Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with ...Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with conventional processes. Conventional processes such as absorption and adsorption for CO2 separation from natural gas are generally more energy demanding and costly for both operation and maintenance. Polymeric membranes are the current commercial membranes used for CO2 separation from natural gas. However, polymeric membranes possess drawbacks such as low permeability and selectivity, plasticization at high temperatures, as well as insufficient thermal and chemical stability. The shortcomings of commercial polymeric membranes have motivated researchers to opt for other alternatives, especially inorganic membranes due to their higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to solvents, high mechanical strength and long lifetime. Surface modifications can be utilized in inorganic membranes to further enhance the selectivity, permeability or catalytic activities of the membrane. This paper is to provide a comprehensive review on gas separation, comparing membrane technology with other conventional methods of recovering CO2 from natural gas, challenges of current commercial polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes for CO2 removal and membrane surface modification for improved selectivity.展开更多
Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necess...Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.展开更多
This paper is focused on description of cool production in using WHR （Waste Heat Technology） Technology-a new method of centralized production of heat by using the waste heat from generated exhaust gas, which has be...This paper is focused on description of cool production in using WHR （Waste Heat Technology） Technology-a new method of centralized production of heat by using the waste heat from generated exhaust gas, which has been in 2009 developed and operated by companies HELORO s.r.o, and COMTHERM s.r.o.展开更多
Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial l...Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through Long Term Research Grant Scheme (A/C Number 2110226-113-00)
文摘Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with conventional processes. Conventional processes such as absorption and adsorption for CO2 separation from natural gas are generally more energy demanding and costly for both operation and maintenance. Polymeric membranes are the current commercial membranes used for CO2 separation from natural gas. However, polymeric membranes possess drawbacks such as low permeability and selectivity, plasticization at high temperatures, as well as insufficient thermal and chemical stability. The shortcomings of commercial polymeric membranes have motivated researchers to opt for other alternatives, especially inorganic membranes due to their higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to solvents, high mechanical strength and long lifetime. Surface modifications can be utilized in inorganic membranes to further enhance the selectivity, permeability or catalytic activities of the membrane. This paper is to provide a comprehensive review on gas separation, comparing membrane technology with other conventional methods of recovering CO2 from natural gas, challenges of current commercial polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes for CO2 removal and membrane surface modification for improved selectivity.
文摘Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.
文摘This paper is focused on description of cool production in using WHR （Waste Heat Technology） Technology-a new method of centralized production of heat by using the waste heat from generated exhaust gas, which has been in 2009 developed and operated by companies HELORO s.r.o, and COMTHERM s.r.o.
文摘Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.
