Effect of CO_(2)flooding in an oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Such parameters were analyzed as solubility ratio of CO_(2)in oil,gas and water,interfacial tension,in-situ oil viscosity distribution,remaining oil saturation distribution,and oil compositions.The results show that CO_(2)flooding could control water coning and increase oil production.In the early stage of the injection process,CO_(2)expanded vertically due to gravity differentiation,and extended laterally under the action of strong bottom water in the intermediate and late stages.The CO_(2)got enriched and extended at the oil-water interface,forming a high interfacial tension zone,which inhibited the coning of bottom water to some extent.A miscible region with low interfacial tension formed at the gas injection front,which reduced the in-situ oil viscosity by about 50%.The numerical simulation results show that enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is estimated at 5.72%and the oil exchange ratio of CO_(2)is 0.17 t/t.

Effect of Cone Angle on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Globe Control Valve

Globe control valve is widely used in chemical, petroleum and hydraulic industries, and its throttling feature is achieved by the adopting of valve plug. However, very limited information is available in literature regarding the influence of valve plug on the internal and external features in globe control valves. Thus the effect of valve plug is studied by CFD and experiment in this paper. It is obtained from external features that the pressure drop between upstream and downstream pressure-sampling position increases exponentially with flow rate. And for small valve opening, the increment of pressure drop decreases with the increase of cone angle（β）. However, with the increase of valve opening, the effect of cone angle diminishes significantly. It is also found that the cone angle has little effect on flow coefficient（Cv） when the valve opening is larger than 70%. But for the cases less than 70%, Cv curve varies from an arc to a straight line. The variation of valve performance is caused by the change of internal flow. The results of internal flow show that cone angle has negligible effect on flow properties for the cases of valve opening larger than 70%. However, when valve opening is smaller than 70%, the pressure drop of orifice decreases with the increase of β, making the reduction in value and scope of the high speed zone around the conical surface of valve plug, and then results in a decreasing intensity of adjacent downstream vortex. Meanwhile, it is concluded from the results that the increase of cone angle will be beneficial for the anti-cavitation and anti-erosion of globe control valve. This paper focuses on the internal and external features of globe control valve that caused by the variation of cone angle, arriving at some results beneficial for the design and usage of globe control valve.

Hydraulic drive and control system of the cone collecting robot

This paper describes the basic structure and design and operation principle of the hydraulic drive and control system with two pumps and two circuits. The manipulator of the cone collecting robot designed is full driven by hydraulic, which has five freedoms. The computer and electrohydraulic proportion velocity regulating valve were installed to realize open loop serve control for reducing cost and easy application.

Dynamic inverse control of feedback linearization in ballistic correction based on nose cone swinging

It is a complicated nonlinear controlling problem to conduct a two-dimensional trajectory correction of rockets.By establishing the aerodynamic correction force mathematical model of rockets on nose cone swinging,the linear control is realized by the dynamic inverse nonlinear controlling theory and the three-time-scale separation method.The control ability and the simulation results are also tested and verified.The results show that the output responses of system track the expected curve well and the error is controlled in a given margin.The maximum correction is about±314 m in the lengthwise direction and±1 212 m in the crosswise direction from the moment of 5 s to the drop-point time when the angle of fire is 55°.Thus,based on the dynamic inverse control of feedback linearization,the trajectory correction capability of nose cone swinging can satisfy the requirements of two-dimensional ballistic correction,and the validity and effectiveness of the method are proved.

Alveolar Ridge Preservation Utilizing Composite (Bioceramics/Collagen) Graft: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment in a Randomized Split-Mouth Controlled Trial

Background: The vast percentage of the alveolar bone resorption process happens within the first 12 to 24 weeks post extraction;however, this phenomenon is chronic, and the alveolar ridge continues to resorb. In order to prevent this reduction or at least recompense the loss of bone dimensions, the alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) technique was developed. Objectives: This research studied the vertical and horizontal bone dimensional changes as a result of non-molar teeth extraction alone against extraction with alveolar ridge preservation utilizing composite (bioceramics/collagen) graft by cone-beam computed tomography radiographies analyses. Material and Methods: This research was a randomized split-mouth controlled trial. 12 patients need extraction of the maxillary non-molar teeth were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups. 12 sockets after atraumatic extraction were filled with a composite graft in the role of the test group, 12 sockets left to unassisted healing after atraumatic extraction without any graft materials in the role of the control group. Two CBCT radiographs were taken at baseline and at 4 months after extraction for comparison. Both vertical and horizontal resorptions of the alveolar ridge were analyzed between test and control group by CBCT radiographs. Results: 4 months after extraction, there was a mean of vertical alveolar bone resorption compared with the baseline (0.56 ± 0.15 mm) in the test group and (1.47 ± 0.30 mm) in the control group. Whereas it was a mean of horizontal alveolar bone resorption compared with the baseline (0.90 ± 0.16 mm) in the test group and (2.26 ± 0.30 mm) in the control group. Therefore, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this research, we demonstrated that the osteogen-plug technique significantly decreased the reduction of the bone dimensional in comparison to the tooth extraction alone, and showed that the dimensional change of the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction was minimized by using an osteogen-plug.

Robust H∞ output tracking control of uncertain networked control systems

This paper investigates a problem of robust output tracking control of networked control systems(NCSs) with network-induced delays, packet dropouts, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Firstly, an augmented model of time-delay system is proposed for networked tracking control systems. Then, considering the piecewise differentiable characteristic of time-delay, the criterion to output tracking performance analysis and controller design are derived by using an approach of free weighting matrix, reciprocally convex and cone complementarity linearization(CCL). Finally, simulation results of numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and illustrate the advantages of the proposed criteria which outperform previous criteria in the literature.

State feedback control for Lurie networked control systems

The problem of the stability analysis and controller design which the network-induced delays and data dropout problems network-induced delays are assumed to be time-varying and bounded, for Lurie networked control systems （NCSs） is investigated, in are simultaneously considered. By considering that the and analyzing the relationship between the delay and its upper bound, employing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and an integral inequality approach, an improved stability criterion for NCSs is proposed. Furthermore, the resulting condition is extended to design a less conservative state feedback controller by employing an improved cone complementary linearization （ICCL） algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ACEPHATE IMPLANTS IN PROTECTING CONES FROM INSECT DAMAGE IN SOME CONIFERFORESTS OF NORTHEASTERN CHINA

Stem implants of acephate were tentatively used to contfol cone and seed insects in Northeastern China in 1993. Experiments considered in a Siberian larch seed orchard and mother-tree stands of Korean pine and Korean spruce that promising control of major cone pests, including cone tlies, cone-worms and seed-worms, was obtained in all of the conifer species but treatment did not reduce significantly damage due to seed chalcids. Acephate implants did not seem to affect seed germination.

OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM OF PARABOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH TWO POINT BOUNDARY CONDITION

This paper deals with optimal control problem of parabolic differential equation with two point boundary conditions tin the time variable). The results here extend those in [3] on optimal control of the heat equations. Moreover, the technique used in this paper is based on some smooth approximations of 'tangent cones' in the sense of Clarke and some maximal monotone operators.

H-infinity output feedback control for descriptor systems with delayed states

This paper considers the H-infinity dynamic output feedback control for descriptor systems with delay in states. The controller is a descriptor system without delay. Several equivalent sufficient conditions for the existence of one descriptor dynamic controller without impulsive models are given. Furthermore the explicit expression of the desired controller is obtained. The detailed design of the controller is presented using the cone complementarity linearization iterative algorithm and the LMI method. A ntumerical example is shown to illustrate the designed method.

Predictors of Negative Cone Biopsies and Its Clinical Significance

Objective: To determine the predictors of absence of lesion on cone biopsy (white cone). We evaluated several factors including parity, cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) typing, biopsy, colposcopy, smoking habit, use of oral contraceptive or condom, and immunosuppression as predictors for absence of dysplasia. Methods: Of 510 patients with CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) treated by loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP) in the Fundación Jimenez Diaz hospital between 2012 and 2016, 51 (10%) patients had a white cone and were defined as the study group. The control group was established from two randomly selected controls for each case (n = 102). Results: The study group had a higher prevalence of low-grade cytology (p 0.001), minor changes (p 0.01), and CIN 2 (<0.001) than the control group. The study group had a lower rate of oral contraceptive use (p = 0.005), as demonstrated by the multivariate analysis (except for low-grade cytology). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study indicates that the incidence of white cone in our institution is 10% of all the cone biopsy and women with low-risk cytology, minor changes in colposcopy, CIN 2, and no use of oral contraceptive have a high probability of having no lesions in the conization specimen.

基于锥角控制的下风向风力机功率调节策略

针对中小型下风向风力机开展了功率调节策略研究.首先,对100 W下风向风力机进行了仿真计算和风洞实验,探究了下风向风力机的气动性能;然后,分析了风轮锥角对风力机输出功率和叶根载荷的影响机制,归纳出输出功率与锥角余弦值的三次方正相关,叶根载荷与锥角余弦值的平方正相关;最后,形成了一套基于锥角控制的下风向风力机功率主/被动调节策略.研究结果表明:采用主动调节策略可在超额定风速运行时有效控制风轮输出功率,并可使叶根载荷极值降低14.2%;较控制前,采用被动调节策略可使得在超额定风速运行时,输出功率与额定功率的平均偏差减小20.84 W.两种调节策略皆可实现超额定风速运行时下风向风力机输出功率的有效控制.

不同药剂组合防治二球悬铃木果毛污染的研究

以河南职业技术学院院内道路两旁的行道树二球悬铃木(Platanusacerifolia)为研究对象,在设计不同化学药剂组合配比的基础上,通过树冠喷洒和树干注射等方式研究对二球悬铃木球果的影响,从而为其球果果毛污染的防治提供帮助。结果表明,在药剂基本试验浓度均为100 mg/L条件下,树冠喷洒和树干注射施药方式均可起到防治效果,其中树冠喷洒和化学试剂组合乙烯利︰赤霉素︰乙硫氨酸=1︰3︰1措施对二球悬铃木球果有显著的抑制球果生长和促进球果脱落的作用,起到了良好的防治效果,可在生产上推广应用。

新型ADETCS下工业信息物理系统综合安全控制

针对一类虚假数据注入(FDI)攻击与故障共存的工业信息物理系统(ICPS),在新型自适应离散事件触发通信机制(ADETCS)下,研究了综合安全控制与通信的协同设计问题。引入ADETCS取代传统离散事件触发通信机制,构建安全与通信可自适应协同优化运行的ICPS架构;通过对ADETCS中阈值函数的优化设计,获得一种可随系统动态行为双向连续变化的新型ADETCS;在该机制下,基于主动容侵和容错的思想,通过构造Lyapunov泛函,借助新型Bessel-Legebdre不等式、锥补线性化(CCL)等少保守性技术,在统一的自适应变采样框架下,推证出鲁棒估计器与综合安全控制器的求解方法,使ICPS可同时防御FDI攻击与故障,并具有更优的自适应通信调节能力。仿真结果表明:新型ADETCS中阈值函数的巧妙设计及CCL的应用,相较现存通信机制和设计方法,可使ICPS的综合安全控制性能与资源节约获得更优的折中平衡。

考虑电压-无功调节的台区互联装置规划方法

伴随分布式能源广泛接入低压配电网,其对配电网运行灵活性和消纳能力的要求不断提高。利用低压柔性互联装置将独立运行的低压配电台区分区互联,避免传统电压调节和无功补偿装置频繁动作。考虑到柔性互联装置造价昂贵,协同传统电压-无功调节装置,文中提出低压柔性互联装置的选址定容规划方法。首先,分析低压柔性互联装置拓扑和运行方式,建立其潮流模型。其次,建立低压柔性互联装置优化配置的双层规划模型,上层规划以年综合费用最小为目标,下层规划考虑电压-无功协调控制时间序列模型,以运行成本和电压偏差最小为目标,基于粒子群优化算法和混合整数二阶锥规划算法交替求解,得出配电系统最优柔性互联方案和最优运行方式。最后,在IEEE 33节点系统上进行实例分析,验证该双层规划算法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法能有效减少柔性互联装置的过度布置,同时减少由分布式能源频繁波动造成的运行成本。将模型凸化并线性化的方法明显提高了求解效率。

超采区地下水位控制和考核指标确定方法

为了有效管控地下水超采区,从区域控制和漏斗区控制两个角度考虑,提出一种选取地下水控制井以及确定控制水位和考核水位指标的方法。对于整个超采区,采用泰森多边形法划定每口控制井的控制面积,将每口控制井的控制面积占区域面积的比例作为权重,计算出区域面积加权平均水位,进而根据与该平均水位的接近程度,选出一口区域水位控制井,并将其最近平水年年末的水位作为今后的控制和考核水位。但是,当评价年为枯水年时,需要在控制水位的基础上减去松弛量确定考核水位。对于地下水漏斗区,利用水位等值线图,判断漏斗分布情况,进而从漏斗中心附近选取一口控制井,同样也将其最近平水年年末的水位作为控制和考核水位。以河北省馆陶县为例,选取的区域和漏斗控制井分别为监测井W16和W17;当政府未制定水位恢复规划时,区域控制水位确定为17.13 m;当政府制定了水位恢复规划时,比如5 a内水位恢复0.5 m,那么区域控制水位需要在17.13 m的基础上每年增加0.1 m;丰水年、平水年考核水位等于控制水位,枯水年考核水位等于控制水位减去0.93 m(松弛量);漏斗区控制和考核水位均确定为12.19 m。

320 kV锥束工业CT成像系统开发

基于实验室设备自主开发了一套320 kV锥束工业CT成像系统。首先设计了基于运动控制卡的六轴机械扫描平台,并将其与320 kV射线机、平板探测器结合搭建了锥束CT成像系统的硬件。其次,利用平板探测器和运动控制卡的动态链接库开发锥束CT投影数据采集软件和重建软件,自主开发FDK算法并基于CUDA架构实现FDK算法的GPU加速。最后,采用阻尼器对锥束CT成像系统进行测试。结果表明,整个系统运行稳定,可以获得高质量的CT重建图像,且重建效果与VG STUDIO MAX 3.4软件的重建效果一致。

台阶对高超声速边界层转捩的影响

对高超声速边界层转捩进行控制研究,不仅有助于提高高超声速飞行器的飞行效率及气动热防护能力,而且对优化航天飞行器表面的结构设计等方面也有一定作用。采用PCB高频脉动压力传感器及红外热成像仪,在Ma=6条件下研究了0°攻角情况下前后台阶对裙锥模型表面边界层转捩的影响。通过对脉动压力结果进行互相关双谱分析,得到了边界层内不同扰动波之间的非线性作用关系。实验结果显示,前后台阶对高超声速边界层转捩都具有促进作用,且后台阶对边界层转捩的促进作用明显大于前台阶,但前后台阶并未改变边界层的转捩模式,整个转捩过程中第2模态波与其1阶谐波的差频作用起主导作用。

美卓HP800圆锥破碎机常见故障及处理方法

针对美卓HP800圆锥破碎机常见故障进行了全面、深入的研究,包括机械、液压和电控系统的故障类型,并依据多学科理论如轴承学、流体力学和电子工程,结合实际操作经验,提出了一系列具有针对性和高实用性的解决方案。这些措施有效减少了设备的停机时间,显著提高了整体系统的可靠性和效率,为设备生产的稳定性提供了科学依据,有助于推动相关企业和技术人员在设备管理和维护方面达到更高的工作水平,对矿山设备管理和维护实践具有重要参考价值。

粗粒径分级尾砂级配改性与似膏体充填新思路

小铁山矿立式砂仓分级尾砂充填系统建设历史久远,分级尾砂颗粒较粗、细粒径成分缺失,导致充填料浆泌水量大、水泥分层离析严重、充填成本高,通过添加粉煤灰改性粗颗粒分级尾砂的级配,实现了组合料似膏体充填,显著提高了充填质量和效果。