Mechanical force enhanced bony formation in defect implanted with calcium sulphate cement

To improve the osteogenic property of bone repairing materials and to accelerate bone healing are major tasks in bone biomaterials research. The objective of this study was to investigate if the mechanical force could be used to accelerate bone formation in a bony defect in vivo. The calcium sulfate cement was implanted into the left distal femoral epiphyses surgically in 16 rats. The half of rats were subjected to external mechanical force via treadmill exercise, the exercise started at day 7 postoperatively for 30 consecutive days and at a constant speed 8 m·min-1 for 45 min·day-1, while the rest served as a control. The rats were scanned four times longitudinally after surgery using microcomputed tomography and newly formed bone was evaluated. After sacrificing, the femurs had biomechanical test of three-point bending and histological analysis. The results showed that bone healing under mechanical force were better than the control with residual defect areas of 0.64±0.19 mm2 and 1.78±0.39 mm2（P〈0.001）, and the ultimate loads to failure under mechanical force were 69.56±4.74 N, stronger than the control with ultimate loads to failure of 59.17±7.48 N（P=0.039）. This suggests that the mechanical force might be used to improve new bone formation and potentially offer a clinical strategy to accelerate bone healing.

Bony connection to vascular dysfunction and implications on hypertension

Bone morphogenic protein 4（BMP4） belongs into the transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） superfamily.BMP4 was originally discovered to par- ticipate in embryonic development,bone and cartilage formation.BMP4 is up-regulated in calcified atherosclerotic plaques and reduces endothelium-de-pendent relaxations.BMP4 can stimulate superoxide production and exert pro-inflammatory effects on the endothelium.The underlying mechanisms of how BMP4 mediates endothelial dysfunction and hypertension remain to be elucidated.Our recent study shows that BMP treatment led to the impaired en-dothelium -dependent relaxations（EDR）,exaggerated endothelium-dependent contractions（EDC） and reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation in mouse aortas,which were reversed by BMP4 antagonist noggin.Pharmacological inhibition with thromboxane-prostanoid receptor antagonist or cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） but not cyclooxygenase-1（COX-1） inhibitor attenuates the BMP4-induced endothelial dysfunction which was further confirmed with the use of COX-1-/- or COX-2-/- mice.Noggin and knockdown of BMP receptor 1A abolished EDC and COX-2 up-regulation in BMP4-treated mouse aortas. Apocynin and tempol treatment were effective in restoring EDR,preventing EDC,eliminating ROS over-production and COX-2 over-expression in BMP4-treated aortae.COX-2 inhibition blocked the effect of BMP4 without affecting BMP4-induced ROS over-production and COX-2 up-regulation.Significantly, renal arteries from hypertensive rats and humans showed higher levels of COX-2 and BMP4 accompanied by endothelial dysfunction.We show for the first time that ROS serve as a pathological link between BMP4 stimulation and the downstream COX-2 up-regulation in endothelial cells,leading to endothelial dysfunction.This BMP4/ROS/COX-2 cascade is important in the maintenance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.

The pair ringer technology for bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament under arthroscopy

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effects of the pair ringer technology for bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament under arthroscopy.Methods From January 2005 to July 2009,23 patientswere treated with the

Expression of transforming growth factor-β in local bony callus in traumatic brain injury combined with extremity fracture in rats

Objective To investigate gene expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in local bony callus in tracumatic brain in jury combined with extremity long bone fracture in rats.Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomized into 2 even

COMPUTER-AIDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AND MEASUREMENT OF BONY AND MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

We used three methods to reconstruct a same bony and membranous labyrinth by an image processing work station(IPWS). Three dimensional (3-D)models of the bony and membranous labyrinth were thus obtained.Different parts of the labyrinth were measured and the spatial relationship

Electrosynthesis and Characterization of Poly（N-（9-fluorenylmethoxycarbony）-glycine）

High-quality poly（N-（9-fluorenylmethoxycarbony）-glycine） （PFG）, a new kind of soluble polyfluorene deriva- tive, was successfully synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of N-（9-fluorenylmethoxycar- bony）-glycine （FG） in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE）. The onset oxidation potential of FG in BFEE was only 0.6 V vs. Pt, which was much lower than that in acetonitrile ＋0.1 mol/L tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoro- borate （TBATFB）. PFG film obtained from BFEE showed good electrochemical activity and thermal stability. It in- dicates that BFEE is a better medium for the electrosynthesis of PFG film. PFG is highly soluble in common or- ganic solvents, facilitating potential applications as a blue-light-emitting material. Fluorescent spectra revealed that PFG was a good blue-light emitter. Results of FT-IR and IH NMR spectra indicated the polymerization location of N-（9-fluorenylmethoxycarbony）-glycine occurred mainly at C（2） and C（7） positions of the fluorine ring.

Pattern of bony injuries among civilian gunshot victims at tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Purpose： Firearm injuries impose a continuous economic burden on society and hospital resources. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of bony injuries among victims of gunshots. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital l〈arachi from January 2011 to December 2012. Patients with isolated bony injuries were included while patients with other systemic injuries were excluded. Results： There were 90 cases and the majority of them were male （84.4%）. Mean age was （32.52 ± 10.27） years. Most of the patients （72.2%） belong to the younger age group. A low velocity weapon was used in 61 （67.8%） cases and a high velocity weapon was used in 29 （32.2%） cases. Armed robbery （64.4%） was the cause of conflict in more than half of the cases. Lower limb was involved in 72.2%. Fifty eight （64.4%） patients remained hospitalized for 15-20 days and others for more than 20 days. Internal fixation with intramedullary nailing was done in 35 patients while K-wire was used in 5 patients. Fifty patients were managed with external fixation, either uniplanar or multiplanar ilizarov. Deep wound infection and nonunion were observed more often in high velocity injuries. Conclusion： Armed robbery was the leading cause of gunshot bony injuries in our hospital. Young males were victimized in a majority of cases. High velocity injuries were associated with more complications.

分数阶各向异性Navier-Stokes方程初值问题解的存在性

研究仅有水平分数阶耗散的不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,利用Bony分解和双线性估计证明了当1/2<α<2/3,s_(0)>1-α/2时Navier-Stokes初值问题在各向异性Sobolev函数空间H^(2-2α,s_(0))(R^(3))中解的存在性.

An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the Gaza Strip-Palestine

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The Alexandria Pompano (Alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

Morphogenesis of Floating Bone Segments: A Legacy of Serial Tensile Cross-Strut Microdamage in Trabecular Disconnection “Crumple Zones”?

Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.

黏性系数依赖于密度的可压缩磁流体方程组解的存在性

在假设初始密度ρ0有界(即0<m<ρ0<M)的情况下,通过构造逼近解序列,利用紧致性讨论序列收敛的方法,研究了RN(N≥2)上黏性系数依赖于密度的可压缩磁流体方程组在临界Besov空间中的局部解的存在性问题。

A NEW LOOK AT LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS: REVIEW OF A SERIES OF 55 CASES

Objective: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been well described only in children. We analyzed the characteristics, reactivation, and outcome of LCH in a cohort of 55 patients across all ages. Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients with LCH treated at a single institute between Jan. 1974 and May 1998. Results: The 55 patients were 2 to 67 years of age (median, 31 years) at the time of diagnosis, and 85.5% were male. Forty patients (72.7%) had single-system LCH; Fifteen (27.3%) had multisystem disease. The head and neck was the most frequent tumor site (63.6%). LCH was not found in organs at risk of involvement (liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs). The frequency of bony invasion (23.6% overall) differed significantly according to age ≤15 years (66.7%) vs. age >15 years (11.6%) (P=0.0005). At a median follow-up of 12 years, no patient died of LCH. The 5, 10-year survival estimates were 100%. The 5, 10-year disease-free survival estimates were 70.9% and 58.4%. The 5-year disease-free survival estimate was 58.3% for age ≤ 15 years vs. 74.4% for age >15 years (P=0.83) and 75% for single-system disease vs. 60% for multisystem disease (P=0.13). LCH was reactivated in 43.6% of patients, with a median of 14 months (range, 2-180 months). Three patients with recurrent disease experienced spontaneous remission. At the time of the most recent follow-up, 23.6% of survivors had active disease. Conclusion: LCH is not found exclusively in children and adolescents. The frequency of bone invasion is inversely related to age. Reactivation is very common regardless of the type of treatment, but the prognosis is generally good.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines compliance of a sarcoma service:A retrospective review

BACKGROUND Clinical workup and treatment guidelines have been published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)to ensure patients are treated uniformly and appropriately.This study sought to retrospectively review patients with a new diagnosis of sarcoma who were treated in a National Cancer Institute(NCI)designated center and determine compliance rates with guidelines for sarcoma.AIM To evaluate our compliance of NCCN sarcoma guidelines at a major NCI designated center and to report instances of deviation that could be used for future studies to improve patient care.METHODS Data was collected retrospectively as an internal review and quality assessment of 35 newly diagnosed and treated patients.Demographic data were recorded and information concerning whether patients had appropriate imaging,biopsy and management.Variables of interest were expressed as raw numbers and percentages.RESULTS Primary site imaging was obtained in 100%of cases.Chest and full-body imaging were obtained in 97%and 100%of indicated cases,respectively.Tissue was obtained preoperatively in 97%of cases.Imaging was reviewed at multidisciplinary Treatment Planning Conference(TPC)in 97%of cases.Pathology was reviewed in 94%of cases in TPC.Both tumor,node,metastasis staging and plan of care were reviewed in 100%of cases in TPC.Treatment guidelines were followed in 94%of cases reviewed.CONCLUSION This study evaluated the workup and treatment provided by a single NCI designated sarcoma service to a series of patients with pathologies defined with the NCCN sarcoma treatment guidelines.Although adherence to NCCN was reported to be very high future prospective studies are required to investigate whether NCCN guidelines impact patient outcomes.

Stafne’s Bone Defect in Atypical Location: Between the Subcondylar Region and Neck of the Mandible Ramus

CONTEXT: Stafne’s bone defect is a benign lesion appearing on the image as a round radiolucent lesion within a cortical defect on the mandible. CASE REPORT: We attend one 46-year-old male patient came for diagnostic evaluation of a rounded and radiolucent lesion in the transition of the subcondylar region and neck of the left mandible ramus incidentally found by a dentist. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in medical radiology and a Stafne’s cyst was diagnosed in an atypical location. CONCLUSION: We emphasize that Stafne’s bone defect is a benign lesion, whose imaging diagnosis can be conclusive, avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures.

Silver nitrate mimicking a foreign body in the pharyngeal mucosal space

Silver nitrate is sometimes used as a means of chemicalcauterization for control of minor bleeding and management of hypergranulation tissue following bedside head and neck procedures. There are only few reports available on the imaging appearance of silver nitrate and its potential to mimic a foreign body. We report a case of a patient presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia, and fever following dental work who had a peritonsillar incision and drainage for treatment of a deep neck space infection. During the procedure, silver nitrate was applied to halt the bleeding. Patient was subsequently transferred to another institution. Since the patient was not showing significant clinical improvement on antibiotic therapy, a computed tomography(CT) scan was performed demonstrating a hyperdense structure lodged in the pharyngeal mucosal space in the oropharynx and soft palate that was mistaken for a foreign body such as bone. Silver nitrate can have density similar to bone but does not have the normal architecture of bone with cortex and marrow on CT. Familiarity with the appearance of silver nitrate on CT, lack of bone architecture, and proper documentation and communication of the use of silver nitrate to the consultant radiologist and medical personnel could help avoid misdiagnosis and potentially unnecessary surgical exploration.

Bone Defect Reconstruction in a 2 Years Old Boy with Non-Vascularized Fibular Graft Using the Induced Membrane Technique in Country with Low-Income: A Case Report

Chronic osteomyelitis in children is frequent in the developing countries. Their complications and morbidity burden the functional prognosis. The reconstruction of diaphyseal bone loss after sequestrectomy in young children remains a difficult and expensive challenge in our context. The delay in care and the lack of social security for all, are risk factors for morbidity. The induced membrane technique described by Masquelet starts to be applied and showed satisfactory results. We report the results of a case of reconstruction of the proximal humerus by using a non-vascularized fibula and supplemental bone substitute in a boy of 2 years with sickle cell. No scarring occurred at the sampling site. The process of bone consolidation is underway.

三维随机本原方程组在Fourier-Besov空间中解的整体存在性

众所周知,三维随机本原方程组是描述大气和海洋动力学行为的基本方程组,本文将主要研究其初值问题解的整体存在性理论。首先,运用Littlewood-Paley理论和Bony仿积分解技巧,建立了Stokes-Coriolis-Stratification半群新的双线性估计。然后,建立相应随机线性初值问题解的有界性估计,结合叠加原理以及不动点定理,在小初值和小随机外力的假设条件下,证明了三维随机本原方程组在Fourier-Besov空间中温和解的整体存在性和唯一性。本文的主要结果是对经典三维本原方程组初值问题解的整体存在性理论在随机情形下的推广。

CT Scan of the Foot in Patients with Chronic Non-Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease where there is an increased blood sugar level in the body which is either caused due to inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin or the body’s inability to utilize it. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly worldwide. Statistics show that in the year 2014, there were a total of 422 million cases of DM. Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of heart attacks, kidney failure, blindness and leg amputations. Diabetic foot ulcers are quite common and are estimated to affect nearly 15% of all diabetic patients during their lifetime. In long standing diabetic patients with chronic non-healing ulcers, bony changes or deformities are not uncommon. These bony changes can be identified using CT scans. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on a total of 40 patients with chronic non-healing ulcer attending the surgery outpatient department of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu. The CT-scans of their foot were observed for deformities or bony changes. Results: Out of 40 patients, 67.5% were males and 32.5% were females. A maximum number of subjects fell under the age group of 51 - 60 years. The most common site of the ulcer was found to be in the plantar surface of big toe (53%). Among the 40 patients, 33 of them were found to have bony abnormalities on the CT scan of foot and no apparent changes were seen in the rest. Bone erosions (35%), osteopenic changes (22.5%), Charcot’s joint (2.5%), osteophyte formation (12.5) and reduced joint space (10%) were the predominant changes observed on the CT scans of the study population.

急性交锁性盂肱后脱伴反向盂肱骨性损伤1例

肩关节急性锁定后脱位临床较为少见,相比于前脱位,临床症状不典型,初诊漏诊率较高。肩关节后脱位多源于直接暴力损伤,且极易合并其他损伤[1]。如不及时诊治,易导致肩关节僵硬、活动受限,严重者因血运障碍致肱骨头坏死[2]。本例患者为外伤后致肩关节急性锁定后脱位,伴反向Bony Bankart损伤及反Hill-Sachs损伤。患者盂肱关节损伤严重,复位难度大,复发脱位风险极高,为精准化评估患者情况,依据Moroder分型[3,4],最后采取关节镜下McLaugh⁃lin手术及反向Bony Bankart双排锚钉固定术,术后影像学检查见关节对位正常,内固定位置良好,关节盂骨块复位满意,脱位无复发,现报告如下。

三维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的整体适定性

本文证明了,在临界Besov空间中,速度的竖直方向具有大的初始值的三维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的整体解是唯一存在的.首先,引进合适的权函数,用以控制方程中的非线性项;其次,充分利用流体的不可压缩性质,分别估计速度的水平分量和竖直分量以及压力的水平方向梯度和竖直方向梯度;最后,通过适当选取权函数的系数,得到封闭的能量估计,从而得到方程的整体适定性.