Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well understood.In the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were discussed.The results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM pores.The pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,respectively.The methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,respectively.Compared with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption capacity.The GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas potential.Considering the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation and preservation,the deep-water shelf facies is the most favorable target for the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration and development in the western Hubei area,South China.

Gouge stability controlled by temperature elevation and obsidian addition in basaltic faults and implications for moonquakes

Basalt is a major component of the earth and moon crust.Mineral composition and temperature influence frictional instability and thus the potential for seismicity on basaltic faults.We performed velocitystepping shear experiments on basalt gouges at a confining pressure of 100 MPa,temperatures in the range of 100-400℃ and with varied obsidian mass fractions of 0-100%under wet/dry conditions to investigate the frictional strength and stability of basaltic faults.We observe a transition from velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behaviors with increasing obsidian content.The frictional stability response of the mixed obsidian/basalt gouges is characterized by a transition from velocitystrengthening to velocity-weakening at 200℃ and another transition to velocity-strengthening at temperatures>300℃.Conversely,frictional strengths of the obsidian-bearing gouges are insensitive to temperature and wet/dry conditions.These results suggest that obsidian content dominates the potential seismic response of basaltic faults with the effect of temperature controlling the range of seismogenic depths.Thus,shallow moonquakes tend to occur in the lower lunar crust due to the corresponding anticipated higher glass content and a projected temperature range conducive to velocity-weakening behavior.These observations contribute to a better understanding of the nucleation mechanism of shallow seismicity in basaltic faults.

Understanding of Form and Content in Nida's Translation Theory

由于语言以不同的形式而存在 ,为了达意 ,有时我们必须改变语言的形式。

Meaning's Death and Rebirth-Analysis on the Content and Form of Robert Morgan's"Mountain Graveyard"

This thesis mainly analyzes the content and form of Robert Morgan's postmodern poem"Mountain Graveyard". With New Criticism's method of close reading, it firstly explores the possible interpretations of the poem's content. Then it analyzes the post-modernity due to the poem's form, pointing out that with the unique form breaking traditional poetry's conventions, and the upspring of multiple meanings from the content, this poem presents brilliantly the postmodern spirit, which rejects definite centers and embraces various diversity of meaning.

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Contents of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Rice Plants

[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of different nitrogen application levels and modes on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants.[Method] Using Guichao 2 and Diejiazhan as test materials,with total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco nitrogen,free amino acid nitrogen as indicators,the effect of nitrogen application on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants were studied.[Result] The contents of total nitrogen,protein nitrogen,chlorophyll nitrogen,soluble protein nitrogen,Rubisco-N,free amino nitrogen of rice plant during heading and maturity stage increased with the increasing application amount of nitrogen,and their contents would be high under heavy application of spike fertilizer when the application amount of nitrogen was the same.However,application of nitrogen had different impact on different forms of nitrogen,which showed obvious impact on the contents of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen.The differences of Rubisco-N and free amino nitrogen content of two varieties during heading and maturity stage under different nitrogen application modes all reached significant or extremely significant level.Correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen content of rice plant had extremely significant correlation with protein nitrogen content during heading and maturity stage in both early and late seasons.[Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the regulatory role of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization.

Elevation and Land Use Types Have Significant Impacts on Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter Content in Hani Terraced Field of Yuanyang County,China

Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence： tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China.

The eligibility criteria,training content,and scope of practice for prescriptive authority for midwives:a modified Delphi study

Objective:To investigate the necessary eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority for midwives,gather suggestions from experts on training content for prescriptive authority for midwives,and explore the scope of practice of their prescriptive authority in certain circumstances.The results of this study could serve as a reference for the development of policies on prescriptive authority for midwives.Methods:Based on a literature search and semistructured interviews,a modified Delphi method was first used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation on eligibility criteria and training content for prescriptive authority for midwives.This stage included nursing experts(20)and medical experts(16)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.Subsequently,consultation on the scope of practice of prescriptive authority for midwives was conducted with nursing experts(18)and medical experts(14)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.The suggestions from the experts were analyzed using statistical methods to confirm the eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority,training content,circumstances,scope of practice for prescriptive authority,and the prescription forms.Results:Among the consulted experts,70.59%(the highest acceptance rate)considered an undergraduate degree to be the minimum educational requirement for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority,85.29%(the highest acceptance rate)considered the supervisor nurse to be the minimum technical position experience necessary for midwives to be eligible for having prescriptive authority,and 50%(the highest acceptance rate)considered 5 years to be the minimum number of years of experience in the specialty for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority.The applicants should at least be practicing at Grade C hospitals,which was the consensus among 91.18%of the consulted experts.Among the consulted experts,100%,100%,97.06%,94.12%,and 94.12%agreed that the applicants should have knowledge in pharmacology,laws and ethics,nursing,diagnostics,and midwifery,respectively.The consulted experts confirmed 22 related course topics and identified 6 specific circumstances in which the midwives could partially practice prescriptive authority,including uterine atony,excessive uterine contraction,postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of fetal membranes,normal labor,and neonatal asphyxia.Under these 6 circumstances,the consulted experts commonly agreed that there were 20 medication prescriptions and 13 auxiliary examination prescriptions that could be prescribed by midwives.Of these prescriptions,51.5%were independent prescriptions,30.3%were protocol prescriptions,and the remaining 18.2%were both independent and protocol prescriptions.Conclusions:Midwives who have an undergraduate degree,supervisor nurse position,and 5 years of practice in Grade C hospitals are considered eligible to apply for prescriptive authority.Partial prescriptive authority could be granted after regulated training in fundamental theories and practices,which could improve the independence and professionalism of midwifery.

Ceramic bonding and joint's strengthening through forming intermetallic compounds in situ

The transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with Ti/Ni/Ti and Al/Ti/Al multiple interlayers was performed. The formation of intermetallic compounds in situ and their effects on the joints strengths were investigated. The Ti/Ni/Ti interlayers produce NiTi and Ni 3Ti layers with considerable room temperature ductility and high elevated temperature strength to strengthen the bonding zone metals and the joints. The joints with 142 MPa shear strength at room temperature and 88 MPa shear strength at 800 ℃ are achieved under appropriate parameters, respectively. Al/Ti/Al interlayers transform into a special bonding zone metal with a large amount of Al 3Ti particles and a small amount of Al based solid solution, and in this case, the joints are strengthened significantly. Their strengths at room temperature and 600 ℃ reach 90 MPa and 30 MPa, respectively.

Form or Content?——A dilemma in teaching EFL writing

In the 1970s, the EFL profession generally began abandoning grammar-based methodologies in favor of approacheswhich focused on communication as the goal of language learning. Affected by this trend, the process approach to writing (asopposed to writing as a product) was introduced. Yet EFL. teachers themselves are faced with some obstacles when applying thetheory. This article analyzes some factors that hinder students from focusing on content when writing, and suggests in conclusionthat teachers should not be too impatient; rather, they should take students’ level into consideration and allow students to have atransitional stage to get themselves prepared.

Double⁃Shear Experiments of Cold⁃Formed Steel Stud⁃to⁃Sheathing Connections at Elevated Temperatures

The behavior of cold⁃formed steel(CFS)stud⁃to⁃sheathing connections at elevated temperatures is an important parameter for the fire resistance design and modeling of mid⁃rise CFS structures.In this paper,three kinds of sheathings,namely,medium⁃and low⁃density calcium⁃silicate boards and oriented strand board,were selected for double⁃shear experiments on the mechanical properties of 253 screw connections at ambient and elevated temperatures.The effects of the shear direction,screw edge distance and the number of screws on the behavior of the connections were studied.The results showed that the shear direction and the screw edge distance more significantly influenced the peak deformation,while their impacts on the peak load varied with the type of sheathings.Compared with the single⁃screw connections,the peak loads of the specimens with double⁃screw connections obviously increased but did not double.Finally,a simplified load⁃displacement curve model of stud⁃to⁃sheathing connections at elevated temperature was generated first by establishing the prediction formula for characteristic parameters,such as the peak load,the peak deformation and the elastic stiffness,and then by considering whether the curves corresponded to stiffness increase phenomena.The present investigation provides basic data for future studies on the numerical modeling of CFS structures under fire conditions.

职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织研究

针对职业教育新形态教材研究与开发中存在的不足,提出了职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织逻辑的内在要求,通过对理论知识与操作技能概念、情境性学习理论、图式理论、技能学习相关理论、职业道德及职业精神培育相关理论的分析探讨,形成了指导新形态教材内容的设计与组织的创新性依据。据此,设计了新形态教材内容的设计与组织模型,并从纸质教材的理论知识设计与组织、技能知识设计与组织、思政育人设计与组织、教材开发系统和数字资源系统等方面进行了可行性论证。

新时代学习型大国建设论要

新时代学习型大国建设的理论来源于马克思主义经典作家的学习型国家理念、中华传统学习型国家智慧、毛泽东等国家领导人的学习型国家思想和国外学习型国家前沿理论。党和政府应对国际风险挑战、实现奋斗目标、满足人民群众终身学习需求共同组成新时代学习型大国建设的现实意蕴。新时代学习型大国建设应健全学习型个人、家庭、企业和政党,促进人人能学、乐学、善学、勤学,自觉向书本、向实践、向历史、向国外学,加强政策、经费、继续教育和信息技术等供给。

河南矿区高灰细泥煤泥水的絮凝沉降试验研究

目的随着采煤机械化程度的提高和重介质选煤工艺普及,入选浮煤泥中高灰细泥的含量逐渐增加。高灰细泥是影响煤泥水沉降效率的最直接因素,对煤泥水中的高灰细泥进行处理,直接关系着煤炭资源生产和水资源利用。针对河南矿区煤泥水具有高灰细泥的特性,方法通过设计正交试验测试不同种类的絮凝剂和搅拌速度对煤泥水的沉降率的影响及其之间的相互作用的效果,提高煤泥水沉降效率。结果结果表明:六偏磷酸钠与聚丙烯酰胺的分散性能及絮凝性能更优,搅拌速度、六偏磷酸钠用量、聚丙烯酰胺用量对高灰细泥煤泥水沉降率的影响程度依次减小,搅拌速度和聚丙烯酰胺用量之间的相互关系对沉降率影响最为显著;当六偏磷酸钠用量40.08 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺用量5.75 mg/L、搅拌速度411.12 r/min,沉降率可达95.5%,沉降率提高的原因在于高灰细泥絮凝过程中絮团成球明显,絮凝剂的桥接作用可以使分散颗粒聚团并发展为球形,长条不规则颗粒明显减少,颗粒群粒形的改变有助于煤泥水的沉降,在一定搅拌速度下粒形保持较为规整,可增加沉降概率,使煤泥水得以有效沉降。结论通过改善煤泥水中颗粒的粒度粒形特性,可以有效提高河南矿区高灰细泥煤泥水的沉降效率。研究结果可为处理高灰细泥煤泥水提供理论支持和实践参考。

语文是一门典型的人文课程——以朱光潜关于语文与思想关系的讨论为中心

在推进教育强国建设的今天,深入理解语文与思想的关系尤为重要,具体表现在三方面:语文与思想是同时发生、相互成就的统一体;语文的最高标准是“精确妥帖”,思想必须与语文同一,风格必须与人格同一,锤炼语文也就是锻造品格;语文是时代的镜像,思想随时代发展而发展,语文也随思想发展而更新,语文在与时代的互动中不断丰富着自己。以朱光潜先生为代表的前辈学人用他们的智慧洞察了语文的本质,不但解答了文学、语言学、哲学、美学的重要问题,也解答了语文教育的主要问题,使我们进一步认清语文课程的性质,明确语文是一门典型的人文课程,这样可以更好地推进语文学科理论建设,为语文教育注入了新的思想、新的方法。

论康德对形式与内容的区分

形式逻辑一词来自康德。康德对形式与内容的区分影响深远。康德关于形式与内容的区别可以有一种新的解释:所谓形式,指与逻辑常项相关的表达式;所谓内容,指与非逻辑常项相关的表达式。康德在自己的思想中有这样的认识,但没有完全说清楚。日常认识、科学认识的表达是有内容的,哲学认识、逻辑认识的表达也是有内容的。澄清这个问题,逻辑上涉及句法与语义的区别,语言上涉及语言和语言所表达的东西的区别,以及这两个方面之间的关系。澄清这个问题,有助于更好地理解康德的先验逻辑,有助于学界更好地认识所谓形式与内容的区别。

对症下药还是面面俱到:健康辟谣中信息呈现对说服效果的影响研究

社交媒体中传统“把关人”机制失效,健康谣言“被辟谣-再出现”现象频发,愈加凸显辟谣信息设计策略的重要性。围绕健康谣言真假参半、情绪鲜明的信息呈现特征来探究健康辟谣信息说服效果,能更好地理解辟谣信息设计机理,为优化谣言治理策略提供有益借鉴。聚焦信息呈现的二维分类框架,设计2(内容呈现:单面内容vs.双面内容)×2(形式呈现:严肃形式vs.幽默形式)×2谣言类型(恐惧谣言vs.希望谣言)的控制实验,进而分析其与健康辟谣信息说服效果间的相关关系。研究结果显示,内容呈现对健康辟谣信息说服效果具有显著影响,双面(vs.单面)的健康辟谣信息有更好的说服效果;内容呈现和形式呈现的交互效应对说服效果的影响受到谣言类型的调节;对于希望谣言,采用单面幽默的辟谣信息与双面严肃的辟谣信息均能实现更好的说服效果。

阴山文化研究的当代呈现与传播

随着网络、信息技术、数字化的快速发展,当代阴山文化成果研究范围逐步明确、论题相对集中,由书斋研究、田野调查走向了教学研一体化,由冰冷的文字迈向了身临其境的VR画面,由纸质阅读转变成电子阅读与聆听,由枯燥的学理论述延伸出形象生动的文创产品,由国内学术期刊一家独秀到世界范围的全媒体参与呈现、传播。面对阴山文化研究理论与实践之间存有鸿沟、成果零散、选题范围随机、国际传播影响力不足的困境,当代研究者应在理解其内涵的基础上与时代精神相结合、与前沿科技相融合,围绕一个专题从内容与形式方面进行延展性地拓深;通过整合阴山研究资源(包括研究者队伍、研究文献、考古新发现),形成阴山文化研究合力;多维度宣传阴山文化内容,提升对外翻译质量,优化阴山文化的对外传播。

浅论汉代的童蒙教育

两汉时期的童蒙教育包含学校教育、家庭教育和社会教育三种形式。学校教育包括中央官学(太学、宫邸学)和地方官学郡国学校,其童蒙教育的对象是贵族、中上层地主阶级子弟,童蒙之学的经学教育以《孝经》和《论语》为主要内容,兼习百家之学,道德伦理教育主要集中在做人和治学两个方面。书馆是私学童蒙教育的主要阵地,是经学教育的重要场所。家庭童蒙教育重在传授生活技能和培养伦理道德观念,社会童蒙教育主要体现在社会教化上。童蒙教育为汉朝政府培养了高素质的储备人才,推动了汉代政治制度进一步发展完善,促使重学、尚学之风盛行,为后世的童蒙教育奠定了深厚的基础。

经典著作评价的力作——胡鸿杰等著《档案学经典著作评价研究》评述

胡鸿杰等著《档案学经典著作评价研究》一书反思当前档案学术评论的状况,试图探索并初步尝试一种综合内容、形态与效果三要素相结合的新档案学经典著作评价指标体系,实现档案学经典著作评价指标更全面,评价过程更规范,评价结果更具说服力。该书对于促进档案学术健康发展、增强学科自信无疑具有不可替代的作用。

论苏轼的纪行组诗

苏轼纪行组诗一百零六组,在文本形态、内容表现与风格特征三方面有显著的个人特色。这些组诗以记录行旅之间的单个事件为主,除纪行外,频繁叙及游览和社交。在宋诗重说理的风尚影响下,苏轼往往在纪行组诗中抒发一己之情感、阐发深刻的人生哲理。此外,他的纪行组诗不仅能突破传统纪行组诗对于诗人个体的关注,还能做到“情”“景”“事”“理”四者兼备,为唐宋纪行组诗的创作开辟新途。