26.18%,同时也起到链式中介作用,效应值为-0.045,占总效应的14.2%。结论:体育活动不仅可以直接影响大学生社交焦虑,还可以通过促进身体意象和心理资本水平以间接预防和缓解个体的社交焦虑问题。

基于可穿戴系统的体位/体动信息量化及其与心力衰竭患者NYHA分级关联分析

背景日常活动量减少和运动功能受限是心力衰竭患者的特征性表现之一,体位/体动信息与心衰患者疾病严重程度和预后密切相关。通过可穿戴生理监测系统量化体位/体动信息或可作为一种潜在的心衰病情严重程度定量评价手段,其与纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能分级的关系需进一步研究。目的探讨心衰患者体位/体动信息定量分析结果与NYHA分级的相关性。方法纳入2021年5月—2022年11月在四川大学华西医院心内科住院的心衰患者,通过可穿戴生理监测系统采集患者入院当天和出院前1 d各24 h的连续生理监测数据,同步收集临床数据。通过对可穿戴生理监测系统内的三轴加速传感器信息进行处理分析,计算卧床时间、活动时间、步数、睡眠翻身次数4个体位/体动指标。基于患者入院时NYHA分级、入院和出院情况、出院时NYHA分级改善与否进行分组,分析体位/体动指标与NYHA分级的关联性。结果纳入心衰患者69例,平均年龄(60.90±14.24)岁,其中男性40例,NYHAⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级的患者分别有9例、24例、36例。随着NYHA分级的升高,心衰患者全天的卧床时间占比逐渐增多,而全天的活动时间占比、平均每小时步数逐渐降低,以上3个指标在NYHAⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级间均有统计学差异(P均<0.05);其中卧床时间占比(r_(s)=0.319,P=0.008)与NYHA分级呈正相关,活动时间占比(r_(s)=-0.312,P=0.009)、平均每小时步数(r_(s)=-0.309,P=0.010)与NYHA分级存在负相关。出院时的卧床时间占比显著低于入院时(96.25%vs 97.63%,P=0.026);出院时的活动时间占比显著高于入院时(3.32%vs 1.78%,P<0.001);出院时的平均每小时步数显著高于入院时(97.17步/h vs 35.58步/h,P<0.001);其中出院时NYHA改善组患者的体位/体动指标变化趋势同上,未改善组仅出院时的平均每小时步数显著高于入院时,NYHA改善组的出入院平均每小时步数变化值显著高于未改善组(71.21步/h vs 21.31步/h,P=0.003)。结论可穿戴生理监测系统能够对心衰患者的体位/体动信息进行客观长程的监测,心衰患者的卧床时间与NYHA分级呈正相关关系;活动时间、步数与NYHA分级呈负相关关系,这些体位/体动指标或可作为心衰患者疾病严重程度分级和状态监测评估的有用指标,未来可进一步延伸到对患者的居家和长程监测。

肥胖症患者减重代谢手术后体力活动的研究进展

对肥胖症患者减重代谢手术后体力活动现状、影响因素、体力活动改善策略以及体力活动效果评价指标进行综述,以期为医护人员采取有效措施改善患者体力活动水平提供依据。

电液位置伺服系统低阶自抗扰控制研究

电液位置伺服系统是一种时变非线性、外部扰动未知且数学模型复杂的高阶系统,对其采用的高阶自抗扰控制方法,需要整定参数较多,模型结构复杂,在实际工程应用中难以实现。针对这个问题,对电液位置伺服系统的一阶和二阶自抗扰控制(ADRC)性能进行研究,实现电液位置伺服系统的低阶自抗扰控制。基于Simulink建立的电液位置伺服系统的低阶自抗扰控制系统,给定阶跃和正弦信号指令,并对系统施加一个负载扰动力,分析系统的响应速度、准确性和抗干扰能力。结果表明,一阶和二阶自抗扰控制都可以使电液位置伺服系统达到稳定状态,且二阶非线性自抗扰控制系统响应速度更快,控制精度高,鲁棒性更强。

体育活动对青少年社会适应的影响:链式中介模型及性别差异

使用体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)、主观锻炼体验量表(SEES)、身体自我描述问卷(PSDQ)和青少年社会适应状况评估问卷(ASAAS)对453名中学生进行调查,探讨体育活动对青少年社会适应的影响及作用机制。结果表明,男生在体育活动量和锻炼体验幸福感上得分显著高于女生;高体育活动水平的青少年在主观锻炼体验幸福感、身体自尊和社会适应上得分均显著高于低体育活动水平青少年;锻炼体验幸福感和身体自尊在体育活动与青少年社会适应中起链式中介作用;体育活动→身体自尊→社会适应路径在女生群体中显著,在男生群体中不显著。本研究揭示了体育活动对青少年社会适应的作用机制,对体教融合、体育课教学设计具有一定启发意义。

基于体力活动、久坐预测不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖的风险切点

目的:为探究不同海拔7∼12岁学生体力活动、久坐行为与肥胖的关联性,预测肥胖的体力活动、久坐时间风险切点。方法:以世居平原及世居高原各720名7∼12岁学生为研究对象,通过形态学测试及体力活动测评,确定不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖风险的体力活动、久坐时间切点值。结果:随年龄增长,不同海拔7∼12岁学生BMI水平呈上升趋势、WHR水平呈下降趋势;高海拔学生检出率为10.00%、低海拔为12.36%,海拔间检出率存在显著差异(χ^(2)=8.167,P<0.05)。随年龄增长,各组男、女生体力活动相关指标及ST均呈上升趋势;低海拔地区7∼12岁学生LPA、MPA、VPA、MVPA及TPA水平均显著高于高海拔地区(P<0.05),ST水平显著低于高海拔地区(P<0.05)。随BMI上升,体力活动指标均呈先增长后下降的趋势,ST水平呈先下降后增长的趋势;高海拔、低海拔男女生LPA、MPA、VPA、MVPA、TPA水平及ST水平均与BMI存在关联性(P<0.05);高海拔、低海拔7∼12岁学生MPA、MVPA、ST水平与BMI存在显著关联。各组男、女生MVPA及ST预测肥胖的切点值分别为97.42 min^(-1)、735.46 min^(-1)、88.59 min^(-1)、771.30 min^(-1)、115.34 min^(-1)、691.92 min^(-1)、92.71 min^(-1)、720.45min^(-1)。结论:体力活动、久坐时间指标与不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖发生率存在显著关联,高原7∼12岁男、女生久坐时间切点值高于同龄平原学生,平原7∼12岁男、女生MVPA切点值高于同龄高原学生。

TKA术后屈曲放置膝关节对减少手术后出血的影响

目的 探讨快速康复外科(FTS)理念下全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后屈曲膝关节4 h对减少术后出血的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月于南部战区总医院接受TKA的60例(60膝)膝关节骨性关节炎患者作为研究对象。采用系统随机法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例(30膝),围手术期均采取FTS管理方案。TKA术后对照组患者采取常规伸直位放置膝关节,观察组采取常规屈曲位(90°)放置膝关节4 h后改为伸直位。观察两组患者术后1 d引流量、血红蛋白和红细胞压积值,以及术前和术后3 d术侧下肢肿胀程度(髌上10 cm大腿周长),记录术前、术后1个月美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分和并发症发生情况。结果 观察组和对照组术后1 d引流量分别为(90.6±18.5)、(183.6±25.8)mL,观察组引流量低于对照组(P <0.05);对照组和观察组血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积值分别为(104.6±15.6)和(126.2±9.6)g/L、(31.5±4.5)%和(35.7±3.5)%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。术后3 d膝关节肿胀程度观察组较对照组为轻(P <0.05),两组术后1个月HSS评分相近(P>0.05),无一例发生深静脉血栓并发症。结论 FTS理念下采取TKA术后屈曲放置膝关节4 h的肢体管理方案,可在不影响膝关节功能情况下减少手术后出血,减轻肢体肿胀程度,有助于术后加速康复。

The Health Benefits of a Pedometer-Based 100,000 Steps/Week Physical Activity Program

Purpose Pedometers can be an effective tool to increase step counts in a physically inactive population.In a more active population,pedometers may also be useful for further increasing physical activity and improving cardiovascular disease risk factors.Our purpose was to assess the adherence and determine the health impact of a 100,000 steps/week(14,286 steps/day)goal in a somewhat-active(7500-9999 steps/day)to active(10,000-12,500 steps/day)population.Methods Thirty-two apparently healthy subjects,13 males(age 44±14 years)and 19 females(age 39±13 years)who had a baseline activity level between 7500 and 12,500 steps/day,were studied.Participants were assessed prior to and 16 weeks after completing a 100,000 steps/week intervention.Pre-and post-assessments of health included body composition,rest-ing blood pressure,blood lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and a 3-min walk test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness.Results Fifty-three percent of participants adhered(≥90,000 steps/week)to the 100,000 steps/week physical activity program yet all participants increased their stepping by 23,303±11,480 steps/week.With increased stepping,significant improvements in body composition were observed.Improvements included reduced body mass index(pre:27.2±3.6 kg/m^(2);post:26.9±3.6 kg/m^(2);P=0.026),reduced total percent body fat(pre:35.7±9.9%;post:34.3±10.4%;P<0.001),and reduced waist circumference(pre:83.8±10.2 cm;post:81.5±10.0 cm;P=0.001).An unexpected increase was observed for low density lipoprotein cholesterol(pre:109.7±22.7 mg/dL;post:117.6±20.4 mg/dL;P<0.05).Conclusions Individuals who were previously somewhat-active or active can gain additional health benefits,particularly improvements in body composition,by increasing to 100,000 steps/week with the use of a pedometer.

身体活动对大学生积极心理品质的影响——基于深度神经网络分析

为探究身体活动与积极心理品质之间的关系,对重庆5所高校大学生进行有关身体活动与积极心理品质的客观评定,运用层次聚类算法和深度神经网络模型,分析不同强度身体活动量对大学生心理积极品质的影响。结果表明:(1)大学生参与中高强度的身体活动越多,其积极心理品质水平越高;(2)高强度身体活动对人际、公正、认知的影响最有效;(3)中等强度身体活动对节制、情感、公正的影响最有效;(4)严格遵循身体活动推荐量的大学生超越品质更高。研究认为,大学阶段是改善及养成良好心理和积极品质至关重要的时期,提供体育活动干预可能是帮助大学生培养积极心理品质的重要途径。

体育作为一种身体活动育智、育心的生生伦理本质

体育原发于身体活动,以自然培育方式启动身体活动来重构身体世界,使原本属于物理实体和生物实体的身体获得人文滋养,实现身体的自然性与人文性的合生。由此,体育成为育体、育智、育心的综合性方式,它遵从身心互育和身心共生的生生伦理法则引导身体活动,既可消解内心的烦忙和烦盲,更可开阔视野、激活心灵、纯化情感并活络思维、激励认知。学校体育通过身体活动育智、育心,引导学生在身体活动中学会协调身心,培育心灵和情感,增强智力;其基本目标是培育学生的具身性能力,促进知觉拓展,开阔认知视野,实现身体行动力、身体活动水平和身体健康水平的整体提升。

基于身体活动及心理感知的城市空间环境设计研究

随着城市居民身心健康问题愈受关注,城市空间环境对居民心理感知、身体活动的影响逐渐成为城市研究热点。文章分析并揭示了空间环境、心理感知、身体活动三者的相互关系及整体关联,提出了基于心理感知与身体活动一体化的空间环境设计框架。进而以增进人的身体活动、促进人的积极心境、缓解人的精神压力、提升人的归属认同作为设计导向,制定5个方面的空间环境设计策略,运用融合多学科交叉及智慧规划设计方法,构建一个以人为本的城市空间环境设计新范式。

认知因素视角下减重代谢术后饮食与体力活动行为促进策略的整合性综述

背景 随着肥胖问题日益严重,减重代谢术需求量也逐年增加,患者术后仍须维持良好生活习惯以巩固减重效果。但在相应行为指南已较为成熟的同时,患者行为依从性并不理想,导致术后较高的复胖率。可考虑从认知因素这一核心视角出发采取策略促进患者的饮食与体力活动行为。目的 系统编码整合认知因素视角下的减重代谢术后饮食、体力活动行为促进策略。方法 2022年6月,采用WHITTEMORE和KNAFL的整合性综述方法,在PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、CINAHL英文数据库和中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台中文数据库中与减重代谢术后饮食与体力活动行为促进策略有关研究,检索时限为1994年1月至2022年6月。采用2016版“关键评估清单”(CASP)进行文献质量评价,纳入符合标准的研究,根据“体力活动与饮食行为改变技术分类法”(CALO-RE分类法)对策略统一编码并加以合并。结果 共纳入25篇文献,包括17篇随机对照试验、4篇观察性研究、4篇综述。通过编码,所有策略均被CALO-RE分类法覆盖,涉及其中的25类策略,主要包括行为情况监测、社会支持、目标设定、障碍识别解决等。整合得到的“减重代谢术后饮食与体力活动行为促进策略集”共46条策略。结论 本研究通过整合性综述和CALO-RE分类法,系统编码了适用于减重代谢术后患者的认知因素视角下饮食与体力活动行为促进策略,为术后行为管理提供了技术储备。减重代谢外科医护可在评估患者行为水平和认知因素状况后,结合实际情况选取合适策略,有效提升患者的行为依从性。未来可在实证研究中进一步验证并优化本策略集。