The borehole strain meter at Wushi station recorded obvious anomaly before Jiashi MS= 6.8 earthquake occurred on February 24, 2003. Its features are as follows. j Anomaly types are complete. The trend anomaly, short-...The borehole strain meter at Wushi station recorded obvious anomaly before Jiashi MS= 6.8 earthquake occurred on February 24, 2003. Its features are as follows. j Anomaly types are complete. The trend anomaly, short-term anomaly, short-imminent anomaly and exponential anomaly appeared 19 months, 56 days, 4 days, and more than 1 month before the event, respectively; k Anomaly is large in magnitude. The maximal magnitude of strain anomaly is 1.7×10?5, which is rare in the past 20-year observation records at Wushi station; l Strain rate fluctuates sharply with obvious alternation of tension and compression. According to the magnitude of strain anomaly, time of expo- nential anomaly appearance and regional features of recorded anomaly, we could predict the magnitude, occur- rence time and potential region to a certain degree.展开更多
The eastern Mediterranean region is an active tectonic setting that includes the Dead Sea Transform Fault, which forms the boundary between the African and the Arabian Plates and crosses Lebanon from south to north, s...The eastern Mediterranean region is an active tectonic setting that includes the Dead Sea Transform Fault, which forms the boundary between the African and the Arabian Plates and crosses Lebanon from south to north, striking in a restraining bend around 25–30°NE. The major structural feature in Lebanon is the Yammouneh Fault, which reaches to Syria and southern Turkey in a north–south direction. Measurements of radon gas concentration and exhalation rates in two locations along the southern segment of the Yammouneh Fault in south Lebanon were performed. Two profiles in the El-Khiam basin and Blat pull-apart basin and perpendicular to the Yammouneh Fault trace were analyzed. An approximate fault width 25–30 m wide was determined in the El-Khiam study area. Temporal increase of radon concentration was measured and correlated with stress/strain tectonic activity and stress drops along the studied fault segment boundary.Anomalous variable radon concentrations were detected during one of the measurements where an earthquake occurred in the region of Tiberias Lake in northern Palestine along the Yammouneh Fault in the study area. Measurements of radon concentration along a station’s profile in Blat village did not show any radon anomalous variation due to the discontinuity along the fault(pull-apart), and possible absence of stress and energy accumulation along the Yammouneh Fault line in that location.展开更多
In 2004, China＇s digital seismic observation network project began to deploy 40 sets YRY-4 four-component borehole strainmeters in order to monitor earthquake preparation process. The paper describes observed solid t...In 2004, China＇s digital seismic observation network project began to deploy 40 sets YRY-4 four-component borehole strainmeters in order to monitor earthquake preparation process. The paper describes observed solid tidal strain discreteness and tidal factor anisotropy, analyzes the reliability of observational data and discusses the cause for this phenomenon. After getting rid of interferences, the network, in two years practice, has observed several pre-seismic strain anomalies at stations close to epicenters especially in the Wenchuan Ms8.0 megaquake. It shows that this borehole strainmeter network is capable of monitoring seismogenic process.展开更多
In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development.However,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensi...In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development.However,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ stress.The Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR)method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ stresses.After the 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the ASR method was used for the first time in China's Mainland to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are investigated.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64°at a measured depth(MD)of 1173 m(vertical depth 1151 m)in WFSD-1.The ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was 2.9.And the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1are 43,28 and 25 MPa.Combined with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone,the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault zone.This change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake,which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast.展开更多
A way to detect the seismic precursor in granular medium is described and a model of propagation for precursive stress-strain signals is proposed.A strain sensor buried in a sandpit is used to measure a seismic precur...A way to detect the seismic precursor in granular medium is described and a model of propagation for precursive stress-strain signals is proposed.A strain sensor buried in a sandpit is used to measure a seismic precursor signal.The signal has been investigated and confirmed to originate from a specific earthquake.A comparison of simulated and experimental signals indicates that the signal results from the strain in the earth's strata.Based on the behavioral characteristics of granular materials,an analysis of why this method can be so sensitive to the seismic strain signal is undertaken and a model for the propagation of this stress-strain signal is proposed.The Earth's lithosphere is formed of tectonic plates,faults and fault gouges at their boundaries.In the case of the quasi-static mechanics of seismic precursory stress-strain propagation,the crustal lithosphere should be treated as a large-scale granular system.During a seismogenic event,accumulated force generates the stick-slip motion of adjacent tectonic plates and incrementally pushes blocks farther apart through stick-slip shift.The shear force released through this plate displacement causes soil compression deformation.The discrete properties of the sand in the sandpit lead to the sensitive response of the sensor to the deformation signal which enables it to detect the seismic precursor.From the analysis of the mechanism of the stress-strain propagation in the lithosphere,an explanation is found for the lack of signal detection by sensors installed in rocks.The principles and method presented in this paper provide a new technique for investigating seismic precursors to shallow-source earthquakes.展开更多
文摘The borehole strain meter at Wushi station recorded obvious anomaly before Jiashi MS= 6.8 earthquake occurred on February 24, 2003. Its features are as follows. j Anomaly types are complete. The trend anomaly, short-term anomaly, short-imminent anomaly and exponential anomaly appeared 19 months, 56 days, 4 days, and more than 1 month before the event, respectively; k Anomaly is large in magnitude. The maximal magnitude of strain anomaly is 1.7×10?5, which is rare in the past 20-year observation records at Wushi station; l Strain rate fluctuates sharply with obvious alternation of tension and compression. According to the magnitude of strain anomaly, time of expo- nential anomaly appearance and regional features of recorded anomaly, we could predict the magnitude, occur- rence time and potential region to a certain degree.
基金financial support of the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research
文摘The eastern Mediterranean region is an active tectonic setting that includes the Dead Sea Transform Fault, which forms the boundary between the African and the Arabian Plates and crosses Lebanon from south to north, striking in a restraining bend around 25–30°NE. The major structural feature in Lebanon is the Yammouneh Fault, which reaches to Syria and southern Turkey in a north–south direction. Measurements of radon gas concentration and exhalation rates in two locations along the southern segment of the Yammouneh Fault in south Lebanon were performed. Two profiles in the El-Khiam basin and Blat pull-apart basin and perpendicular to the Yammouneh Fault trace were analyzed. An approximate fault width 25–30 m wide was determined in the El-Khiam study area. Temporal increase of radon concentration was measured and correlated with stress/strain tectonic activity and stress drops along the studied fault segment boundary.Anomalous variable radon concentrations were detected during one of the measurements where an earthquake occurred in the region of Tiberias Lake in northern Palestine along the Yammouneh Fault in the study area. Measurements of radon concentration along a station’s profile in Blat village did not show any radon anomalous variation due to the discontinuity along the fault(pull-apart), and possible absence of stress and energy accumulation along the Yammouneh Fault line in that location.
基金supported by National Science Commission of China(No.1978-002)China Earthquake Administration(No.1982-220)
文摘In 2004, China＇s digital seismic observation network project began to deploy 40 sets YRY-4 four-component borehole strainmeters in order to monitor earthquake preparation process. The paper describes observed solid tidal strain discreteness and tidal factor anisotropy, analyzes the reliability of observational data and discusses the cause for this phenomenon. After getting rid of interferences, the network, in two years practice, has observed several pre-seismic strain anomalies at stations close to epicenters especially in the Wenchuan Ms8.0 megaquake. It shows that this borehole strainmeter network is capable of monitoring seismogenic process.
基金financially supported by the"Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling"of the National Science and Technology Planning Project,Sinoprobe Deep Exploration in China Project(Grant No.SinoProbe-07)Fundamental Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.SYS1301)+1 种基金Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(Grant No.25287134)Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT),Japan(Grant No.21107006)
文摘In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development.However,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ stress.The Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR)method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ stresses.After the 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the ASR method was used for the first time in China's Mainland to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are investigated.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64°at a measured depth(MD)of 1173 m(vertical depth 1151 m)in WFSD-1.The ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was 2.9.And the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1are 43,28 and 25 MPa.Combined with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone,the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault zone.This change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake,which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-SW-W15,KKCX1-YW-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10374111)
文摘A way to detect the seismic precursor in granular medium is described and a model of propagation for precursive stress-strain signals is proposed.A strain sensor buried in a sandpit is used to measure a seismic precursor signal.The signal has been investigated and confirmed to originate from a specific earthquake.A comparison of simulated and experimental signals indicates that the signal results from the strain in the earth's strata.Based on the behavioral characteristics of granular materials,an analysis of why this method can be so sensitive to the seismic strain signal is undertaken and a model for the propagation of this stress-strain signal is proposed.The Earth's lithosphere is formed of tectonic plates,faults and fault gouges at their boundaries.In the case of the quasi-static mechanics of seismic precursory stress-strain propagation,the crustal lithosphere should be treated as a large-scale granular system.During a seismogenic event,accumulated force generates the stick-slip motion of adjacent tectonic plates and incrementally pushes blocks farther apart through stick-slip shift.The shear force released through this plate displacement causes soil compression deformation.The discrete properties of the sand in the sandpit lead to the sensitive response of the sensor to the deformation signal which enables it to detect the seismic precursor.From the analysis of the mechanism of the stress-strain propagation in the lithosphere,an explanation is found for the lack of signal detection by sensors installed in rocks.The principles and method presented in this paper provide a new technique for investigating seismic precursors to shallow-source earthquakes.
