Differential bonding behaviors of sodium/potassium-ion storage in sawdust waste carbon derivatives

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) are the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, and thus have drawn intensive research attention. Porous carbon materials from different precursors have been widely used as anode materials owing to their compatible storage effectiveness of both larger radii sodium and potassium ions. However, the differential bonding behaviors of Na and K ions with porous carbon-based anode are the significant one worth investigating, which could provide a clean picture of alkali ions storage mechanism. Therefore, in this work, we prepare a porous carbon network derived from sawdust(SDC) wastes, to further analyze the differences on sodium and potassium ions storage behaviors in terms of bond-forming process. It is found that, as-prepared SDC anodes could deliver stable sodium and potassium storage capacities, however, there are notable distinctions in terms of electrochemical behaviors and diffusion processes. By virtue of ex-situ XRD and Raman spectroscopy, the phase transition reaction of potassium ions could be well-observed, and the results shows that the multiple intercalated compounds was formed in SDC network during ions insertion, further resulting in slower diffusion kinetics and larger resistance compared to non-bonded process of sodium ions storage. This study provides more insights into the differences between sodium and potassium ions storage, as well as the energy storage mechanism of porous carbon as anodes for secondary batteries.

Advance in Researches on Bond Behavior for Steel-Corroded Concrete Members

The steel corrosion in concrete is widely reported over the last two to three decades. Much effort has been devoted to researching the causes and mechanisms of reinforcement corrosion and to the questions of durability for concrete structures, but relatively little attention has been devoted to the problem of assessing the effect of bond loss due to corrosion on the structural behavior of corroded elements. From the test results on corroded specimens, the mechanism of degradation in bond behavior between corroded bars and concrete, and the effects of bond loss on structural performances are summarized. Results show that corrosion level, cover depth-W-bar diameter ratio, surface condition of re/nforcement, stirrups, etc. can influence the bond behavior of corroded bars. In addition, the deterioration in bond due to corrosion may induce reduction in bearing capacity, degradation of serviceability, and the loss in ductility for steel-corroded concrete members.

Flexural Bond Behavior of Rebar in Ultra-High Performance Concrete Beams Considering Lap-Splice Length and Cover Depth

This study intends to find out the correlation between the cover depth and the bond characteristics of UHPC through pull-out tests of UHPC specimens with different cover depths and bond tests of rebar using flexural members. In this experimental study, specimens are fabricated with the lap-splice length as test variable in relation with the calculation of the lap-splice length for 180- MPa UHPC. Moreover, specimens are also fabricated with the cover depth as test variable to evaluate the effect of the cover depth on the UHPC flexural members. The load-displacement curves are analyzed for each of these test variables to compute the lap-splice length proposed in the K-UHPC structural design guideline and to evaluate the influence of the cover depth on the flexural members. As a result, the stability of the structural behavior can be significantly enhanced by increasing slightly the cover depth specification of the current UHPC Structure Design Guideline from the maximum value between 1.5 times of rebar diameter and 20 mm to the maximum value between 1.5 times of rebar diameter and 25 mm.

Bond Behavior between Recycled Concrete Containing CDW and Different Types of Steel Bars

The operation of reinforced concrete structures is directly associated with the adhesion between the steel bar and the concrete,which allows the inter­nal forces to be transferred to the reinforcement during the process of load­ing the structural elements.The modification of the concrete composition,with the introduction of recycled aggregate from construction and demoli­tion waste(CDW),affects the steel-concrete interface and can modify the bonding stress,which is also influenced by the type and diameter of the bar used.In this work,the influence of the recycled fine aggregate(RFA)and types of steel bar on the steel-concrete bond was experimentally evaluated using the pullout test.Conventional concrete and recycled concrete,with RFA replacement level of 25%,were produced.Two types of steel rebars(i.e.,plain and deformed)with diameters of 10.0 and 16.0 mm were con­sidered in this paper.The results indicate a reduction in the adhesion stress with the introduction of recycled aggregate,but this trend is influenced by the diameter of the bar used.The use of ribbed bars modifies the stress bon-slip behavior,with an increase in the average bond strength,which is also observed with the reduction of the diameter of the bar.

Reliability analysis for anchorage of reinforced concrete beams with longitudinal cracks due to corrosion at anchorage zone

An anchorage reliability analysis approach for simply supported reinforced concrete beams under corrosion attack in the anchorage zone is developed.The first-order second-moment method is employed to analyze the effects of various factors on the anchorage reliability.These factors include both the length and width of cover cracking due to reinforcement corrosion,the cover thickness,the anchorage length,and the stirrup ratio.The results show that the effect of corrosion-induced crack length on the reliability index for anchorage,β0,is negligible when the crack on the concrete surface is just appearing,but with the crack widening,the β0 value is reduced significantly;the considerable changes in β0 result from a variation in cover depth and anchorage length;the effect of changes in the diameter or space of stirrups on the anchorage resistance is very limited,and the variation in β0 is also very low.

Seismic response of concrete gravity dam reinforced with FRP sheets on dam surface

This paper aims at exploring the effects of anti-seismic reinforcement with the fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） material bonded to the dam surface in dam engineering. Time-history analysis was performed to simulate the seismic failure process of a gravity dam that was assumed to be reinforced at the locations of slope discontinuity at the downstream surface, part of the upstream face, and the dam heel. A damage model considering the influence of concrete heterogeneity was used to model the nonlinearity of concrete. A bond-slip model was applied to the interface between FRP and concrete, and the reinforcement mechanism was analyzed through the bond stress and the stress in FRP. The results of the crack pattern, displacement, and acceleration of the reinforced dam were compared with those of the original one. It is shown that FRP, as a reinforcement material, postpones the occurrence of cracks and slows the crack propagation, and that cracks emanating from the upstream surface and downstream surface are not connected, meaning that the reinforced dam can retain water-impounding function when subjected to the earthquake. Anti-seismic reinforcement with FRP is therefore beneficial to improving the seismic resistant capability of concrete dams.

Anisotropic Porous Ti6Al4V Alloys Fabricated by Diffusion Bonding:Adaption of Compressive Behavior to Cortical Bone Implant Applications

In this work, porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 30%-70% porosity for biomedical applications were fabricated by diffusion bonding of alloy meshes. Pore structure was characterized by Micro-CT and SEM. Compressive behavior in the out-of-plane direction and biocompatibility with cortical bone were studied. The results reveal that the fabricated porous Ti6Al4V alloys possess anisotropic structure with square pores in the in-plane direction and elongated pores in the out-of-plane direction. The average pore size of porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 30%-70% porosity is in the range of 240-360 Bin. By tailoring diffusion bonding temperature, aspect ratio of alloy meshes and porosity, porous Ti6Al4V alloys with different compressive properties can be obtained, for instance, Young＇s modulus and yield stress in the ranges of 4-40 GPa and 70-500 MPa, respectively. Yield stress of porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by diffusion bonding is close to that of alloys fabricated by rapid prototyping, hut higher than that of fabricated by powder sintering and space-holder method. Diffusion bonding temperature has some effects on the yield stress of porous Ti6Al4V alloys, but has a minor effect on the Young＇s modulus. The relationship between compressive properties and relative density conforms well to the Gibson-Ashby model. The Young＇s modulus is linear with the aspect ratio, while the yield stress is linear with the square of aspect ratio of alloy meshes. Porous Ti6Al4V alloys with 60%-70% porosity have potential for cortical bone implant applications.

Durability of concrete structures strengthened with FRP laminates

Based on the fast freeze-thaw cycling test, the alkaline immersion test, the water immersion test and the wet-thermal exposure test, the influence of aggressive environments on mechanical behavior of FRP was studied. CFRP specimens subjected to aggressive environments showed good durability with no significant degradation in tensile strength and modulus; however, GFRP specimens exhibited a little decrease in mechanical property after aggressive environments exposure. Based on the fast freeze-thaw cycling test and the wet-thermal exposure test, the influence of aggressive environments on the bond behavior between FRP and concrete, mechanical behavior of concrete beams and columns strengthened with FRP laminates was studied. The results showed that the bond strength had a significant decrease compared with those specimens kept at room temperature, and the specimens strengthened with FRP exhibited good durability.