Interaction of ions in water system containing copper-zinc alloy for boiler energy saving

Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally.The fouling was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray detector(EDX).The results show that the transfer of calcium and magnesium ions in heat-transfer-surface-water system is affected by zinc ions dissolved from the alloy because of primary battery reaction.Some calcium ions of calcium carbonate crystal are replaced by zinc ions,the growth of aragonite crystal nucleus is retarded,and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite is hampered.

Surface free energy of copper-zinc alloy for energy-saving of boiler

Cu-Zn,Cu-Zn-Sn,Cu-Zn-Ni alloys were melted by vacuum smelter.The effect factors to the surface free energy of the alloys such as chemical composition,crystal structure and surface crystal lattice distortion etc.were investigated by OCA30 automatic contact angle test instrument,metallography microscope and XRD instrument etc.Results suggests:adding alloy element to Cu may increase its surface free energy,and the more kinds of alloy elements are added,the more surface free energy increases;the alloy element Sn an increase the surface free energy of Cu-Zn alloy;Cu-Zn alloy with fir-tree crystal structure,great phase discrepancy and obvious composition aliquation has greater surface free energy;Cu-Zn alloy with compounds and serious surface crystal lattice distortion has greater surface free energy.

C-Language Programming for Development of Conventional Water Treatment Plants Decision Support System

Water-Decision Support System (DSS) tools enhance decision-makings towards improved water supply in a given region. The rigours of manual design of the conventional water treatment plants are easily eliminated with the use of softwares as in the case of DSS. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a Water-DSS for design of treatment plant in Karkala Town, Udupi District of India. A four-decade population projection was made using the baseline data of 1971 till date. The manual computation for water demand, unit operations and adjoining facilities was carried out and later coded in C-programming language for development of a DSS for easier design and process selection. Data validation was done and results from the two approaches were compared. With the C-programming technique, a decision support tool for design and process selection of drinking water treatment plant using conventional method has been developed and named Water-DSS1. The designed tool is simple, accurate, flexible, efficient and universal, easily adaptable to any similar conventional treatment plant. Water-DSS1 is thus recommended for general use in ultimately alleviating water supply challenges.

大盂产业新城供水系统研究及净水处理工艺设计

大盂产业新城作为规划拓展的北部新区,处于城市公共供水盲区。为实现安全可靠的供水体系保障,着重对供水系统的整体布局、水源选取进行了分析,从水量预测、方案优选、厂站选址、处理工艺等方面进行了论述,提出了多水源、大高差、统一管网下分区、分压运行模式的设计思路,达到了多水源并网、压力平衡的效果,解决了新城城市公共供水体系建设的难题。

Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

Environmental Efficiency in Water Use in Offshore Platforms in Campos Basin-RJ-Brazil

In drilling and production of oil at sea, potable water is most commonly transported to oil platforms using offshore supply vessels (OSV). This transport generates a series of environmental impacts, such as the emission of greenhouse gases and risks to human health. Furthermore, transporting high volumes of water requires large vessels and consequently, very high fuel consumption. To minimise the environmental impacts, water supply options were studied. The desalination of seawater and the reusing of streams from grey water (light and dark) and black water were evaluated and compared with the characteristics of the current supply via OSV. The amount of fuel consumed was collected in the logistics department of the oil company that used the OSVs. Air emissions were quantified using the methodology that the IPCC recommended. The information on the types of sewage treatment was found in the technical manuals from the manufacturers. It was concluded that the reused water could achieve up to 70% reduction in atmospheric emissions, the use of chemicals in the water treatment plant, sludge generation and the consumption of marine diesel fuel for the transport of water. On the other hand, the same reduction can be observed both from the effluent disposal at sea and in the chlorine of the sewage treatment plant. Therefore, the source of water used and the reduction of air emissions can be maintained without impairment of the normal water use in offshore platforms in the Campos Basin. The objective of this study was to diagnose problems related to the current form of water supply, to quantify them and to propose measures for increasing environmental efficiency.

韧性城市建筑“平急结合”设计给排水应对关键措施探索

简介韧性城市建筑中适用于临时隔离收治点的建筑类型,提出建立临时隔离收治点“平急结合”设计的标准体系构想,解析作为临时隔离收治点的新建建筑、既有建筑在设计或改造中的给排水应对措施,重点就条件预留、用水定额、系统定型、管道布设、设备选用、污水处理等方面进行深入探索。

黄河上游给水厂中微塑料的出现及去除效率

调查了位于黄河上游给水厂中>1μm的微塑料的丰度、物理形貌和组成,结果显示原水、混凝沉淀、过滤、紫外消毒和终端出水中微塑料的丰度分别为(1964.5±212.5)个/L、(795±136)个/L、(386±21)个/L、(377±20)个/L和(374.5±13.5)个/L,总体去除率达到80.97%.从原水到终端出水中微塑料以<10μm(89.60%~100%)的碎片状为主,且其去除效率与形状和大小有关.通过激光红外成像光谱仪和拉曼光谱进行定性分析发现了15种不同的聚合物类型,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯最为常见.该研究结果为城市供水中存在微塑料提供了依据,并为给水处理过程中微塑料的去除提供参考.

供排水系统中全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)的检测与去除研究进展

随着工业的发展,全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)在日常生活和生产中的应用日益广泛,对水环境的影响呈加剧趋势。由于PFAS良好的水溶性,其可以随着水循环在环境中迁移转化,最终对人体健康产生不利影响。因此,中国和欧美国家已着手制定相关标准和法律法规,以限制PFAS的使用。在系统性总结水环境中PFAS的来源、浓度和转化过程的基础上,文章对比了色谱法、总可氧化前体(TOP)法和传感器等检测方法以及传统物化生方法、高级氧化技术以及焚烧工艺等去除技术,旨在为PFAS的监测与控制提供理论支持。结果表明,饮用水中PFAS质量浓度普遍超过0.1 ng/L,且PFAS在供排水处理过程中的去除存在两大局限:一是检测技术仅能覆盖少数PFAS类型;二是目前的去除方法无法彻底消除PFAS风险,或导致去除率差,或转化为短链氟化物,引发更多潜在环境风险。

臭氧活性炭工艺处理多种新污染物复合污染研究

以南方某流域水体可检出的SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA等新污染物为研究对象,进行复合新污染物共存的原水加标处理试验,研究预处理-常规处理-臭氧活性炭工艺处理效果。结果表明,SD、SMZ、BPA与COD_(Mn)均具有较好的相关性;生物预处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA去除率分别为23.97%、21.20%、6.08%、16.26%和23.76%,生物预处理最优停留时间是120min,最优气水比是1:2;常规处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为18.02%、20.08%、23.02%、8.26%和16.53%,常规处理中SMZ和马拉硫磷的混凝剂最佳投加量为15mg/L,其余3种新污染物的混凝剂最佳投加量为20mg/L;深度处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为49.13%、53.80%、60.20%、77.07%和71.50%,深度处理最佳臭氧投加量是3mg/L,最佳臭氧接触时间为24min,最优炭床停留时间是25min。试验工艺对复合新污染物具有良好的去除作用,对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的总去除率达到了69.86%、73.10%、73.65%、83.74%和82.72%,试验条件下出水的HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2022),出水的磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶满足欧美发达国家的水质标准。

优化锅炉性能检验与清洗处理策略

锅炉是化工行业中一种重要的能源转换特种承压设备,而水作为其介质被称为锅炉的血液。水质的好坏对于锅炉的高效经济运行和延长使用寿命至关重要,定期进行锅炉水质检验和化学清洗是必不可少的步骤。文章分析了工业锅炉水质检验的重要性、常见的检验项目和检验方法,并提出了相对应的解决措施。

基于经验模态分解的火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动故障监测

常规的给水泵振动故障监测方法以振动故障分布特征分析为主,受到给水泵运行环境的影响,故障监测存在失误的问题。因此,文章设计了基于经验模态分解的火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动故障监测方法。提取火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动信号特征,采集锅炉给水泵的振动信号,反映水泵在不同频率的故障状态。基于经验模态分解构建给水泵振动故障监测模型,利用经验模态分析处理给水泵振动信号,得到IMFs幅值、频率、能量分布等参数,进一步表征给水泵振动故障状态。在线监测发电厂锅炉给水泵振动效率,设置给水泵振动效率阈值,评估给水泵的振动异常情况,从而避免故障监测失误的问题。采用对比实验,验证了设计方法的故障监测准确性更高,能够应用于实际生产中。

给排水厂站薄壁混凝土结构质量通病及对策研究

近年来,上海市水务重大工程建设体量大、工期紧,部分厂站薄壁混凝土存在局部渗漏、蜂窝麻面、色差明显等质量问题。为更好地贯彻落实水务工程高质量发展要求,通过对在建典型给排水厂站工程进行深入调研,从人、机、料、法、环五要素对构筑物池体薄壁混凝土质量问题产生的原因进行深入剖析,总结薄壁混凝土结构常见的质量问题,提出现场质量技术措施和管理对策。

给水处理中溴酸盐控制技术研究进展及其强化策略探讨

臭氧技术具有较强的氧化性和杀菌性,是一种重要的水处理方法。臭氧氧化过程产生的溴酸盐(BrO_(3)^(-))是一种潜在的致癌物质,威胁着市民的饮用水卫生安全。如何有效控制溴酸盐的生成是国内外研究者关注的热点课题。首先介绍了溴酸盐的生成机理及主要影响因素,并综述了传统、新型和臭氧与其他高级氧化技术联用的溴酸盐控制机理、特点及研究现状。针对臭氧技术存在高有机物去除量与低溴酸盐生成量的矛盾问题,根据优化臭氧投加方式能够减少溴酸盐生成量、采用活性炭可以大量吸附带负电荷的溴酸盐、利用紫外线可以还原溴酸盐的原理,总结出一种臭氧/紫外线优化耦合生物活性炭方法(O_(3)/(O_(3)/UV-BAC))并建立了其实施策略,为今后开展该技术的深入研究及应用提供理论参考。

电厂锅炉补给水处理中全膜法水处理技术的应用分析

全膜法水处理技术是一种高效的膜分离与浓缩工艺,广泛应用于电厂锅炉补给水处理中。全膜法水处理技术涵盖纳滤、反渗透和离子交换等多种工艺,通过去除微生物、溶解离子和有机物等,提高补给水的质量和锅炉的运行效率。然而,该技术也面临一些挑战。因此,有必要分析全膜法水处理技术,为电厂锅炉补给水处理的改进提供参考。

热电高压锅炉给水泵变频器电气节能改造可行性分析

为了降低水泵、管道的能量损耗,在确保供水量的同时实现节能,拟利用闲置的高压变频器,改造后用于高压锅炉给水泵,实现节能目的。对电机、变频器、电缆等进行了计算分析,为热电装置的电气部分的节能改造提供了技术支撑。

农村超滤膜净水工艺及无人值守应用探究

通过引入无人值守的理念,对某县农村水厂进行超滤膜工艺的设计,并进行关键技术总结及运行效果分析。最终发现,在进水水质稳定的情况下,千吨以下规模水厂采用浸没式超滤膜工艺,出厂水质保障率高,出水浊度常年≤0.2 NTU,制水运行成本约为0.3元/t。结合水质情况,推荐千吨规模以下农村水厂优先采用浸没式超滤膜工艺,并按“基础设备层-控制层-智慧管理层”的组织构成,整体统筹水厂建设,实现无人化管理。

印染企业蒸汽锅炉节能减排技术的研究

蒸汽锅炉目前已经应用于各个行业中,但是存在资源浪费率高、排放物污染严重的问题。为了解决该问题,提出了基于无磷水处理技术的节能减排方案,并用于印染企业蒸汽锅炉的节能减排中。对无磷水处理技术进行仿真试验,结果显示,使用该技术处理后的废水排放时各项指标的达标率都为100%,并且将磷质量浓度降低到了0.0001 mg/L,汞的质量浓度和废水急性毒性降低为0 mg/L。再对使用该技术的节能减排方案在印染行业中的效果进行分析。结果显示,使用该方案后,蒸汽锅炉每季度的天然气用量、污水排放量、锅炉水制备费用和磷酸盐投放量都明显降低。基于无磷水处理技术的节能减排方案能降低蒸汽锅炉的能源消耗、减少污水排放量并且降低使用成本。

不同阻垢剂在锅炉水处理中的阻垢效果研究

采用阻垢剂添加在锅炉水中,可通过阻垢剂与水样中离子的作用,减少水垢的产生,提高锅炉使用的安全性。采用挂片法的实验方式,对不同阻垢剂作用时的阻垢效果进行实验分析,结果表明,在相同的用量及水样条件下,ATMP的阻垢效果最佳,可作为优选的阻垢剂。

农村地表饮用水锰(铁)超标处理技术研究综述

近年来,我国部分地区因超采导致地下水位下降,地表水逐渐承担农村供水主要水源的角色,而锰(铁)超标的现象一直存在,给农村供水提出了新的要求。研究根据水利部和安徽省保护和治理地表水污染的精神,从研究现状出发阐述物理处理技术、化学处理技术和生物处理技术的具体操作方法,阐述如何根据实际情况选择锰(铁)超标处理技术,就现状和处理技术的结合从政策、技术层面提出建议并展望未来研究方向,指出锰(铁)超标处理技术研究对农村供水和环境保护的意义和影响。