精子发生是一个复杂的细胞分化过程,生精细胞经过有丝分裂和减数分裂产生单倍型的精细胞,精细胞再经过复杂的形态变化而形成成熟的精子。这一过程需要众多基因表达的精确调控。目前已发现了一些与男性不育相关的候选基因,这些候选基因中...精子发生是一个复杂的细胞分化过程,生精细胞经过有丝分裂和减数分裂产生单倍型的精细胞,精细胞再经过复杂的形态变化而形成成熟的精子。这一过程需要众多基因表达的精确调控。目前已发现了一些与男性不育相关的候选基因,这些候选基因中的DAZ(Deleted in azoospermia)基因家族在精子发生过程中发挥关键性的调控作用。Boule基因是2001年发现的DAZ家族的新成员,是人类精子发生过程中重要的调控因子。Boule表达的改变或BOULE蛋白的缺乏可引起减数分裂阻滞和精子生成障碍,从而导致无精子症并产生不育。展开更多
目的:研究雄性不育相关基因Boule在小鼠出生后首个精子发生波中的动态表达,探讨Boule在精子发生过程中的调控作用。方法:运用免疫印迹法分析BOULE蛋白在多组织中的表达情况。运用实时荧光定量、免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术检测Boule m ...目的:研究雄性不育相关基因Boule在小鼠出生后首个精子发生波中的动态表达,探讨Boule在精子发生过程中的调控作用。方法:运用免疫印迹法分析BOULE蛋白在多组织中的表达情况。运用实时荧光定量、免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术检测Boule m RNA和BOULE蛋白在雄性小鼠出生后首个精子发生波各个时间点中的表达。结果:1免疫印迹法显示BOULE蛋白在睾丸中特异性高表达,在出生后16 d睾丸可被检测到,并在随后的发育中睾丸和成年睾丸持续表达;2实时荧光定量方法证实Boule m RNA在雄鼠出生后14 d睾丸中可被检测到,20 d呈现表达高峰;3免疫组织化学显示在精母细胞及圆形精子细胞胞质中存在BOULE蛋白阳性信号。结论:Boule在精子发生过程中的表达是在发育水平精密调控的,在粗线期精母细胞和圆形精子细胞阶段的特异表达提示Boule可能在精母细胞进程和圆形精子细胞中发挥作用。展开更多
Amyloids have traditionally been considered pathologic protein aggregates which contribute to neurodegeneration.New evidence however increasingly suggests that non-pathological amyloids are formed in animals during no...Amyloids have traditionally been considered pathologic protein aggregates which contribute to neurodegeneration.New evidence however increasingly suggests that non-pathological amyloids are formed in animals during normal development.Amyloid-like aggregate formation was originally thought to be a conserved feature of animal gametogenesis.This hypothesis was based on findings which suggest that regulated amyloid formations govern yeast meiosis by way of meiosis-specific RNA binding proteins.Additional support came from studies which demonstrate that DAZL,a mammalian gametogenesis-specific RNA binding protein,also forms SDS-resistant aggregates in vivo.Here,we report evidence of aggregated BOULE formations,another DAZ family protein,during sperm development.Data suggest that in mouse testis,BOULE forms SDS-resistant amyloid-like aggregates.BOULE aggregate formation correlates with dynamic developmental expression during spermatogenesis but disappeared in Boule knockout testis.We also mapped essential small region in vitro BOULE aggregations,immediately downstream DAZ repeats,and found that aggregations positively correlated with temperature.We also performed enhanced UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation on BOULE aggregates from mouse testes and found that aggregates bind with a large number of spermatogenesis-related mRNAs.These findings provide insight into the amyloidogenic properties of gametogenesis-specific RNA binding proteins as a conserved feature in mammalian reproduction.Further investigation is warranted to understand the functional significance of BOULE amyloid-like formation during mouse spermatogenesis.展开更多
Coilia nasus is an endangered fish species in the Yangtze River,and there is urgent need to know the genes related to its reproduction and fertility.The DAZ family including boule,daz and dazl,plays an important role ...Coilia nasus is an endangered fish species in the Yangtze River,and there is urgent need to know the genes related to its reproduction and fertility.The DAZ family including boule,daz and dazl,plays an important role in germ cells development.In this study,the cDNA sequence of boule(Cnbol)and dazl(Cndazl)genes were cloned and their expression patterns were characterized in Coilia nasus.RT-PCR showed that the expression of Cnbol and Cndazl mRNAs was restricted in adult gonads.The section in situ hybridization indicated that the temporospatial expression patterns of Cnbol and Cndazl were significantly different.In the testis,Cnbol was mainly detected in spermatocytes and spermatids,while Cndazl was prominently expressed in s permatogonia.In the ovary,Cnbol and Cndazl were highly expressed in the early stages of oocytes.Interestingly,Cndazl was also concentrated in perinuclear speckle and then localized to the Balbiani body in late stages of oocytes.In addition,Cnbol and Cndazl 3′UTR can specifically label medaka Primordial Germ Cells(PGCs).According to our results,Cnbol and Cndazl are marker genes of germ cells and may play a vital role in the development and differentiation of germ cells in Coilia nasus.展开更多
Zinc oxide（ZnO） has a wide band gap, high stability and a high thermal operating range that makes it a suitable material as a semiconductor for fabricating light emitting diodes（LEDs） and laser diodes, photodiodes...Zinc oxide（ZnO） has a wide band gap, high stability and a high thermal operating range that makes it a suitable material as a semiconductor for fabricating light emitting diodes（LEDs） and laser diodes, photodiodes, power diodes and other semiconductor devices. Recently, a new crystal growth for producing ZnO crystal boules was developed, which was physical vapor transport（PVT）, at temperatures exceeding 1500 ？C under a certain system pressure. ZnO crystal wafers in sizes up to 50 mm in diameter were produced. The conditions of ZnO crystal growth, growth rate and the quality of ZnO crystal were analyzed. Results from crystal growth and material characterization are presented and discussed. Our research results suggest that the novel crystal growth technique is a viable production technique for producing ZnO crystals and substrates for semiconductor device applications.展开更多
文摘精子发生是一个复杂的细胞分化过程,生精细胞经过有丝分裂和减数分裂产生单倍型的精细胞,精细胞再经过复杂的形态变化而形成成熟的精子。这一过程需要众多基因表达的精确调控。目前已发现了一些与男性不育相关的候选基因,这些候选基因中的DAZ(Deleted in azoospermia)基因家族在精子发生过程中发挥关键性的调控作用。Boule基因是2001年发现的DAZ家族的新成员,是人类精子发生过程中重要的调控因子。Boule表达的改变或BOULE蛋白的缺乏可引起减数分裂阻滞和精子生成障碍,从而导致无精子症并产生不育。
文摘目的:研究雄性不育相关基因Boule在小鼠出生后首个精子发生波中的动态表达,探讨Boule在精子发生过程中的调控作用。方法:运用免疫印迹法分析BOULE蛋白在多组织中的表达情况。运用实时荧光定量、免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术检测Boule m RNA和BOULE蛋白在雄性小鼠出生后首个精子发生波各个时间点中的表达。结果:1免疫印迹法显示BOULE蛋白在睾丸中特异性高表达,在出生后16 d睾丸可被检测到,并在随后的发育中睾丸和成年睾丸持续表达;2实时荧光定量方法证实Boule m RNA在雄鼠出生后14 d睾丸中可被检测到,20 d呈现表达高峰;3免疫组织化学显示在精母细胞及圆形精子细胞胞质中存在BOULE蛋白阳性信号。结论:Boule在精子发生过程中的表达是在发育水平精密调控的,在粗线期精母细胞和圆形精子细胞阶段的特异表达提示Boule可能在精母细胞进程和圆形精子细胞中发挥作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3197060323)SKLRM grant(SKLRM-2019B2)the Jiangsu ShuangChuang Talent Program,as well as the Jiangsu graduate student innovation fellowship to Y.S.
文摘Amyloids have traditionally been considered pathologic protein aggregates which contribute to neurodegeneration.New evidence however increasingly suggests that non-pathological amyloids are formed in animals during normal development.Amyloid-like aggregate formation was originally thought to be a conserved feature of animal gametogenesis.This hypothesis was based on findings which suggest that regulated amyloid formations govern yeast meiosis by way of meiosis-specific RNA binding proteins.Additional support came from studies which demonstrate that DAZL,a mammalian gametogenesis-specific RNA binding protein,also forms SDS-resistant aggregates in vivo.Here,we report evidence of aggregated BOULE formations,another DAZ family protein,during sperm development.Data suggest that in mouse testis,BOULE forms SDS-resistant amyloid-like aggregates.BOULE aggregate formation correlates with dynamic developmental expression during spermatogenesis but disappeared in Boule knockout testis.We also mapped essential small region in vitro BOULE aggregations,immediately downstream DAZ repeats,and found that aggregations positively correlated with temperature.We also performed enhanced UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation on BOULE aggregates from mouse testes and found that aggregates bind with a large number of spermatogenesis-related mRNAs.These findings provide insight into the amyloidogenic properties of gametogenesis-specific RNA binding proteins as a conserved feature in mammalian reproduction.Further investigation is warranted to understand the functional significance of BOULE amyloid-like formation during mouse spermatogenesis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672700).
文摘Coilia nasus is an endangered fish species in the Yangtze River,and there is urgent need to know the genes related to its reproduction and fertility.The DAZ family including boule,daz and dazl,plays an important role in germ cells development.In this study,the cDNA sequence of boule(Cnbol)and dazl(Cndazl)genes were cloned and their expression patterns were characterized in Coilia nasus.RT-PCR showed that the expression of Cnbol and Cndazl mRNAs was restricted in adult gonads.The section in situ hybridization indicated that the temporospatial expression patterns of Cnbol and Cndazl were significantly different.In the testis,Cnbol was mainly detected in spermatocytes and spermatids,while Cndazl was prominently expressed in s permatogonia.In the ovary,Cnbol and Cndazl were highly expressed in the early stages of oocytes.Interestingly,Cndazl was also concentrated in perinuclear speckle and then localized to the Balbiani body in late stages of oocytes.In addition,Cnbol and Cndazl 3′UTR can specifically label medaka Primordial Germ Cells(PGCs).According to our results,Cnbol and Cndazl are marker genes of germ cells and may play a vital role in the development and differentiation of germ cells in Coilia nasus.
基金Project supported by the Special Scientific Research Plan Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.08JK376)
文摘Zinc oxide（ZnO） has a wide band gap, high stability and a high thermal operating range that makes it a suitable material as a semiconductor for fabricating light emitting diodes（LEDs） and laser diodes, photodiodes, power diodes and other semiconductor devices. Recently, a new crystal growth for producing ZnO crystal boules was developed, which was physical vapor transport（PVT）, at temperatures exceeding 1500 ？C under a certain system pressure. ZnO crystal wafers in sizes up to 50 mm in diameter were produced. The conditions of ZnO crystal growth, growth rate and the quality of ZnO crystal were analyzed. Results from crystal growth and material characterization are presented and discussed. Our research results suggest that the novel crystal growth technique is a viable production technique for producing ZnO crystals and substrates for semiconductor device applications.
