Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) brush for efficient Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption from aqueous solution

Confronting the severe health threats and environmental impacts of Cr(Ⅵ) in aquatic environments demands innovative and effective remediation approaches. In this study, Graphene oxide(GO)-decorated poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)(PDMAEMA) brush nanocomposites(GOP1, GOP2, GOP3, and GOP4) were fabricated using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) by the “graft from” method.The resulting nanocomposites were utilized for removing Cr(Ⅵ) with good adsorption performance due to the electrostatic interaction of protonated nitrogen groups in the brush chains with negatively charged particles in the solution. The kinetic model of pseudo-second-order best represented the contaminants' adsorption characteristics. The Weber-Morris model further indicated that surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms primarily controlled the adsorption procedure. Additionally, the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were found to most accurately represent the adsorption characteristics of the pollutants on the nanocomposites, and GOP4 can achieve the maximum adsorption capacity of 164.4 mg·g^(-1). The adsorbents' capacity maintains above 85% after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. The nanocomposites in this study demonstrate promising potential for eliminating Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions.

Dual-functional poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate)mixed brushes with switchable protein adsorption and antibacterial properties

Herein,binary mixed brushes consisting of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)(PMOXA)and poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate)(PDMAEMA)with different chain lengths were fabricated by successive grafting of NH_(2)-terminated PMOXA and SH-terminated PDMAEMA onto polydopamine-anchored substrates.The mixed-brush coating was characterized by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential measurements,water contact angle,and atomic force microscopy.The mixed brushes showed tunable surface charge,wettability,and surface roughness,depending on the degree of PDMAEMA swelling under varying pH and ionic strength(Ⅰ).Then the adsorption behaviors of pepsin,bovine serum albumin(BSA),γ-globulin,and lysozyme,four very different proteins with regard to isoelectric point,on the mixed brushes coating were studied by using fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance.When the chain length of PDMAEMA was about twice as long as PMOXA,the mixed brushes not only had high adsorption capacity for pepsin,BSA,and y-globulin but also had a desorption efficiency of 86.9%,87.1%,and 93.5%,respectively.It is explained that electrostatic attraction between the protonated PDMAEMA and positively charged acidic proteins(pepsin and BSA,whose isoelectric points were below the pK_(a) of PDMAEMA)would drive the intensive adsorption(at pH 3,I=10^(-3)mol·L^(-1)for pepsin,and pH 5,I=10^(-5)mol·L^(-1)for BSA),while desorption was dominated by the hydrophilic PMOXA when PDMAEMA was shrinking(at pH 7,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)for pepsin,and pH 9,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)for BSA).Furthermore,the isoelectric precipitation led to the adsorption of neutral protein(γ-globulin,whose isoelectric point was near the pK_a of PDMAEMA)at pH 7,I=10^(-5)mol·L^(-1),while electrostatic repulsion and antifouling PMOXA triggered the desorption of y-globulin at pH 3,I-10^(-1)mol·L^(-1).However,alkaline protein(lysozyme,whose isoelectric point was higher than the pK_(a) of PDMAEMA)exhibited slight adsorption on PMOXA/PDMAEMA mixed brushes under test conditions,regardless of whether PMOXA or PDMAEMA occupied the outermost layer.The antibacterial property of the mixed brushes against Escherichia coli was investigated.PMOXA/PDMAEMA mixed brushes showed significant bactericidal activity at pH 3,I=10^(-3)mol·L^(-1),while the rinse of pH 9,I=10^(-1)mol·L^(-1)solution could remove most of the residual bacteria.This work not only enables controlled adsorption of proteins with different isoelectric points but also ensures that the surface of the coating is minimized from bacterial contamination.

Detection of K-ras gene mutation at codon 12 by pancreatic duct brushing for pancreatic cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic pancreatic duct brushing in detecting mutation of the K-ras gene at codon 12 in cytologic specimens from patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Thirty-five patients treated at Changhai Hospital, Shanghai between 1999 and 2001 were enrolled. Their cells obtained by pancreatic duct brushing during endoscopic retrograde tholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were suspended with phosphate buffer solution (PBS). DNA of the cells was extracted and mutation of the K-ras gene at codon 12 detected by means of PCR-SSCP. RESULTS: The K-ras gene mutation rate of pancreatic cancer was 70%, which was higher than that of chronic pancreatitis (14%, P<0.05). K-ras gene mutation was not found in patients with pancreatic cystorcarcinoma and duodenum carcinoma. As to the location of pancreatic cancer, no significant difference was observed between the head, the body and tail. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of pancreatic duct brushing in detecting pancreatic cancer was 70%, 94%, and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSION: K-ras analysis of pancreatic brushing samples is helpful in the diagnosis of patients with early pancreatic cancer.

The value of cytologic brushing with the aid of fiberoptic colonoscopy in the diagnosis of carcinoma of colon

Preoperative cytologic brushing and biopsy under direct Vision withfiberoptic colonoscopy(FC)and postoperative histopathologic examination wereperformed in 147 patients who were suspected of suffering from carcinoma of co-lon.In FC cytologic brushing,128 cases were positive for malignancy(87.1percent),18 false-negative(12.2 percent)and only one false-positive(0.7 percent).In the 146 FC biopsy specimens,124 were positive for malignancy(84 4 percent)and 22 false-negative and no false-positive.Combination of FC cytologic brushingwith FC biopsy could raise the diagnostic rate of colonic carcinoma to 95.2% anddecrease false-negative and false-positive because the two methods may replenisheach other in sampling and observation.Cytologic brushing is most valuable tothe early diagnosis of colonic carcinoma.When colonic stricture and obstructionprevent the colonoscope from reaching the lesion and FC biopsy cannot bedone,FC cytologic brushing is an effective method for diagnosis.The positiverate and false-negative rate of the cytologic brushing did not correlate to grosstyping,histopathologic typing and Dukes staging(P】0.05).The factorsinfluencing the correct diagnosis of colonic carcinoma by FC cytologic brushingare discussed in this paper.

Effects of Chairside Polishing and Brushing on SurfaceRoughness of Acrylic Denture Base Resins

The effects of 3 chairside polishing kits and mechanical brushing on the surface roughness of 3 different acrylic denture base resins were compared. Acrylic denture base resins （auto-polymerizing, heat-polymerizing, injected heat-polymerizing resins） were examined after a tungsten carbide bur, and after chairside polishing using 3 polishing kits and pumice. The specimens were subjected to mechanical brushing using a wear tester to simulate 30 000 strokes of brushing. The surface roughness of the acrylic denture base resin specimens was measured using a contact pro-filometer. After the test, the random polished acrylic resins were evaluated by scanning electron mi-croscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Acrylic denture base resins polished using the 3 types of polishing kits had a smoother surface than those finished with the tungsten carbide bur （p〈0.05）. The surface of the resin polished by a TC cutter exceeded the Ra of 0.2 μm （p〈0.05）. The auto-polymerizing resin showed a significantly higher surface roughness than the heat-polymerizing resin and injected heat-polymerizing resin （p〉0.05）. In the case of polishing step wise, there was almost no change in surface roughness after brushing （p〉0.05）.

Integrated top-down and bottom-up proteomics mass spectrometry for the characterization of endogenous ribosomal protein heterogeneity

Ribosomes are abundant,large RNA-protein complexes that are the sites of all protein synthesis in cells.Defects in ribosomal proteins(RPs),including proteoforms arising from genetic variations,alternative splicing of RNA transcripts,post-translational modifications and alterations of protein expression level,have been linked to a diverse range of diseases,including cancer and aging.Comprehensive characterization of ribosomal proteoforms is challenging but important for the discovery of potential disease biomarkers or protein targets.In the present work,using E.coli 70S RPs as an example,we first developed a top-down proteomics approach on a Waters Synapt G2 Si mass spectrometry(MS)system,and then applied it to the HeLa 80S ribosome.The results were complemented by a bottom-up approach.In total,50 out of 55 RPs were identified using the top-down approach.Among these,more than 30 RPs were found to have their N-terminal methionine removed.Additional modifications such as methylation,acetylation,and hydroxylation were also observed,and the modification sites were identified by bottomup MS.In a HeLa 80S ribosomal sample,we identified 98 ribosomal proteoforms,among which multiple truncated 80S ribosomal proteoforms were observed,the type of information which is often overlooked by bottom-up experiments.Although their relevance to diseases is not yet known,the integration of topdown and bottom-up proteomics approaches paves the way for the discovery of proteoform-specific disease biomarkers or targets.

Statistical Evaluation of Anthropometric Measures and Oral Health Status in Terms of Diet, Smoking and Brushing Habits

Introduction and Objective: The aim of this research was to find out the interaction of anthropometric measurements particularly body mass and oral health status of Turkish young adult nationals regionally, depending on the effects of diet (food and fluid consumption), smoking and tooth brushing habits, which were determined by using the body mass index (BMI) and dental health index (DMFT). Material and Methods: The BMI and DMFT of 202 cases, with an age average 22.5 years, were recorded through physical and clinical examinations. Statistical evaluation of the data was checked by Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Scale and performed by analysis of variance, Somer’s d and Pearson Chi-Square statistics, Poisson Regression and Odds Ratio analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean of BMI was at the optimum level (21.52) for all cases. The DMFT was higher for underweight females and for overweight males. The mean of DMFT according to sexes seemingly had no significant difference;however, females had 8.6% more DMFT than males. When the risk factors of dental caries were evaluated, the DMFT was found as 19.3% more for cases consuming high carbohydrate foods, 4.5% more for high beverage consumption and 18% more for smokers. Conclusions: In conclusion, tooth brushing 3 or more times a day is necessary to decrease the DMFT and tooth brushing 3 times a day as opposed to 1 or 2 times shows significant difference regarding oral health.

Bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize energy losses for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

The defects from electron transport layer,perovskite layer and their interface would result in carrier nonradiative recombination losses.Poor buried interfacial contact is detrimental to charge extraction and device stability.Here,we report a bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize bulk and interfacial energy losses for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.4-trifluoromethyl-benzamidine hydrochloride(TBHCl)containing–CF_(3),amidine cation and Cl^(-)is in advance incorporated into SnO_(2)colloid solution to realize bottom-up modification.The synergistic effect of multiple functional groups and multiple-bond-induced chemical interaction are revealed theoretically and experimentally.F and Cl^(-)can passivate oxygen vacancy and/or undercoordinated Sn^(4+)defects by coordinating with Sn^(4+).The F can suppress cation migration and modulate crystallization via hydrogen bond with FA^(+),and can passivate lead defects by coordinating with Pb^(2+).The–NH_(2)–C=NH^(+)_(2)and Cl^(-)can passivate cation and anion vacancy defects through ionic bonds with perovskites,respectively.Through TBHCl modification,the suppression of agglomeration of SnO_(2)nanoparticles,bulk and interfacial defect passivation,and release of tensile strains of perovskite films are demonstrated,which resulted in a PCE enhancement from 21.28%to 23.40%and improved stability.With post-treatment,the efficiency is further improved to 23.63%.

中国画的触觉价值

19世纪末20世纪初,西方艺术史家如伯纳德·贝伦森和沃尔夫林等人已发现了绘画并非只具有视觉价值,还有其触觉价值。比较而言,在中国古代审美文化中,不仅古玩、玉器、奇石等物具有触觉价值,中国画也有一种独特的触觉价值。中国画的触觉价值源于中国书画的亲缘性。中国历来有“书画同源”“书画用笔同法”之说,而书法用笔形成特殊的“笔触”,书法审美在很大程度上就是笔触审美。中国画的触觉价值有深浅两个层次。浅层次是笔触,深层次是笔墨。在中国绘画史上,触觉价值有一个由浅入深的过程。相较而言,元代以前的中国画,其触觉价值偏于笔触;元代以后的中国画,其触觉价值偏于笔墨。

盾尾刷-油脂腔密封系统油脂逃逸规律研究

油脂逃逸导致油脂腔内压力降低,由此诱发的盾尾密封系统漏水、漏浆等安全责任事故屡屡发生。研制盾尾刷密封系统油脂逃逸的单元体试验装置,采用逐级加压将油脂注入盾尾密封系统油脂腔内,每级压力持续420 s,记录不同盾尾间隙及不同油脂锥入度工况下腔内的密封油脂开始逃逸时的油脂注入压力值、以及逃逸后储油装置中密封油脂的稳定损耗速率,最终获得了盾尾密封系统的油脂逃逸规律,并总结了盾尾油脂的逃逸模式。研究结果表明:1)油脂逃逸速率主要受油脂锥入度和油脂压力的影响,根据油脂逃逸规律变化曲线,油脂逃逸速率可以分为不逃逸、低速逃逸、快速逃逸3个阶段。油脂不逃逸至低速逃逸的油脂压力称为油脂逃逸压力,油脂低速逃逸与快速逃逸之间的油脂压力值为油脂腔内外压差控制值;2)建立了油脂逃逸速率和工程中油脂消耗量的对应关系,结合工程中每环盾尾油脂允许消耗量可实时判断盾尾刷密封性能;3)当油脂锥入度小于286.4(1/10 mm),盾构姿态与管片姿态控制良好时(盾尾平均间隙为75 mm),在水土压力及同步注浆压力基础上最大可增加0.3 MPa的油脂压力,提出的油脂腔内外压差控制值可指导实际工程盾尾油脂压力设定最大值;4)油脂逃逸模式可划分为无逃逸、非均匀逃逸和均匀逃逸3种模式并得出其发生条件。该研究对于指导盾尾密封性的设计及施工有着基础性的意义。

滚轮毛刷钝化机对硬质合金刀片切削刃一致性的影响

常用的滚轮毛刷钝化设备在抛光钝化硬质合金刀片切削刃时存在切削刃圆弧半径及大小不均匀问题。文章基于滚轮毛刷钝化设备的工作原理,从毛刷运动及毛刷磨损两个方面分析造成硬质合金刀片切削刃钝化圆弧半径及大小不一致的原因,通过对设备运动方式进行数学建模,计算得知:产品进入毛刷和离开毛刷期间,产品自转的圈数不是整数,则会造成产品某一个角或者某一条切削刃加工时间更长;同时毛刷磨损的不确定性也会造成实际加工时间的差异,造成切削刃圆弧半径及大小不一致乃设备设计的缺陷,不可避免。

青少年刷牙频率与血液指标的相关性:横断面观察性研究

目的分析青少年刷牙频率对血液指标的相关性,初步探讨刷牙频率对青少年全身健康的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,纳入济宁市第七中学2021级学生和济宁市体育训练中心体育训练学生为研究对象。采用单因素和多因素线性回归分析青少年刷牙频率对嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(eosinophil percentage,EOS%)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(eosinophil count,EOS#)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(basophil percentage,BAS%)、嗜碱性粒细胞计数(basophil count,BAS#)、过氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)等血液指标的影响。结果共纳入305名青少年(济宁市第七中学167名、济宁市体育训练中心138名),其中男性192名(62.95%),女性113名(37.05%)。根据每日刷牙频率分为3组,分别为≤1次组(40.33%,123/305)、2次组(53.77%,164/305)和≥3次组(5.90%,18/305)。单因素线性回归分析显示,每日刷牙2次与EOS%、EOS#、BAS%和BAS#均呈显著负相关(β均<0,P均<0.05),与SOD和IGF-1均呈显著正相关(β均>0,P=0.028,P=0.007);每日刷牙≥3次与UA呈显著负相关[β(95%CI):-0.16(-0.27~0.04),P=0.008]。多因素线性回归分析显示,每日刷牙2次与BAS%呈显著负相关(β<0,P=0.042)、与SOD和IGF-1均呈显著正相关(β均>0,P=0.036,P=0.012);每日刷牙≥3次与UA呈显著负相关(β<0,P=0.026)。亚组分析结果表明,男性青少年每日刷牙2次与IGF-1呈显著正相关(β>0,P=0.044),女性青少年每日刷牙≥3次与UA呈显著负相关(β<0,P=0.014)。结论青少年刷牙频率与多项影响全身健康的血液指标具有相关性,提示口腔健康与全身健康可能存在潜在关联。

盾尾刷更换时液氮冻结温度场及冻结参数影响的数值模拟分析

为合理确定高水压下液氮冻结止水更换盾尾刷的冻结设计参数及掌握温度场变化规律,结合某过江通道长距离盾构掘进过程中盾尾刷更换时的液氮冻结止水工程,利用ADINA大型有限元分析软件建立液氮冻结止水及盾尾刷更换数值模型,模拟温度-时间变化曲线与现场实测数据对比,验证模型的合理性,并对土层、去路液氮温度、冻结管长度、冻结管间距、冻结方式进行敏感性因素分析。结果表明:1)冻结效果随土层的不同而发生改变,在卵石层、砾砂层、粉细砂层3种土层中,粉细砂层的冻结效果最差,卵石层最好;2)在有限的冻结时间内,去路液氮温度的不同,只影响土体从开始冻结至越过0℃完成相变这期间的降温速度,不影响完成冻结以后的土体降温速率;3)冻结管长度对土层冻结的影响较小,可以采用较短的冻结管,以降低施工成本和液氮消耗量,但不能过短,应保证其纵向有足够的支撑范围,经计算分析,当冻结管长度为1.52 m时,能在轴面处满足2.0 m的冻结壁厚度要求;4)冻结管间距对冻结效果影响大,冻结管越密,冻结速度越快,效果越好;5)在相同条件下,双环预埋冻结管液氮冻结效果优于管片上直接打孔液氮冻结。

纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查在肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的:研究纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查(LCT)在肺癌诊断价值。方法:选取2023年4月到2024年3月间江门市新会区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科首诊患者80名,所有患者均采用传统支气管镜活检、刷检涂片细胞学检查和刷检LCT检查的方法。传统刷检涂片细胞学检查(CS)为对照组,支气管镜刷检LCT检查为液基组,支气管镜活检为钳检组。对比各组对肺癌诊断阳性率,分析液基组及对照组对肺癌组织类型的检查情况,对比两组对肺癌组织类型的检查结果。结果:液基组对肺癌诊断的阳性率为40.00%(32/80),较对照组的25.00%(20/80)明显更高(P<0.05)。但液基组与钳检组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。LCT对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为83.33%(10/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为42.86%(6/14),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为75.00%(9/12)。CS对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为41.67%(5/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为66.67%(8/12),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为35.71%(5/14)。液基组对于肺癌组织类型为鳞癌以及小细胞癌的符合率较对照组更高(P<0.05),但两组对腺癌的符合率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:应用纤支镜下刷检LCT检查在肺癌的诊断价值较高,且值得在临床诊断过程中给予推广。

蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机设计与试验

针对蒲公英的种子与绒毛分离困难,分离过程中劳动量大、人工成本高等问题,设计两级脱分的蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机。整机结构由一级脱分装置、二级脱分装置、负压除杂装置、传动装置以及进料口组成。对一级脱分和二级脱分的筛网进行结构设计和计算,得出设计参数:一级锥形筛网高度为277 mm,母线长为320 mm,顶圈筛孔个数为87个,底圈筛孔的个数为185个,二级冲孔筛的直径为520 mm,筛孔数为6928个。以喂入量和毛刷转速为试验因素,以蒲公英种子的脱净率、破损率为试验指标进行试验,得到脱分机的最佳工作状态:当毛刷转速为320 r/min、喂入量为0.0037 kg/s时,脱净率为87.6%,破损率为2.8%。蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机整体结构合理、运行状况稳定,满足设计要求。

有压差下全接触刷式密封迟滞特性数值研究

刷式密封迟滞特性引起的泄漏问题、摩擦磨损问题及流动换热问题较为突出。刷式密封迟滞特性数值模型呈现接触对多、刷丝大变形的特点,存在非线性程度较高、收敛性较差的问题。提出了基于有限元软件ABAQUS的刷式密封迟滞特性求解模型,考虑刷丝之间接触、刷丝与背板接触、刷丝与转子之间接触,引入阻尼提高模型收敛性。在数值计算与实验结果、理论计算对比验证的基础上,研究了刷丝自由端长度、刷丝直径、刷丝倾斜角度以及上下游压差对迟滞特性和接触力最大值的影响程度。研究结果表明:随着上下游压差、直径的增大,刷式密封迟滞特性呈现增加的趋势,而刷丝倾角的增加导致迟滞特性呈现递减的趋势,刷丝自由端长度的改变对迟滞特性的影响较小;刷丝直径是影响刷丝与转子之间接触力最大值的主要因素,刷丝倾斜角度对接触力最大值有一定程度影响。上述研究为分析刷式密封迟滞特性提供了理论依据,为降低迟滞特性提供了参考。

Gentlefile根管刷用于根管内消毒糊剂清除的效果分析

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