Monitoring Surface Water Change in Northeast China in 1999–2020:Evidence from Satellite Observation and Refined Classification

As a typical region with high water demand for agricultural production,understanding the spatiotemporal surface water changes in Northeast China is critical for water resources management and sustainable development.However,the long-term variation characteristics of surface water of different water body types in Northeast China remain rarely explored.This study investigated how surface water bodies of different types(e.g.,lake,reservoir,river,coastal aquaculture,marsh wetland,ephemeral water) changed during1999–2020 in Northeast China based on various remote sensing-based datasets.The results showed that surface water in Northeast China grew dramatically in the past two decades,with an equivalent area increasing from 24 394 km^(2) in 1999 to 34 595 km^(2) in 2020.The surge of ephemeral water is the primary driver of surface water expansion,which could ascribe to shifted precipitation pattern.Marsh wetlands,rivers,and reservoirs experienced a similar trend,with an approximate 20% increase at the interdecadal scale.By contrast,coastal aquacultures and natural lakes remain relatively stable.This study is expected to provide a more comprehensive investigation of the surface water variability in Northeast China and has important practical significance for the scientific management of different types of surface water.

α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain:so many seeds so close to the central soil

α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals.Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Aggregated and highly phospho rylated a-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain,the pathological hallmark of Parkinson s disease.For decades,much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson s disease as a systemic disease.Recent evidence demonstrates that,at least in some patients,the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain.Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tra ct trigge rs the gutto-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology.However,whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation.In this review,we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.

Loose Body in the Knee Joint: A Case Report

Background: Loose bodies (LBs) within the knee joint are commonly encountered during clinical practice and are frequently observed during knee arthroscopy. The primary treatment involves the removal of loose bodies;however, their complete eradication is often challenging and may not address underlying diseases, leading to persistent symptoms and the risk of new loose body formation. Aim: This case report aims to present the findings and surgical management of a 52-year-old male with an unusually large osseous loose body in the knee joint and associated pathologies. Case Presentation: The patient, a 52-year-old male, experienced recurrent episodes of severe, sudden, and painful locking of the knee joint, leading to difficulties moving. A plain MRI study was conducted to evaluate the condition of the knee joint, which revealed various degenerative changes and the presence of a loose body. Subsequently, an arthroscopic examination was performed under general anesthesia, uncovering the presence of an abnormally large loose body, as well as other pathologies including chondropathy, meniscal degeneration, and Baker’s cyst. Conclusion: Loose bodies (LBs) in the knee joint pose significant challenges and may lead to debilitating symptoms. Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention are crucial for symptom relief and the prevention of further joint damage as arthroscopic excision. Comprehensive imaging has a vital role in guiding treatment decisions and optimizing patient outcomes. In this case, the removal of the loose body improved patient outcomes and helped prevent potential joint complications.

Writing the Silenced Female Body, Scrutinizing the Grand Narrative of Colonization and Decolonization: The Body in Zoë Wicomb’s David’s Story

David’s Story by Zoë Wicomb addresses the complexities of representing female suffering and the limitations of traditional historical narratives in capturing the experiences of marginalized bodies.It challenges the grand narratives of national history by emphasizing the indispensable role of women’s experiences.Through characters like Dulcie and Rachael,Wicomb portrays the female body as a site of resistance and resilience,highlighting the need for more nuanced and inclusive ways of documenting history.Underscoring the inexpressibility of trauma and the limitations of language and representation,the novel self-reflexively acknowledges its own aporia of completing the narrative,embodying the ongoing struggle to capture the full breadth of human experience.

Lightweight Surface Litter Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5s

In response to the problem of the high cost and low efficiency of traditional water surface litter cleanup through manpower,a lightweight water surface litter detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s is proposed to provide core technical support for real-time water surface litter detection by water surface litter cleanup vessels.The method reduces network parameters by introducing the deep separable convolution GhostConv in the lightweight network GhostNet to substitute the ordinary convolution in the original YOLOv5s feature extraction and fusion network;introducing the C3Ghost module to substitute the C3 module in the original backbone and neck networks to further reduce computational effort.Using a Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism(CBAM)module in the backbone network to strengthen the network’s ability to extract significant target features from images.Finally,the loss function is optimized using the Focal-EIoU loss func-tion to improve the convergence speed and model accuracy.The experimental results illustrate that the improved algorithm outperforms the original Yolov5s in all aspects of the homemade water surface litter dataset and has certain advantages over some current mainstream algorithms in terms of model size,detection accuracy,and speed,which can deal with the problems of real-time detection of water surface litter in real life.

3D v_P and v_S models of southeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from joint inversion of body-wave arrival times and surface-wave dispersion data

A new 3D velocity model of the crust and upper mantle in the southeastern （SE） margin of the Tibetan plateau was obtained by joint inversion of body- and sur- face-wave data. For the body-wave data, we used 7190 events recorded by 102 stations in the SE margin of the Tibetan plateau. The surface-wave data consist of Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves obtained from ambient noise cross-correlation analysis recorded by a dense array in the SE margin of the Tibetan plateau. The joint inversion clearly improves the Vs model because it is constrained by both data types. The results show that at around 10 km depth there are two low-velocity anomalies embedded within three high-velocity bodies along the Longmenshan fault system. These high-velocity bodies correspond well with the Precambrian massifs, and the two located to the northeast of 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake are associated with high fault slip areas during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock gap between 2013 Lushan earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is associated with low-velocity anomalies, which also acts as a barrier zone for ruptures of two earthquakes. Generally large earthquakes （M 〉 5） in the region occurring from 2008 to 2015 are located around the high-velocity zones, indicating that they may act as asperities for these large earthquakes. Joint inversion results also clearly show that there exist low-velocity or weak zones in the mid-lower crust, which are not evenly distributed beneath the SE margin of Tibetan plateau.

Numerical Simulation on Flow Control for Drag Reduction of Revolution Body Using Dimpled Surface

Numerical simulation on the flow fields near the dimpled and the smooth revolution bodies are performed and compared by using SST k-ω turbulence model, to explain the reasons of friction and base drag reductions on the bionic dimpled surface and the control behaviors of dimpled surface to boundary layer near wall of the revolution body. The simulation results show that the dimpled surface reduces the skin friction drag through reducing the velocity gradient and turbulent intensity, and reduces the base drag through weakening the pumping action on the flow behind the revolution body caused by the external flow; the low speed rotating vortexes in the dimples segregate the external flow and the revolution body; and the low speed rotating vortexes forming in the bottom of dimples can produce negative skin friction.

A Study into Blood Flow, Heart Rate Variability, and Body Surface Temperature While Listening to Music

In this study we examined the relaxing effects of listening to music on a total of 12 women aged from their 20s to their 40s by measuring their blood flow, heart rate variability, and their body surface temperature. As a result, We found that there was a tendency for the volume of blood flow to the fingertips to significantly increase when listening to classical music, but there was a variety of changes in blood flow between each age group for healing music and J-Pop music. When measuring heart rate it was found that the LF/HF value, which is an index for the autonomic nervous system which shows tension and stress, fell significantly when listening to each type of music. Lastly, there was a trend for body surface temperature to rise when listening to classical or healing music, a rise which was particularly significant when listening to healing music. This study shows that a relaxing effect can be expected for all indices when listening to classical music. However, for healing music and J-Pop, personal musical preferences seemed to have an effect and the results were varied.

An investigation using high-precision CCD laser displacement sensor to measure body surface motion induced by heartbeat

The aim of this study was to measure the motion of the body surface induced by heartbeat by using a high-precision laser sensor in order to provide a reference for other research on medical remote sensing techniques that are unconstrained and non-contact. Body surface motions at some points on the chest and on the dorsal region were measured for eight men with a laser displacement sensor. For comparison, an electrocardiograph was also used to monitor the heartbeat. As a result, we confirmed cyclic motion of about 0.1 mm in amplitude everywhere on the body surface, not only from the front of the body but also from the back and the neck. In contrast, which part on the body was most suitable for measurement had to be taken into account because a difference in motion amplitudes was observed in different parts on the body. The amplitude of the motions also depended on the conditions of the body surface as well as underneath the skin. These results show the possibility of acquiring information about heartbeats from anywhere on the body by using an unconscious sensing technique, and the potential for the technique to monitor the condition of the body and personal physical characteristics.

Relationship between body surface area and ALT normalization after long-term lamivudine treatment

AIM： To further evaluate the relationship between BSA and the effects of lamivudine in a greater number of cases and over a longer period of observation than in our previous evaluation. METHODS： We evaluated 249 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The effects of treatment for one year （n = 249）, two years （n = 147）, and three years （n = 72） were evaluated from the levels of serum ALT and HBVoDNA, as biological and virological effects （undetectable levels by PCR）, respectively. Moreover, several variables that could influence the response to treatment, including ALT, albumin, bilirubin, platelet counts, BSA, HBVoDNA, and HBeAg were analyzed. RESULTS： For 1-year treatment, multivariate analysis revealed that BSA （P = 0.0002） was the only factor for the biological effect, and that ALT （P = 0.0017）, HBV- DNA （P = 0.0004）, and HBeAg （P = 0.0021） were independent factors for the virological effect. For 2-year treatment, multivariate analysis again showed that BSA （P = 0.0147） was the only factor for the biological effect, and that ALT （P = 0.0192） and HBeAg （P = 0.0428） were independent factors for the virological effect. For 3-year treatment, multivariate analysis, however, could not reveal BSA （P = 0.0730） as a factor for the normalization of ALT levels. CONCLUSION： BSA is a significant predictor for the normalizing the effect of lamivudine therapy on ALT for an initial 2-year period, suggesting that lamivudine dosage should be based on the individual BSA.

Compact Car-Body Surface Design with T-spline Surface

Creating proper B-spline surface models is a very challenging task for designers in car-body surface design.Due to the tensor-product structure of B-spline surface,some undesirable issues of the redundant control points addition,incomplete surface definition and the difficulty of trimming boundary alteration frequently occur,when designing the car-body surface with B-spline surfaces in local-feature-lines construction,full-boundary-merging and visual surface trimming.A more efficient approach is proposed to design the car-body surface by replacing B-spline surface with classical T-spline surface.With the local refinability and multilateral definition offered by Tspline surface,those designing issues related with B-spline surface can be overcomed.Finally,modeling examples of the door,hood and rear-window are given to demonstrate the advantage of T-spline surface over B-spline surface in car-body surface design.

Irregular surface seismic forward modeling by a body-fitted rotated–staggered-grid finite-difference method

Finite-difference(FD) methods are widely used in seismic forward modeling owing to their computational efficiency but are not readily applicable to irregular topographies. Thus, several FD methods based on the transformation to curvilinear coordinates using body-fitted grids have been proposed, e.g., stand staggered grid(SSG) with interpolation, nonstaggered grid, rotated staggered grid(RSG), and fully staggered. The FD based on the RSG is somewhat superior to others because it satisfies the spatial distribution of the wave equation without additional memory and computational requirements; furthermore, it is simpler to implement. We use the RSG FD method to transform the firstorder stress–velocity equation in the curvilinear coordinates system and introduce the highprecision adaptive, unilateral mimetic finite-difference(UMFD) method to process the freeboundary conditions of an irregular surface. The numerical results suggest that the precision of the solution is higher than that of the vacuum formalism. When the minimum wavelength is low, UMFD avoids the surface wave dispersion. We compare FD methods based on RSG, SEM, and nonstaggered grid and infer that all simulation results are consistent but the computational efficiency of the RSG FD method is higher than the rest.

The Effect of the Hemofiltration-Body Surface Area on the Mortality and Morbidity during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the hemofiltration-body surface area on mortality and morbidity during cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). A total of 226 patients were divided into two groups as hemofiltration (HF) performed or not performed. The patients to whom hemofiltration was performed were also divided into three subgroups after the distribution analysis which was done according to body surface area. All patients were compared according to the relationship of hemofiltration-body surface area during cardiopulmonary bypass in the interms of mortality and morbidity. There was no statistically significant relationship between the subgroups according to the amount of hemofiltration by square meters (p = 0.818). There was statistically significant difference in total perfusion times and total hospital stay (p = 0.025;p = 0.038) between the subgroups which were divided by the amount of hemofiltration in square meters. As a result, no effect was observed on the mortality of the relationship between the amount of hemofiltration applied during CBP and body surface area.

Calcium phosphate deposition on surface of porous and dense TiNi alloys in simulated body fluid

Porous and dense TiNi alloys were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy(P/M) method, and to further improve their surface biocompatibility, surface modification techniques including grind using silicon-carbide(SiC) paper, acid etching and alkali treatment were employed to produce either irregularly rough surface or micro-porous surface roughness. X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) attached to SEM were used to characterize surface structure and the Ca-P coatings. Effects of the above surface treatments on the surface morphology, apatite forming ability were systematically investigated. Results indicate that all the above surface treatments increase the apatite forming ability of TiNi alloys in varying degrees when soaked in simulated body fluid(SBF). More apatite coatings formed on TiNi samples sintered at 1050℃ and 1100℃ due to their high porosity and pure TiNi phase that is beneficial to heterogeneous nucleation. Furthermore, more uniform apatite was fabricated on the sample sintered from the mixture of Ni and Ti powders.

Human Body Modeling and Posture Simulating Based on 3D Surface Scan Data

This paper presents a new approach for modeling the human body by considering the motion state and the shape of whole body. The body model consists of a skeleton kinematic model and a surface model. The former is used to determine the posture of the body,and the latter is used to generate the body shape according to the given posture. The body surface is reconstructed with multi-segment B-spline surfaces based on the 3D scan data from a real human body.Using only a few joints parameters and the original surface scan data, the various body postures and the shape can be generated easily. The model has a strong potential of being used for ergonomic design,garment design, virtual reality environment, as well as creating human animation, etc.

Body Surface Area Prediction in Odorrana grahami

Body surface area（BSA）was regarded as a more readily quantifiable parameter relative to body mass in the normalization of comparative biochemistry and physiology.The BSA prediction has attracted unceasing research back more than a century on animals,especially on humans and rats.Few studies in this area for anurans were reported,and the equation for body surface area（S）and body mass（W）：S=9.9 W 0.56,which was concluded from toads of four species in 1969,was generally adopted to estimate the body surface areas for anurans until recent years.However,this equation was not applicable to Odorrana grahami.The relationship between body surface area and body mass for this species was established as：S=15.4 W 0.579.Our current results suggest estimation equations should be used cautiously across different species and body surface area predictions on more species need to be conducted.

BODY SURFACE EXPOSURE DISTRIBUTION OF EXAMINEES RECEIVED UPPER G．I．T．X－RAY EXAMINATION

A special cloth for keeping LiF(Mg,Cu,P)TL dosimetry elements is worn by examinees. The exposures of 128 examinees .received upper G.I.T (gastro-intestinal tram) X-ray examination are measured. The reference point of the maximum body surface exposure given is at the middle of stomach. The average of this point is (4.97±1.94) × 10-4C.kg-1 person-1 examination-1 and (1.33±0.28)×10-4C.kg-1.min-1.

The Maximum Temperatures （Tmax） Distribution on the Body Surface of Sport Horses

The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of measuring maximum temperatures in designated regions of a healthy horse＇s body surface. Thermographic investigations （Thermovision〉550, FLIR） were carried out on 35 horses from 6 to 16 years old participating in show jumping competitions. The rectal temperatures of the horses were in the range 37.5-38.2 ℃. The research was performed in a stable, the ambient temperature （Tab） of which was 14℃ with a humidity （φ） of 60%. Thermograms of the left and right side of the horses were obtained. Each thermogram consisted of 36 body surface regions （before the competition） and 25 regions （immediately after the competition）. The maximum temperature ranges at rest were 21.8 ℃-31.0℃ and symmetrical regions did not differ statistically （P 〉 0.05）. The highest temperatures were on the head, neck and trunk, the lowest-on the limbs. The hind legs were warmer than the front legs in analogous areas, with the exception of the gaskin and forearm. The warmest body areas had the largest surface area, which is indicative of their crucial role in the thermoregulation of the equine organism. The research results may therefore be useful in veterinary diagnosis. The range of maximum temperatures after the competitions was 25.2℃-34.2℃. The highest increment was observed at the breast, elbow, forearm and gaskin, the lowest-at the head, pastern and hoof （foreand hind limbs）. Research regarding body surface temperature after exercise does not have diagnostic value for veterinarians because ＂warming-up＂ certain parts of body surface masks inflammation.

THE RESEARCH AND UTILIZATION OF LOCAL MICRO HEAT CHANGES ON HUMEN BODY'S SURFACE

Having tested and observed the infrared radiation of various parts on humenbody’s surface by the Humen Body Energy Detector and the Indirect Measurement(humen body being clothed),we discovered that the changes of human body’s in-frared radiation induction density relate to visceral organ’s energy level ofmetabolism,as well as the imbalance condition of Jing Lo system.In order to

Three-dimensional analysis of pedicle screw channel,screw entry point and lateral surface of cervical vertebral body

Objective To explore three-dimensional relations of pedicle screw channel (PSC) ,screw entry point and lateral surface of cervical vertebral body by digital techniques. Methods CT scan images of cervical