A numerical simulation analysis for reactions of chalcopyrite and pyriteparticles coupled with momentum, heat and mass transfer between the particle and gas in a flashsmelting furnace is presented. In the simulation, ...A numerical simulation analysis for reactions of chalcopyrite and pyriteparticles coupled with momentum, heat and mass transfer between the particle and gas in a flashsmelting furnace is presented. In the simulation, the equations governing the gas flow are solvednumerically by Eular method. The particle phase is introduced into the gas flow by theparti-cle-source-in-cell technique (PSIC). Predictions including the fluid flow field, temperaturefield, concentration field of gas phase and the tracks of particles have been obtained by thenumerical simulation. The visualized results show that the reaction of sulfide particles is almostcompleted in the upper zone of the shaft within 1.5 m far from the central jet distributor (CJD)type concentrate burner. The simulation results are in good agreement with data obtained from aseries of experiments and tests in the plant and the error is less than 2%.展开更多
Fluid flow, heat transfer and combustion in Jinlong CJD concentrate burnerflash smelting furnace have been investigated by numerical modeling and flow visualization. Themodeling is based on the Eulerian approach for t...Fluid flow, heat transfer and combustion in Jinlong CJD concentrate burnerflash smelting furnace have been investigated by numerical modeling and flow visualization. Themodeling is based on the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approachfor the particles. Interaction between the gas phase and particle phase, such as frictional forces,heat and mass transfer, are included by the addition of sources and sinks. The modeling resultsincluding the fluid flow field, temperature field, concentration field of gas phase and thetrajectories of particles have been obtained. The predicted results are in good agreement with thedata obtained from a series of experiments and tests in the Jinlong Copper Smelter and thetemperature error is less than 20 K.展开更多
The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some ch...The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum operation, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.展开更多
A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle tem...A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.展开更多
In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research resu...In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%–20% and 80%–90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production.展开更多
A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper con...A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper concentrate are represented as FeS 2 and CuFeS based on experiment, intermediate products are assumed to be S 2 and FeS, and the final products are assumed as FeS, FeO, SO 2, Cu 2S, FeO and FeO(SiO 2) 2. The model incorporates the transport of momentum, heat and mass, reaction kinetics between gas and particles, and reactions between gas and gas. The k-ε model is used to describe gas phase turbulence. The model uses the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approach for the particles. The coupling of gas and particle equations is performed through the particle source in cell(PSIC) method. Comparison between the model predictions and the plant measurements shows that the model has high reliability and accuracy.展开更多
文摘A numerical simulation analysis for reactions of chalcopyrite and pyriteparticles coupled with momentum, heat and mass transfer between the particle and gas in a flashsmelting furnace is presented. In the simulation, the equations governing the gas flow are solvednumerically by Eular method. The particle phase is introduced into the gas flow by theparti-cle-source-in-cell technique (PSIC). Predictions including the fluid flow field, temperaturefield, concentration field of gas phase and the tracks of particles have been obtained by thenumerical simulation. The visualized results show that the reaction of sulfide particles is almostcompleted in the upper zone of the shaft within 1.5 m far from the central jet distributor (CJD)type concentrate burner. The simulation results are in good agreement with data obtained from aseries of experiments and tests in the plant and the error is less than 2%.
文摘Fluid flow, heat transfer and combustion in Jinlong CJD concentrate burnerflash smelting furnace have been investigated by numerical modeling and flow visualization. Themodeling is based on the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approachfor the particles. Interaction between the gas phase and particle phase, such as frictional forces,heat and mass transfer, are included by the addition of sources and sinks. The modeling resultsincluding the fluid flow field, temperature field, concentration field of gas phase and thetrajectories of particles have been obtained. The predicted results are in good agreement with thedata obtained from a series of experiments and tests in the Jinlong Copper Smelter and thetemperature error is less than 20 K.
文摘The software that simulates the flow, temperature, concentration and the heat generation field in the Outkumpu flash smelting furnace, was developed by a numerical method of the particle-gas flow together with some chemical reaction models. Many typical operating conditions were chosen for simulation in order to obtain the effect of the distribution air, process air, central oxygen and the oil-burner position etc. The concepts about optimum operation, 3C(concentration of high temperature, high oxygen and laden concentrate particles), are concluded from these simulated results, which have been checked primarily by operational experiments.
文摘A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51620105013)Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
文摘In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%–20% and 80%–90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production.
文摘A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper concentrate are represented as FeS 2 and CuFeS based on experiment, intermediate products are assumed to be S 2 and FeS, and the final products are assumed as FeS, FeO, SO 2, Cu 2S, FeO and FeO(SiO 2) 2. The model incorporates the transport of momentum, heat and mass, reaction kinetics between gas and particles, and reactions between gas and gas. The k-ε model is used to describe gas phase turbulence. The model uses the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approach for the particles. The coupling of gas and particle equations is performed through the particle source in cell(PSIC) method. Comparison between the model predictions and the plant measurements shows that the model has high reliability and accuracy.
