Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it...Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it was decided to look at changes in the offer of tourist trails(hiking and cycling) along the entire border of the Czech Republic after the extension of the Schengen area(within this area, crossing the border is possible anywhere, and not only at official border crossings). It should be emphasized here that the borders of the Czech Republic over most of their length run through mountainous areas and, apart from political factors, natural features should have a major impact on the development of tourist routes. In order to determine the coherence of the current network of trails on both sides of the Czech Republic state border, modern tourist maps have been analyzed, determining the number of places where it is possible to cross the state border with the help of a marked tourist trail. Based on that, two indicators were introduced to determine the degree of openness with all neighboring countries as regards the opportunity to cross on a tourist trail. Changes in the historical situation, a comparison of the accessibility of the border area before entering the Schengen area and 2019, were analyzed for two study areas using archival maps. Over a decade after the extension of the Schengen area, the number of places where tourist trails of neighboring countries approach the border has clearly increased. Crossing is more often made possible using hiking trails than cycling routes(trails of the first type cross the border every 7.91 km, while the latter every 13.3 km), but considering the speed of movement, it can be assessed that the openness for cyclists is higher than for hikers. Moreover, in many places there is still significant potential for further integration of tourist trail networks as trails created in one country often do not have a continuation on the other side of the border.展开更多
The regional stress field and seismic dynamics along the border zone between Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces are studied based on the seismo-geological data,GPS measurement, and seismicity. The results show th...The regional stress field and seismic dynamics along the border zone between Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces are studied based on the seismo-geological data,GPS measurement, and seismicity. The results show that: (1) the principal compressional stress of the stress field is oriented in NW-SE direction and the principal extensional stress is in NE-SW direction; (2) the WNW-ward compression and collision of the Philippine Sea Plate to the eastern coast of Taiwan Island are the most direct and most important dynamic source for preparation and occurrence of strong earthquakes in the Taiwan Region and along the border zone between Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtui...Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Methods Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham,the model,Betaloc(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-L(0.45 mg/kg daily),LBHX-M(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-H(1.8 mg/kg daily),and LBHX+EX527(0.9 mg/kg daily)groups according to the method of random number table,13 in each group.In this study,left anterior descending coronary artery(LADCA)ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats.The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay.A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ.The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain,Masson and hematoxylineosin(HE)staining assays.The expression levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR(RT-qPCR).The protein expressions of SIRT1,FOXO1,SOD2,BAX and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.Results The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model.The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats(P<0.01).The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ.Further,the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue(P<0.05),myocardial interstitial collagen deposition(P<0.05)and inflammation at the IBZ.The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretreatment upregulated the protein levels of SIRT1,FOXO1 and SOD2(P<0.05)and downregulated NF-κB p65 and BAX expressions(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that LBHX increased the SIRT1 mRNA and FOXO1 mRNA levels(P<0.05).These protective effects,including inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation in the IBZ,were partially abolished by EX527,an inhibitor of SIRT1.Conclusion LBHX could protect against AMI by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in AMI rats and the SIRT1-mediated FOXO1 and NF-κB signaling pathways were involved in the cardioprotection effect of LBHX.展开更多
基金funded by the University of Wroclaw(Grant no.0420/2667/18).
文摘Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it was decided to look at changes in the offer of tourist trails(hiking and cycling) along the entire border of the Czech Republic after the extension of the Schengen area(within this area, crossing the border is possible anywhere, and not only at official border crossings). It should be emphasized here that the borders of the Czech Republic over most of their length run through mountainous areas and, apart from political factors, natural features should have a major impact on the development of tourist routes. In order to determine the coherence of the current network of trails on both sides of the Czech Republic state border, modern tourist maps have been analyzed, determining the number of places where it is possible to cross the state border with the help of a marked tourist trail. Based on that, two indicators were introduced to determine the degree of openness with all neighboring countries as regards the opportunity to cross on a tourist trail. Changes in the historical situation, a comparison of the accessibility of the border area before entering the Schengen area and 2019, were analyzed for two study areas using archival maps. Over a decade after the extension of the Schengen area, the number of places where tourist trails of neighboring countries approach the border has clearly increased. Crossing is more often made possible using hiking trails than cycling routes(trails of the first type cross the border every 7.91 km, while the latter every 13.3 km), but considering the speed of movement, it can be assessed that the openness for cyclists is higher than for hikers. Moreover, in many places there is still significant potential for further integration of tourist trail networks as trails created in one country often do not have a continuation on the other side of the border.
文摘The regional stress field and seismic dynamics along the border zone between Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces are studied based on the seismo-geological data,GPS measurement, and seismicity. The results show that: (1) the principal compressional stress of the stress field is oriented in NW-SE direction and the principal extensional stress is in NE-SW direction; (2) the WNW-ward compression and collision of the Philippine Sea Plate to the eastern coast of Taiwan Island are the most direct and most important dynamic source for preparation and occurrence of strong earthquakes in the Taiwan Region and along the border zone between Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774141 and No.82074418)。
文摘Objective To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill(LBHX)protects against acute myocardial infarction(AMI)at the infarct border zone(IBZ)of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Methods Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham,the model,Betaloc(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-L(0.45 mg/kg daily),LBHX-M(0.9 mg/kg daily),LBHX-H(1.8 mg/kg daily),and LBHX+EX527(0.9 mg/kg daily)groups according to the method of random number table,13 in each group.In this study,left anterior descending coronary artery(LADCA)ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats.The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay.A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ.The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain,Masson and hematoxylineosin(HE)staining assays.The expression levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR(RT-qPCR).The protein expressions of SIRT1,FOXO1,SOD2,BAX and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.Results The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model.The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats(P<0.01).The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ.Further,the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue(P<0.05),myocardial interstitial collagen deposition(P<0.05)and inflammation at the IBZ.The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretreatment upregulated the protein levels of SIRT1,FOXO1 and SOD2(P<0.05)and downregulated NF-κB p65 and BAX expressions(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that LBHX increased the SIRT1 mRNA and FOXO1 mRNA levels(P<0.05).These protective effects,including inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation in the IBZ,were partially abolished by EX527,an inhibitor of SIRT1.Conclusion LBHX could protect against AMI by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in AMI rats and the SIRT1-mediated FOXO1 and NF-κB signaling pathways were involved in the cardioprotection effect of LBHX.
