Theoretical Study of the N-NO_2 Bond Dissociation Energies for Energetic Materials with Density Functional Theory

The N-NO2 bond dissociation energies （BDEs） for 7 energetic materials were computed by means of accurate density functional theory （B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86） with 6-31G＊＊ and 6-311G＊＊ basis sets. By comparing the computed energies and experimental results, we find that the B3P86/6-311G＊＊ method can give good results of BDE, which has the mean absolute deviation of 1.30kcal/mol. In addition, substituent effects were also taken into account. It is noted that the Hammett constants of substituent groups are related to the BDEs of the N-NO2 bond and the bond dissociation energies of the energetic materials studied decrease when increasing the number of NO2 group.

Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines.

Quantum chemical calculations of bond dissociation energies for COOH scission and electronic structure in some acids

Quantum chemical calculations are performed to investigate the equilibrium C-COOH bond distances and the bond dissociation energies（BDEs） for 15 acids.These compounds are studied by utilizing the hybrid density functional theory（DFT）（B3LYP,B3PW91,B3P86,PBE1PBE） and the complete basis set（CBS-Q） method in conjunction with the 6311G^＊＊ basis as DFT methods have been found to have low basis sets sensitivity for small and medium molecules in our previous work.Comparisons between the computational results and the experimental values reveal that CBS-Q method,which can produce reasonable BDEs for some systems in our previous work,seems unable to predict accurate BDEs here.However,the B3P86 calculated results accord very well with the experimental values,within an average absolute error of 2.3 kcal/mol.Thus,B3P86 method is suitable for computing the reliable BDEs of C-COOH bond for carboxylic acid compounds.In addition,the energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） of studied compounds are estimated,based on which the relative thermal stabilities of the studied acids are also discussed.

Assessment of Contemporary Theoretical Methods for Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The density functional theory （DFT） is the most popular method for evaluating bond dis- sociation enthalpies （BDEs） of most molecules. Thus, we are committed to looking for alternative methods that can balance the computational cost and higher precision to the best for large systems. The performance of DFT, double-hybrid DFT, and high-level com- posite methods are examined. The tested sets contain monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic molecules, branched hydrocarbons, small inorganic molecules, etc. The results show that the mPW2PLYP and G4MP2 methods achieve reasonable agreement with the benchmark val- ues for most tested molecules, and the mean absolute deviations are 2.43 and 1.96 kcal/mol after excluding the BDEs of branched hydrocarbons. We recommend the G4MP2 is the most appropriate method for small systems （atoms number≤20）; the double-hybrid DFT methods are advised for large aromatic molecules in medium size （20≤atoms number≤50）, and the double-hybrid DFT methods with empirical dispersion correction are recommended for long-chain and branched hydrocarbons in the same size scope; the DFT methods are ad- vised to apply for large systems （atoms number〉50）, and the M06-2X and B3P86 methods are also favorable. Moreover, the differences of optimized geometry of different methods are discussed and the effects of basis sets for various methods are investigated.

Density Functional Theoretical Study on Antioxidant Activity of Four Anthocyanins from Purple Sweet Potato

This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant mechanism of four different anthocyanins in purple sweet potato. The DPPH test and the lipid peroxidation inhibition ability test were used to analyze the in vitro antioxidant activity of four anthocyanins, and then the optimal structure, bond dissociation energy(BDE) and ionization potential(IP) of the anthocyanins and their simplified molecular models were analyzed by density functional theoretical study, and the antioxidant mechanisms were explored. The results showed that OH-4′ phenolic hydroxyl group of the four anthocyanins has the highest activity, and its bond dissociation energy is less than that of resveratrol. The theoretical calculation results of antioxidant activity are consistent with the results of in vitro antioxidant tests. The results showed that anthocyanins of purple sweet potato have good antioxidant activity, and the DFT method provides a powerful theoretical basis for the development of anthocyanin antioxidant activity.

Theoretical Study of Remote Substituent Effects on X-H （X=CH2, NH, O） Bond Dissociation Energies of Azulene

In the study, the X-H （X=CH2, NH, O） bond dissociation energies （BDE） of para-substituted azulene （Y-C10H8X-H） were predicted theoretically for the first time using Density Functronal Theory （DFT） methods at UB3LYP/6-311 ＋ ＋g（2df,2p）//UB3LYP/6-31 ＋g（d） level. It was found that the substituents exerted similar effects on the X-H BDE of azulene as those on benzene, except for 6-substituted 2-methylazulene. Owing to the substituent-dipole interaction, the reaction constants （ρ^＋） of 2- and 6-Y-CIoHsX-H （X=NH and O only） varied violently. The origin of the substituent effects on the X-H BDE of azulene was found, by both GE/RE and SIE theory, to be directly associated with variation of the radical effects, although the ground effects also played a modest role in determining the net. substituent effects.

Research on C—C Bond Length Distribution in Hydrocarbon Molecules

The C--C bond dissociation energy （BDE） is a very important data in research of hydrocarbon cracking reactions, because it reflects the difficulty level of chemical reactions. But it is very difficult to obtain the C--C bond dissociation energy （BDE） by experiments, so using quantum chemistry calculation such as density functional theory （DFT） to study the C--C bond dissociation energy is a very useful means. The impact of acceptor substituents and donor substituents on the C--C bond length distribution was studied.

Theoretical Investigations on the Structure,Density,Thermodynamic and Performance Properties of Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal

Density functional method was used to investigate the IR spectrum, heat of forma- tion and thermal stability of a new energetic material bis（2,2-dinitropropyl） formal （BDNPF）. The detonation velocity and pressure were evaluated by using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the theoretical density and heat of formation. The bond dissociation energies for the weakest bonds were analyzed to investigate the thermal stability of the title compound. The results show that the C（I ）-N（I ） bond is predicted to be the trigger bond during pyrolysis. The crystal structure obtained by molecular mechanics belongs to the P21 space group, with the lattice parameters to be Z = 2, a = 11.5254, b = 6.2168, c = 9.5000 A andp= 1.66 g/cm3.

巯基化合物键离解能的密度泛函和CBS-Q方法研究

利用密度泛函方法(B3LYP、B3PW91、B3P86、PBE0)结合6-311G**基组和完全基组(CBS-Q)方法计算了15种巯基化合物的键离解能。结果表明,CBS-Q和B3P86是计算巯基化合物键离解能的可靠方法。为了检验非局域BLYP方法是否适合研究巯基化合物的键离解能以及B3P86方法是否对基组敏感,利用BLYP/6-31+G*方法和B3P86方法结合6-31+G*、6-31+G**和6-311+G**基组,计算了7种巯基化合物的键离解能,并将所得结果与实验结果进行了比较,研究发现B3P86方法对基组不敏感。考虑到CBS-Q方法的计算成本和B3P86计算的可靠性,B3P86方法结合适中的或较大的基组可以准确计算巯基化合物中C-SH键的离解能。

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯二聚体键离能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行了计算.为了选取较为精确的方法来计算PBT各个键的键离能,以与PBT具有相同的酯基官能团的乙酸乙酯为模型参照物.采用M062X,B3P86,M06,PBE0,wB97xD方法分别在基组6-31G(d),6-311G(d),6-311+G(d,p),6-311++G(d,p),cc-pVDZ,cc-pVTZ水平下对乙酸乙酯的键离能进行计算.通过对比计算结果与iBonD数据库的乙酸乙酯实验测定值可知,M062X在基组6-311G(d)水平下计算结果与实验值最为接近.因此,本研究采用M062X方法在基组6-311G(d)水平下对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行计算.计算结果表明:在PBT的各键中C-C_(arcmatic)键的键离能最大,主链上的C-C键离能最小,为370.9 kJ/mol.其次就是C-O键,为404.6 kJ/mol.基于PBT键离能的计算结果,设计了3条PBT二聚体热降解过程可能形成的反应路径,分析了热解产物的形成机理.结果表明PBT二聚体热解过程可能主要进行协同反应.

Theoretical studies on a series of nitroaliphatic energetic compounds

Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G＊＊ level are performed to study the geometric and elec- tronic structures of a series of nitroaliphatic compounds. The heats of formation （HOF） are predicted through the designed isodesmic reactions. Thermal stabilities are evaluated via the homolytic bond dissociation energies （BDEs）. Further, the correlation is developed between impact sensitivity h50% and the ratio （BDE/E） of the weakest BDE to the total energy E containing zero point energy correction. In addition, the relative stability of the title compounds is evaluated based on the analysis of calculated Mulliken population and the energy gaps between the frontier orbitals. The calculated BDEs, HOFs, and energy gaps consistently indicate that compound 1,1,1,6,6,6-hexanitro-3-hexyne is the most unstable and the compound 3,3,4,4,-tetranitro-hexane is the most stable. These results provide basic information for the molecular design of novel high energetic density materials.

木质素模化物键离解能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3P86方法,在6-31G(d,p)基组水平上,对木质素结构中的6种连接方式(β-O-4、α-O-4、4-O-5、β-1、α-1、5-5)的63个木质素模化物的醚键(C-O)和C-C键的键离解能EB进行了理论计算研究。分析了不同取代基对键离解能的影响以及键长与键离解能的相关性。计算结果表明,C-O键的键离解能通常比C-C键的小,在各种醚键中Cα-O键的平均键离解能最小,为182.7 k J/mol;其次是β-O-4连接中的Cβ-O键,苯环和烷烃基上的取代基对醚键的键离解能有较强的弱化作用,C-O键的键长和键离解能的相关性较差。与C-O键相比,C-C键的键离解能受苯环上取代基的影响很小,而烷烃基上的取代基对C-C键的键离解能有较大的影响,C-C键的键离解能和键长之间存在较强的线性关系,C-C键的键长越长,其键离解能越小。

NO2,OH和OH^-对环四甲撑四硝胺初始热解的影响

在密度泛函理论的(DFT)B3LYP/6-31g(d)水平上,优化得到了环四甲撑四硝胺(β-HMX)及其与高氯酸铵(AP)裂解产物NO2、OH及OH-分别形成复合物的各种稳定构型,计算了β-HMX及各复合物中最弱的N—NO2键解离能.结果发现:β-HMX与NO2、OH结合后构型变化不是很大,但对称性降低;β-HMX与OH-结合后,HMX构型发生较大变化,原有的对称性明显遭到破坏.计算表明:NO2易与HMX骨架环上亚甲基(—CH2—)中的H作用,"置换"出H而引发HMX的热解,从而改变了HMX的初始分解通道;OH对HMX的N—NO2键解离影响不大,而OH-与β-HMX结合后其N—NO2键解离能比β-HMX降低近200kJ.mol-1,表明OH-对其裂解有明显的促进作用.NO2、OH-的存在可使HMX的分解温度大大降低.

分子内氢键对屏蔽酚抗氧化活性的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的量子化学从头算法计算了不同分子结构屏蔽酚的O—H键解离能(EBD),采用压力差示扫描量热仪测定了屏蔽酚在润滑油基础油中的抗氧化活性,考察了屏蔽酚的EBD与其抗氧化活性之间的关系,并重点探究了结构因素对邻位桥联屏蔽双酚EBD的影响。结果表明,屏蔽酚的活性构象EBD越小,其抗氧化活性越高。分子内氢键对邻位桥联屏蔽双酚的EBD可以产生显著影响。对于邻位桥联屏蔽双酚分子而言,其最低能量构象存在2个O—H┅π氢键,EBD较高,并非抗氧化活性构象;存在1个O—H┅O氢键的局部最低能量构象,EBD相对较低,为抗氧化活性构象。邻位亚甲基桥联屏蔽双酚分子的内旋转能垒较低,容易形成EBD较低的活性构象,这是其抗氧化效果突出的主要原因。

硝酸酯的热分解性能

分别在B3LYP/6-31G*和MP2/6-31G*的理论水平下,计算得到硝酸正丙酯、硝酸异丙酯、硝酸异辛酯和二缩三乙二醇二硝酸酯4种硝酸酯的O-NO2键离解能(BDE)。采用常压DSC和高压DSC实验方法,研究了4种硝酸酯的热分解过程,获得热分解反应动力学参数。常压下4种物质的热分解反应发生在气相区,当压力增大至2MPa时,4种物质直接发生液相分解反应。4种硝酸酯的O—NO2键离解能在很大程度上符合由实验分析得到的活化能,表明4种硝酸酯的热分解反应只是单分子O—NO键的均裂反应。

高能量密度材料3,3′-偶氮-1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物的分子设计

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,计算系列3,3′-偶氮-1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物的生成热.结果显示:—N3取代基在增加3,3′-偶氮-1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物的生成热方面起了非常重要的作用.通过分析标题化合物的最弱键离解能发现:—NH2或—N3取代基非常有利于增加衍生物的热稳定性.计算的爆速(D)和爆压(p)数值表明:—NO2或—NF2取代基有利于提高3,3′-偶氮-1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物的爆轰性能.综合爆轰性能和热稳定性的计算结果,3种3,3′-偶氮-1,2,4,5-四嗪衍生物可以作为潜在的品优高能量密度材料(HEDM)候选物.

三硝基甲烷键离解能和生成焓的理论计算

采用密度泛函(DFT)四种交换/相关函数(B3LYP、B3P86、B3PW91和PBE0)结合不同的基函数,求得了三硝基甲烷C-NO2键的离解能(BDE),并且通过合理选择参考物硝基甲烷,设计等键等电子对反应,计算了气相三硝基甲烷分子的生成焓(HOF).与实验数据进行比较,PBE0/6-31g*计算出的BDE值最好,误差为-2.1 kcal mol-1;PBE0密度泛函结合带极化函数的6-31g基组得到的HOF值与实验值吻合的最好(误差在0.1 kcal mol-1以内).

β-O-4型木质素二聚体中键离解能的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d,p)基组水平上对5种β-O-4型木质素二聚体的醚键和C-C键的键离解能进行了理论计算与分析。计算结果表明,各种键离解能中,Cβ-O键的离解能最小,其次是Cα-Cβ键,各键离解能的大小顺序为:Cβ-O<Cα-Cβ<Caromatic-O<Caromatic-Cα。模化物1上氢原子被取代基(甲氧基、羟甲基、甲基或羟基)取代后的衍生物的Cβ-O和Cα-Cβ键的键离解能有所降低,而Caromatic-O和Caromatic-Cα键的键离解能变化不大。在木质素的热解过程中,Cβ-O键优先断裂,是热解引发键,Cα-Cβ键的断裂是一条主要的竞争路径。

氢键和分子-离子相互作用对奥克托今(HMX)引发键影响的理论研究

为了寻找能够降低炸药感度的方法,借助B3LYP和MP2(full)理论,在B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)、B3LYP/aug-cc-p VTZ和MP2(full)/6-311++G(2df,2p)三种水平下,分别研究了与HMX形成的12种复合物(六种氢键复合物和六种分子-离子复合物),并对引发键N-NO2键长和强度的变化及硝基电荷的变化等进行了详细的考量,最后借助分子中原子(AIM)理论揭示了结构和能量变化的本质.结果表明,在形成复合物后,引发键键长变短,离解能增大,硝基电荷增多,引发键增强,感度降低,同时引发键离解能的变化(ΔBDEs)与这两种相互作用能呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9984).