Comprehensive Solution to Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitration of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

With the advantages of high combustion efficiency, wide fuel flexibility and low concentrations of discharged pollutants, circulating fluid- ized bed （CFB） boiler has been widely used in recent years. However, in order to meet the requirement of new emission standard, it＇s necessary to add flue gas desulfurization and denitration devices. In this paper, the choice of flue gas purification processes for CFB boiler has been discussed firstly, and then the economy and rationality of the SNCR ＋ CFB-FGD ＋ COA comprehensive solution to flue gas desulfurization and denitration have been analyzed.

Optimizing Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer:DCS Hybrid Modeling and Automation in Coal-Fired Power Plant Boilers

In response to escalating challenges in energy conservation and emission reduction,this study delves into the complexities of heat transfer in two-phase flows and adjustments to combustion processes within coal-fired boilers.Utilizing a fusion of hybrid modeling and automation technologies,we develop soft measurement models for key combustion parameters,such as the net calorific value of coal,flue gas oxygen content,and fly ash carbon content,within theDistributedControl System(DCS).Validated with performance test data,thesemodels exhibit controlled root mean square error(RMSE)and maximum absolute error(MAXE)values,both within the range of 0.203.Integrated into their respective automatic control systems,thesemodels optimize two-phase flow heat transfer,finetune combustion conditions,and mitigate incomplete combustion.Furthermore,this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the generationmechanismof nitrogen oxides(NOx)and low oxygen emission reduction technology in coal-fired boilers,demonstrating a substantial reduction in furnace exit NOx generation by 30%to 40%and the power supply coal consumption decreased by 1.62 g/(kW h).The research outcomes highlight the model’s rapid responsiveness,enabling prompt reflection of transient variations in various economic indicator parameters.This provides a more effective means for real-time monitoring of crucial variables in coal-fired boilers and facilitates timely combustion adjustments,underscoring notable achievements in boiler combustion.The research not only provides valuable and practical insights into the intricacies of two-phase flow heat transfer and heat exchange but also establishes a pioneering methodology for tackling industry challenges.

Influence of Recirculated Flue Gas Distribution on Combustion and NOx Formation Characteristics in S-CO_(2) Coal-fired Boiler

Supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))Brayton power cycle power generation technology,has attracted more and more scholars'attention in recent years because of its advantages of high efficiency and flexibility.Compared with conventional steam boilers,S-CO_(2) has different heat transfer characteristics,it is easy to cause the temperature of the cooling wall of the boiler to rise,which leads to higher combustion gas temperature in the furnace,higher NOX generation concentration.The adoption of flue gas recirculation has a significance impact on the combustion process of pulverized coal in the boiler,and it is the most effective ways to reduce the emission of NOX and the combustion temperature in the boiler.This paper takes 1000MW S-CO_(2) T-type coal-fired boiler as the research target to investigate the combustion and NOX generation characteristics of S-CO_(2) coal-fired boilers under flue gas recirculation condition,the influence of recirculated flue gas distribution along the furnace height on the characteristics of NOX formation and the combustion of pulverized coal.The results show that the recirculated flue gas distribution has the great impact on the concentration of NOX at the boiler outlet.When the bottom recirculation flue gas rate is gradually increased,the average temperature of the lower boiler decreases and the average temperature of the upper boiler increases slightly;The concentration of NOx at the furnace outlet increases.

The Analysis of Using MGGH in Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) System in Cement Plant

The paper first introduces the background and the mechanism of secondary pollution from desulfurization in cement plant. Then, take plant A as an example, using MGGH (media gas-gas heater) to control “white smoke”. MGGH uses heat medium water to heat transfer between the original flue gas and the clean flue gas, without additional heat source, and has obvious economic benefits, which is the inevitable development direction of desulfurization reform of cement kiln system in the future.

Retrofit of 350-MW Supercritical Boiler Based on the Analysis on Exhaust Gas Temperature

Since the first batch of 350-MW supercritical utility boilers was put into operation, the exhaust flue gas temperature of the boilers has always been higher than the designed value. The main reason is that the heat absorbed by the air heater is not sufficient. In Huaneng Dongfang Power Plant, the exhaust flue gas temperature is lowered through modifications to the economizer and the air heater. The experimental results reveal that every year, each boiler could save 3 850 tons of standard coal and reduce 85 tons of SO2 and 9 000 tons of CO2 respectively after retrofit.

Modeling and Simulation Study on Reverse Swirl of Secondary Air in Large Tangentially Fired Boiler

Based on the porosity method and the improved non uniform QUICK scheme, this paper describes a three dimensional computer simulation to predict the flow characteristics in a tangentially fired boiler. The model is applied to a 600?MW boiler modeling under different operating conditions of reverse swirl of secondary air. The numerical results achieve reasonable agreement with experimental data. The calculated results of flow field, the pressure distribution, the relative diameter of tangential circle, angular momentum flux in furnace and the velocity distribution index in horizontal gas pass are analyzed in detail. And then the effects of the reverse swirl of secondary air on flue gas imbalance are discussed. Finally a reasonable operating condition of the reverse swirl of secondary air is presented.

Deep Desulphurization and DeNO_X in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

With the revision of emission standards, deep desulphurization and DeNO X is needed in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. The operation of the first set of 300-MW CFB boiler plus limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization (FGD) system in the world shows that deep desulphurization and DeNO X of CFB boilers has higher SO2 removal efficiency at a lower Ca/S ratio compared with traditional inner desulphurization mode. It can meet the increasingly rigid emission standards, and is suitable for more fuels. Deep desulphurization and DeNO X can also achieve a highly-efficient high-temperature CFB boiler that can not only achieve inner desulphurization and low NO X emission, but benefits low-grade, high sulfur content fuels as well. Research of deep desulphurization and DeNO X will be a developing direction for CFB boilers.

蒸汽锅炉房的工艺设计

燃油蒸汽锅炉是石化厂常用的一种设备。介绍了石油库企业中蒸汽锅炉房的工艺设计,阐述了锅炉房中的汽水系统,燃油系统和烟气系统等的设计。

燃煤锅炉烟气消白技术的应用现状及研究进展

介绍了目前烟气消白的相关地方标准,综述了目前烟气消白技术的应用现状及研究进展,分析了各种技术的优缺点。结果表明:直接加热法、间接加热法只消除了视觉影响,并未降低烟气含湿量;降温冷凝法对冷源要求高;冷凝再热法可彻底实现烟气消白,但设备相对复杂;溶液吸收法成本高、腐蚀性强;旋流除湿法、除雾器改造、安装湿式电除尘器等没有去除水蒸气的效果,消白能力有限。综合各种因素,得出冷凝再热法是目前较为可行的烟气消白方案。

优化烟道工艺结构 提高烟道使用寿命

莱钢 2 #转炉汽化冷却烟道、活动烟罩存在使用寿命短、事故率高等问题 ,分析其原因是炉口段设计不合理、烟道径向热膨胀量无法释放、水封行程短、水封内积渣严重、烟道隔板易疲劳损坏等。为此对烟道结构进行改造 ,采取将炉口段和斜一段改为整体结构、加大氧枪口、加大烟罩水封行程等措施 ,从而改善了水动力不足 ,提高了转炉余热锅炉的使用寿命。

锅炉大气污染物测试

为贯彻国家新标准“锅炉大气污染物排放标准”（ＧＢ５４６８—９１），本文探讨了准确测算烟气流速，干烟气平均分子量等关于锅炉烟尘和ＳＯ２排放浓度测试的技术问题。对不易测试的参数提供经验估算法。

基于海上某石油平台锅炉烟羽扩散分析

利用Fluent6.3软件,采用k-ε组份输运模型,进行基于海上平台热介质锅炉进行二维数值计算,分析了锅炉燃烧产生的废气在空气中形成的烟羽对操作平台和住人平台的影响.结果表明,当风速较小时,操作平台和住人平台区域温度较高,烟气浓度较大,氧气浓度适宜;当风速较大时,操作平台和住人平台区域温度较低,烟气浓度较小,氧气浓度较小.

HIsmelt熔融还原工艺中的烟道式余热锅炉设计特点

HIsmelt熔融还原工艺是先进的绿色低碳非高炉炼铁技术,可有效解决传统高炉炼铁工艺的料柱透气性问题,且污染物排放较传统炼铁工艺显著降低。其炉口排烟温度高达1 650℃,配套采用烟道式余热锅炉系统回收利用热能,产生的饱和蒸汽可在过热后用于发电。介绍了该余热锅炉的主要性能及主要设计特点,着重论述了其设备设计的独到之处,对进行烟道式余热锅炉的设计和研究有一定的指导意义。

燃煤烟气中SO_3控制研究进展

本文论述了燃煤电厂烟气中SO_3的主要来源为炉膛中SO_2与原子氧结合、省煤器中SO_2被飞灰中金属催化氧化和SCR催化剂的作用下SO_2与O_2发生反应,整体转化率为2%~3%;深入探讨了燃煤锅炉烟气中SO_3的危害,如空预器堵塞设备腐蚀、烟气酸露点升高、蓝色烟羽等;最后,对比分析了燃煤烟气中SO_3的控制方法,如喷入碱性吸收剂、湿式静电除尘器(WESP)、低低温电除尘、脱硫废水耦合脱除SO_3等技术的脱除效率及优缺点,得出结论,现有技术脱除效果较高但对SO_3的选择性差,脱硫废水耦合脱除SO_3技术同时解决多个环境问题,具有重要的研究价值。

烟道内气-固两相流动模化研究

烟道内气-固两相流模化工作的需要日益广泛,目前该领域所用模化方法尚欠妥当。本文从基本理论出发,结合电站锅炉尾部烟道实际情况,得出解决该问题的正确方法,可供研究各类似设备内气-固两相流应用。

燃煤锅炉烟气对环境污染治理技术及应用的问题研究

煤炭资源作为工业生产的主要能源,被广泛应用。因燃煤用量的不断提升致使锅炉的烟气排放量也随之增多。而排放出的二氧化硫及烟尘等污染物严重危害着人类健康,造成了严重的大气污染。此外,我国的环保部门也加强了对于烟气环境污染的治理工作,在此背景下,本文对燃煤锅炉烟气治理技术及应用的相关问题进行分析。旨在为环境治理提出低碳环保的理念。

Pressure Analysis of the Initial Process of Diffusion Combustion Surge in a 350 kW Gas Boiler

In order to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for nitrogen oxides(NOx)emissions from gas boilers,flue gas recirculation(FGR)technology is commonly used to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions.However,under some ultra-low NOx combustion conditions with FGR,a surge phenomenon occurs in the boiler,which causes a flameout and should be avoided.In this study,the diffusion combustion surge of gas boiler with a rated power of 350 k W and equipped with FGR device was investigated.Pressure characteristic analysis results of the initial process of combustion surge showed that the high-frequency component of pressure is closely related to combustion stability and its change can provide reference for the occurrence of surge.Besides,the initial process of surge was analyzed by wavelet packet entropy method.Results indicated that the wavelet packet entropy of pressure signals could effectively reflect the stability of combustion in the furnace,and it could also be used to study the occurrence of surge.

双切圆锅炉燃尽风减轻烟气速度偏差试验研究

针对目前国内反向双四角切圆锅炉左右两侧存在的汽温偏差问题,结合宁夏某1100MW反向双四角切圆锅炉,分别从锅炉燃烧时不投燃尽风、投入燃尽风且燃尽风水平垂直方向均置零位、投入燃尽风且燃尽风下摆30°、投入燃尽风且燃尽风反切10°四种工况对锅炉烟温的偏差的影响进行了分析。结果表明:燃尽风反切10°时能够扰乱原有切圆方向,消旋作用最强,为同类型机组燃尽风解决左右两侧烟温偏差问题提供了理论与实践依据。

供暖锅炉消烟除尘装置的选择

各种锅炉消烟除尘设备都有自己的使用范围,本文主要介绍了供暖锅炉在消烟除尘选用中应考虑的问题,阐明选用消烟除尘设备时要充分了解其技术范围及其经济性能。

Experimental and thermal stress investigation on side wall deformation at the pendent convective pass in a utility boiler

An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass (PCP) in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the horizontal convective pass (HCP) in the two utility boilers. These experiments show that there are great temperature differences in the side wall areas during the startup process in both utility boilers. These temperature differences can reach 80～150 °C with the side wall temperature in the PCP area higher than those in the water-cooled wall and the HCP. The highest temperature in the PCP is close to the flue gas side temperature at the same position in the horizontal flue gas pass. Thermal stress analyses are conducted in the side wall areas in the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the HCP with the software ANSYS. The results show that, at great temperature differences, the PCP side wall undergoes negative thermal stresses that exceed the yield strength causing deformation in the PCP side wall.