Development and Utilization of Naturally Colored Cocoon Resources of Bombyx mori

This paper summarized the diversity and prominent characteristics of naturally colored cocoon resources of Bombyx mori, and introduced the production methods of colored cocoons, the development and utilization of naturally colored cocoon resources at home and abroad as well as the variety breeding instances, based on which suggestions were proposed for the development of colored cocoon industry.

Genome Analysis of the Bombyx mori Infectious Flacherie Virus Isolated in China

We reported here the complete genome of the Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus （BmlFV）, BmlFV-CHN01, isolated in China and compared it with the Japanese strain IFV （BmIFV-JAN） sequence. BmIFV-JAN and BmIFV-CHN01 were 99% identical in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The amino acid sequences of the three structural proteins （VP1, VP3 and VP4） and L protein were 100% identical between the two strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on conserved domains in RNA-dependent RNA polymerases （RdRps） by the neighbor-joining method showed that these two strains were from the same virus. The gain of the whole genome of the BmIFV isolated in China and its weak mutation character established a great foundation to the study of functional genome and the molecular epidemiology of BmIFV.

Evaluation of Impact of Pollen Grains from Bt,Bt/CpTITransgenic Cotton and Bt Corn Plants on the Growth andDevelopment of the Mulberry Silkworm,Bombyx moriLinnaeus (Lepidoptera:Bombycidae)

The S-endotoxin genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes are two kinds of genes popularly used for developing transgenic plants resistant to insect pests. To clarify whether there is any risk concerning the effects of pollens from these transgenic crops on non-target insects with economic importance, such as the effects on the growth and development as well as cocoon quality of the silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus, a series of feeding experiments were conducted, using pollens from transgenic cotton or corn containing cry 1Ac, cry1A+CpTI or crylAb genes, compared with pollens from non-transgenic normal cotton and corn as well as the non-pollen treatment. In contrast to the latter ones, pollens from transgenic plants showed no significant adverse effects on larval mortality, cocoon weight, pupa weight, cocoon shell weight, pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of the silkworm after neonates were fed with the pollens for 72 h. In addition, no dosage effects of pollens were found. Though the duration of 1st instar larvae was prolonged in the case of feeding with transgenic pollens as compared with those of the non-pollen treatment , but they were not significantly different from those fed with pollens from non-transgenic cotton or corn. Meanwhile, the body weight of the 3rd instar molters fed with transgenic pollens was obviously different from those for non-pollen treatment, and was all significantly heavier than that of the controls. Consequently, it is considered that the adverse effect of pollens from transgenic insect-resistant cotton and corn on the growth and development of the silkworm is negligible.

Bombyx mori Pyridoxal Kinase cDNA Cloning and Enzymatic Characterization

Pyridoxal kinase （PLK） （EC 2.7.1.35） catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of pyridoxal, generating pyridoxal-5＇-phosphate （PLP）, an important cofactor for many enzymatic reactions. Bombyx mori, similar to mammals, relies on a nutritional source of vitamin B6 to synthesize PLP. This article describes how a cDNA encoding PLK was cloned from Bombyx mori using the PCR method （GenBank accession number： DQ452397）. The cDNA has an 894 bp open reading frame and encodes a protein of 298 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 33.1 k.Da. The amino acid sequence shares 48.6% identity with that of human PLK, and it also contains signature conserved motifs of the PLK family. However, the protein is 10 or more amino acids shorter than the PLK from mammals and plants, and several amino acid residues conserved in the PLK from mammals and plants are changed in the protein. The cDNA cloned was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter/T7 RNA polymerase expression system, and the crude extracts containing the expressed product were found to have strong PLK enzymatic activity with a value of 30 nmol/min/mg, confirming that the cDNA encodes the functional PLK of Bombyx mori. This is the first identification of a gene encoding PLK in insects.

壬基酚对家蚕(Bombyx mori)生长发育的影响

采用添加环境激素壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)人工饲料饲养家蚕(Bombyx mori)的试验方法,观察了家蚕的生长速度、生长量、变态、生命力情况。结果表明,连续取食0.500mmol·L-1以上浓度壬基酚的饲料,家蚕幼虫和蛹的生长速度、生长量、发育整齐度、生命力等都明显下降,在发育后期和蜕皮、化蛹、羽化等变态时期更加明显。同时,NP在蚕体内可能有累积作用。2.000mmol·L-1浓度的NP能使家蚕幼虫很快死亡。NP对家蚕生长发育的影响有明显的性别差异,导致家蚕的雌雄大小开差缩小,并且具有显著的浓度效应和时间效应,是环境激素效应的典型表现。

家蚕(Bombyx mori)血细胞研究进展

家蚕是具有重要经济价值的驯化昆虫,也是完成全基因组测序的具有重要研究价值的鳞翅目模式昆虫。家蚕血液在蚕体的生长发育过程中担负着储存能量、伤口愈合、传递压力、免疫防御等重要生理功能。基于传统的细胞形态学观察方法已经不能对家蚕血细胞的生物学功能进行深入研究。近几年,本实验室通过5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brd U)标记法和细胞特异性的分子标记等方法,对家蚕血细胞的种类、血细胞的增殖发育机制和血细胞的免疫防御功能等进行了较为系统的研究,本文概述在上述几个研究方向中取得的最新进展,为该领域后续深入研究提供理论依据和技术参考。

Studies on the Mutant Systems of the Bombyx mori Gene Bank

Through over ten years of study, more than 1 000 genetic materials including mutant genes, chromosomal variation strains and special genetic materials of Bombyx mori, Linnaeus, collected, introduced or created since 1940s especially late 1980s, have been sorted out and put in order. After identifications and genetic analyses of their morphological, physiological and biochemical characters, the silkworm gene bank was constructed and the preservation system was perfected, and more than 600 silkworm strains were kept in this gene bank. The preserved silkworm mutant genes have covered more than 90% of existent ones across the world, in which, more than 100 are rare and precious mutant genes, and over 60 mutant genes were found and studied for the first time. Through hybrid analyses, linkage tests and three-point gene location tests, a perfect linkage retrieval labeling system of silkworm was established, which included 230 marker genes covering all the 28 linkage groups of Bombyx mori. The gene location system (composite system of recessive genes) of different linkage groups was set up. The intergenic complementation of mutant egg color and third type of maternal heredity egg color have been found, and indicated that the epistatic effect of mutant gene of white egg is universal. Twenty eight independent near isogenic lines marked with morphological mutation gene have been created and a series of novel breeding materials possessing great potential for application such as high feeding efficiency, special sex markers, natural colored silk, resistance to disease, wider feeding range and adjustable parthenogenesis, etc. , have been developed. The sustainable maintenance and management technique system of silkworm gene resources were well established.

辛基酚对家蚕(Bombyx mori L.)生长发育的影响

为探讨辛基酚对鳞翅目模式昆虫家蚕生长发育的影响,使用添加0.01~0.08 g·kg-1辛基酚(4-tert-octylphenol,4-t-OP)的人工饲料饲养家蚕(Bombyx mori L.),研究了4-t-OP对家蚕幼虫和蛹的生长发育速度、生长量、发育整齐度和生命力等影响。结果表明:连续取食0.01 g·kg-1以上浓度4-t-OP的饲料,家蚕幼虫和蛹的生长发育速度(幼虫期和蛹期发育经过时间)、生长量(幼虫期体质量和蛹期茧层量)、生命力(3龄起蚕绝食生命时数、4龄起蚕结茧率、蚕茧的死笼率和羽化率)等都明显下降,抑制眠蚕体质量。4-t-OP对家蚕幼虫生长发育后期、化蛹及羽化等发育变态期的影响更加明显,其在家蚕体内可能有累积效应。添食0.08 g·kg-14-t-OP的家蚕不能完成生活史。研究表明,4-t-OP对家蚕生长发育毒性影响有显著的浓度效应和时间效应。

Zinc finger protein rotund deficiency affects development of the thoracic leg in Bombyx mori

The insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamor- phosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the full length of a zinc finger gene rotund from Bombyx mori （Bmrn）, which contained a 1419 bp open reading frame, and encoded a 473 amino acid protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Bmrn was expressed at higher levels in the epidermis than in other tissues tested, and it showed a very high expression level during metamorphosis. Knock-down of Bmrn produced defects in the tarsus and pretarsus, including the fusion and reduction of tarsomeres, and the developmental arrest of pretarsus. Our data showed that Bmrn is involved in the formation of the tarsus and pretarsus, whereas its homologous gene in Drosophila has been shown to affect three tarsal segments （t2-t4）, suggesting that the remodeling of the leg has involved changes in the patterning of gene regulation during evolution.

Dynamic transcriptome analysis of Bombyx mori embryonic development

Bombyx mori has been extensively studied but the gene expression control of its embryonic development is unclear.In this study,we performed transcriptome profiling of six stages of B.mori embryonic development using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).A total of 12894 transcripts were obtained from the embryos.Of these,12456 transcripts were shared among the six stages,namely,fertilized egg,blastoderm,germ-band,organogenesis,reversal period,and youth period stages.There were 111,48,41,54,77,and 107 transcripts specifically expressed during the six stages,respectively.By analyzing weighted gene correlation networks and differently expressed genes,we found that during embryonic development,many genes related to DNA replication,transcription,protein synthesis,and epigenetic modifications were upregulated in the early embryos.Genes of cuticle proteins,chitin synthesis-related proteins,and neuropeptides were more abundant in the late embryos.Although pathways of juvenile hormone and the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone,and transcription factors were expressed throughout the embryonic development stages,more regulatory pathways were highly expressed around the organogenesis stage,suggesting more gene expression for organogenesis.The results of RNA-seq were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of 16 genes of different pathways.Nucleic acid methylation and seven sites in histone H3 modifications were confirmed by dot blot and western blot.This study increases the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the embryonic developmental process and information on the regulation of B.mori development.

The RNase III enzyme Dicer1 is essential for larval development in Bombyx mori

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes.During the biogenesis of miRNAs,the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double-strand precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs and promotes the assembly of RNA-induced silencing complexes(RISCs).Dicer has been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological processes,including development and immunity,in some insect species.However,the physiological roles of Dicer in lepidopterans remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the function of Bombyx mori Dicer1.We first performed sequence alignment and found that the sequence of functional domains of Dicer1 are varied among Lepidoptera,Diptera,Coleoptera,Blattaria,and Orthoptera.Using a binary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 genome editing approach,we showed that BmDicer1 mutants have arrested development from the 3rd instar into the 4th instar.RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the defects in BmDicer1 mutants are due to dysregulation of genes that encode proteins involved in metabolism,protein degradation,absorption,and renin–angiotensin pathways.Analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that mutation of BmDicer1 altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes.Therefore,our study demonstrates the critical roles of BmDicer1 in miRNA biogenesis and larval development in silkworm.

人工饲料pH值和缓冲性能对家蚕（Bombyx mori）生长发育的影响

由控制饲料的ｐＨ值和缓冲液浓度来确定饲料的缓冲力，并配制不同水平的人工饲料饲育家蚕，检测三者间对饲料质量影响的主次．结果表明：饲料的缓冲力、ｐＨ值以及缓冲液浓度对家蚕的生长发育有显著影响．饲料缓冲液浓度和缓冲力的增加，饲料ｐＨ值的降低，都会引起蚕体重增量、相对生长率和净生长效率的降低，龄期经过的延长、消化后用于能量代谢的食物量的增加．在检验的ｐＨ值范围内（４．０～５．５），饲料ｐＨ值对家蚕生长发育和适口性的影响要小于饲料缓冲力，而略大于缓冲液浓度．

Functional characterization of a low-density lipoprotein receptor in the lepidopteran model,Bombyx mori

The growth and development of metabolous insects are mainly regulated by ecdysone and juvenile hormone.As a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)family,megalin(mgl)is involved in the lipoprotein transport of cholesterol which is an essential precursor for the synthesis of ecdysone.Despite extensive studies in mammals,the function of mgl is still largely unknown in insects.In this study,we characterize the function of mgl in the silkworm Bombyx mori,the model species of Lepidoptera.We find that mgl is broadly present in the genomes of lepidopteran species and evolved with divergence between lepidopterans and Drosophila.The expression pattern suggests a ubiquitous role of mgl in the growth and development in the silkworm.We further perform clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-based mutagenesis of Bmmgl and find that both the development and the silk production of the silkworm are seriously affected by the disruption of Bmmgl.Our results not only explore the function of mgl in Lepidoptera but also add to our understanding of how cholesterol metabolism is involved in the development of insects.

BmSLC7A5 is essential for silk protein synthesis and larval development in Bombyx mori

Insects produce silk to form cocoons,nests,and webs,which are important for their survival and reproduction.However,little is known about the molecular mecha-nism of silk protein synthesis at the translation level.The solute carrier family 7(SLC7)genes are involved in activating the target of rapamycin complex 1(TORC1)signaling pathway and protein translation process,but the physiological roles of SLC7 genes in silk-producing insects have not been reported.Here,we found that amino acid signaling regulates silk protein synthesis and larval development via the L-type amino acid trans-porter 1(LAT1;also known as SLC7A5)in Bombyx mori.A total of 12 SLC7 homologs were identified in the silkworm genome,among which BmSLC7A5 was found to be a silk gland-enriched gene and may be involved in leucine transport.Bioinformatics analy-sis indicated that SLC7A5 displays high homology and a close phylogenetic relationship in silk-producing insects.Subsequently,we found that leucine treatment significantly in-creased silk protein synthesis by improving the transcription and protein levels of silk genes.Furthermore,systemic and silk gland-specific knockout of BmSLC7A5 led to de-creased silk protein synthesis by inhibiting TORC1 signaling,and somatic mutation also resulted in arrested development from the 5th instar to the early pupal stage.Altogether,our study reveals that BmSLC7A5 is involved in regulating silk protein synthesis and larval development by affecting the TORC1 signaling pathway,which provides a new strategy and target for improving silk yield.

Discovering genes responsible for silk synthesis in Bombyx moriby piggyBac-based random insertional mutagenesis

Silkworm mutants are valuable resources for both transgenic breeding and gene discovery. PiggyBac-based random insertional mutagenesis has been widely used in gene functional studies. In order to discover genes involved in silk synthesis, a piggyBac-based random insertional library was constructed using Bombyx mori, and the mutants with abnormal cocoon were particularly screened. By this means, a “thin cocoon” mutant was identified. This mutant revealed thinner cocoon shell and shorter posterior silk gland (PSG) compared with the wild type. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of all the three fibroin genes, including Fib-H, Fib-L and P25, were significantly down-regulated in the PSG of mutants. Four piggyBac insertion sites were identified in Aquaporin (AQP), Longitudinals lacking protein-like {Lola), Glutamyl aminopeptidase-like (GluAP) and Loc101744460. The mRNA levels of all the four genes were significantly altered in the silk gland of mutants. In particular, the mRNA amount of AQP, a gene responsible for the regulation of osmotic pressure, decreased dramatically immediately prior to the spinning stage in the anterior silk gland of mutants. The identification of the genes disrupted in the “thin cocoon” mutant in this study provided useful information for understanding silk production and transgenic breeding of silkworms in the future.

家蚕30K蛋白BmLP1的表达模式及其在胚胎中的作用

家蚕30K蛋白是家蚕血液和卵中的高丰度蛋白,参与营养、免疫、抑制细胞凋亡等功能.探究30K蛋白在家蚕体内的表达模式有助于更清楚地了解30K蛋白的功能.利用生物信息学方法发现4种30K蛋白基因Bmlp1,Bmlp2,Bmlp3和Bmlp7都含有信号肽.其中,Bmlp1与其他30K蛋白的序列相似性小于50%.半定量RT-PCR结果表明,Bmlp1从5龄第3 d到化蛹第1 d在脂肪体中表达量都比较高,之后表达量降低.Western blotting结果表明,BmLP1从5龄第5 d到化蛹第4 d在血淋巴中的含量都比较高,之后含量降低.与血淋巴中的变化趋势不同,卵巢中的BmLP1在上蔟第2 d被检测到,之后含量一直增加,化蛾时含量达到最高.这是由于上蔟第2 d卵巢管迅速长大,血液中的BmLP1等营养蛋白逐渐转运至卵巢管的未受精卵并开始积累.免疫组织化学定位结果表明,在胚胎发育前期,BmLP1分布于蚕卵的卵黄颗粒中,在孵化前期,BmLP1被吞入胚胎的肠道内.体外孵育结果表明,蚁蚕粗提物可以降解BmLP1,暗示蚁蚕肠道内可能存在某种蛋白酶可以将大部分BmLP1水解,最终为蚁蚕的孵化提供能量或者氨基酸.系统分析了BmLP1在不同发育时期脂肪体、血液、卵巢和胚胎中的表达特征,揭示了其在胚胎发育过程中的重要作用.

模拟失重对家蚕胚胎发育的影响及基因表达变化的研究

目的研究模拟失重对家蚕胚胎发育的影响与基因表达变化。方法将通过三维随机回转器模拟失重环境处理的家蚕胚胎作为回转组。对照组是未进行回转处理的同批次家蚕卵。在家蚕胚胎的中期和孵化期分别对回转组和对照组样本进行转录组测序。观察家蚕胚胎发育状态和蚁蚕孵化时间,分析转录组中差异表达的基因。通过GO和KEGG富集分析,探讨差异基因涉及的信号通路,并使用qRT-PCR验证这些差异基因的表达。结果模拟失重使家蚕胚胎发育提前。GO富集分析显示,与对照组相比,回转组胚胎和孵化蚁蚕表达变化的基因均主要富集于催化活性、膜结构和代谢的生物学过程。KEGG通路富集分析显示,与对照组相比,回转组胚胎表达变化的基因主要富集在核糖体和RNA转运通路,而回转组孵化蚁蚕主要富集在代谢、粘着斑和紧密连接通路。qRT-PCR结果表明,与对照组相比,回转组胚胎中的有机阳离子转运蛋白、突触囊泡糖蛋白2B等基因表达显著上调,回转组蚁蚕中的氨肽酶N等基因表达显著上调,而胶原蛋白和钙结合表皮生长因子结构域等基因表达显著下调。结论模拟失重可以加速家蚕胚胎的发育进程,且家蚕胚胎期基因表达对失重环境很敏感。

家蚕生殖调控相关miRNA(Bmo-miR-2763)的靶基因鉴定及表达分析

【目的】miRNAs不仅调控昆虫的变态发育过程,在昆虫的生殖调控中也发挥重要作用。本研究旨在通过对家蚕Bombyx mori生殖调控相关miRNA(Bmo-miR-2763)的靶基因进行鉴定和表达分析,揭示miRNA在家蚕精巢和卵巢发育调控中的潜在分子机制。【方法】利用生物信息学方法预测Bmo-miR-2763的靶基因;利用qRT-PCR检测每头家蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴中注射5μg 20-羟基蜕皮酮(20-hydroxyecdysone,20E)后2,6,12和24 h时Bmo-miR-2763及其预测靶基因BmGRF在脂肪体中的表达量;并利用qRT-PCR检测Bmo-miR-2763及其预测靶基因BmGRF在20E处理24 h时5龄幼虫不同组织(血淋巴、表皮、中肠、头、脂肪体、丝腺、马氏管、精巢和卵巢)以及未处理的正常家蚕4-5龄幼虫、蛹和成虫中的表达量;双荧光酶报告载体系统分析Bmo-miR-2763与其预测靶基因BmGRF的互作。【结果】与对照组相比,20E处理后家蚕5龄幼虫脂肪体中Bmo-miR-2763的表达量显著升高;Bmo-miR-2763的预测靶基因BmGRF也显著上调。Bmo-miR-2763和BmGRF在20E处理后24 h时家蚕5龄幼虫精巢和卵巢中都有较高表达量,且二者在精巢中的表达趋势一致,在卵巢中表达趋势相反;BmGRF在未处理正常家蚕不同发育阶段的表达量变化与Bmo-miR-2763的表达量呈负相关。双荧光素酶活性检测结果显示,Bmo-miR-2763模拟物和BmGRF 3′UTR过表达载体共转染时,荧光素酶活性下降56%,表明Bmo-miR-2763可与靶基因BmGRF 3′UTR区的互作抑制其在翻译水平的表达。【结论】20E可诱导家蚕Bmo-miR-2763的表达,Bmo-miR-2763可通过调控靶基因BmGRF参与家蚕卵巢的发育调控。

20E调控家蚕BmFoxL2-2的分子机制及斜纹夜蛾SlFoxL2-2在精巢中的表达分析

【目的】本研究旨在阐明蜕皮激素20-羟基蜕皮酮(20-hydroxyecdysone,20E)调节家蚕Bombyx mori转录因子基因BmFoxL2-2表达的分子机制,并分析FoxL2-2在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura精巢中的表达模式。【方法】PCR扩增家蚕5龄幼虫精巢基因组中BmFoxL2-2起始密码子上游约2500 bp的启动子序列,通过生物信息学分析预测其潜在的顺式作用元件(cis-regulatory elements,CREs);分别将pEGFP-BmBRC-Z1,pEGFP-BmBRC-Z2,pEGFP-BmBRC-Z4转录因子表达质粒和pGL3-BmFoxL2-2质粒共转染家蚕BmN细胞,通过双荧光素酶活性实验检测BmBRC蛋白对BmFoxL2-2启动子活性的影响;利用1μmol/L 20E处理BmN细胞4 h时,通过qRT-PCR检测BmFoxL2-2的表达量,检测BmBrc-z1和BmBrc-z4的表达量作为对照;通过qRT-PCR检测BmBrc-z1和BmBrc-z4在家蚕不同发育阶段(幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫)精巢中及5龄幼虫和3日龄蛹精巢与卵巢中的表达量;通过生物信息学在斜纹夜蛾基因组数据库鉴定了SlFoxL2-2,利用qRT-PCR检测SlFoxL2-2在斜纹夜蛾6龄幼虫和成虫的精巢与卵巢、6龄幼虫不同组织(脂肪体、中肠、血淋巴、头、表皮和精巢)、不同发育阶段精巢以及6龄幼虫精巢、精子和精巢膜中的表达量。【结果】获得家蚕BmFoxL2-2(Gene ID:101735653)起始密码子上游2500 bp启动子序列,并在序列中预测到13个潜在的BRC蛋白CRE。BmBRC-Z1和BmBRC-Z4可显著上调BmFoxL2-2启动子活性;20E处理BmN细胞4 h时,BmN细胞中BmFoxL2-2,BmBrc-z1和BmBrc-z4的表达量比对照组的显著上调;BmBrc-z1和BmBrc-z4在家蚕幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫精巢中均有表达,在5龄幼虫及3日龄蛹精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢中的。斜纹夜蛾SlFoxL2-2在精巢中有高水平表达,且在精巢和精子中的表达量显著高于在精巢膜中的,可能SlFoxL2-2与精巢发育和精子发生相关。【结论】20E可通过家蚕转录因子BmBRC-Z1和BmBRC-Z4上调BmFoxL2-2的表达,FoxL2-2在调节精巢发育和精子发生中的功能在鳞翅目昆虫中可能是保守的。

不同龄期人工饲料育对优食一号生长发育和茧丝质的影响

以家蚕品种优食一号为研究对象,以全龄桑叶育为对照(CK),研究比较了1~3龄人工饲料育、1~4龄人工饲料育和1~5龄人工饲料育的饲养效果,并检测了不同饲育处理家蚕的丝质成绩。结果表明:优食一号经不同人工饲料育饲养后,其龄期经过、生命力、产茧量、全茧量、茧层量和茧层率等均表现出明显的差异,其中1~3龄人工饲料育处理的饲养效果最好,虽然与CK差异不显著,但是显著优于1~4龄饲料育和1~5龄饲料育的,且1~5龄人工饲料育处理的饲养效果最差;1~3龄饲料育处理的各项丝质成绩指标除了洁净和清洁得分外均明显优于1~4龄人工饲料育和1~5龄人工饲料育的。因此,目前适于江西农村推广普及的家蚕饲料育方式为1~3龄人工饲料育。