Thermal stability of nanograins with grain boundary relaxation in microalloyed Cu-Sb and Cu-Fe

Grain refinement into nanoscale significantly enhances the strength and hardness of metallic materials but generally reduces the thermal stability by the introduced strong tendency for grain boundary(GB)migration.Stabilizing nanograins through GB relaxation had been proven as an effective way in several metals recently when the grain size is below a critical value.Here,we discovered that the abnormally enhanced thermal stability induced by GB relaxation can be realized in 0.5%Sb or Fe doped Cu,similar to that in pure Cu.The observed critical grain sizes for GB relaxation in the two Cu alloys are almost the same as pure Cu.However,the GB relaxation effect on thermal stability is kind of suppressed compared to pure Cu with similar grain sizes because of the segregation/precipitation of Sb/Fe during the annealing process,which accelerates the detwinning and the failure of relaxed GBs.

Thermally-triggered grain boundary relaxation in a nanograined Ni-Mo-W alloy

Conventionally,nanograined metals and alloys can be stabilized through segregating foreign elements at grain boundaries(GBs).Yet such an effect may be offset by formation of second phase at elevated temperatures.In this paper,by introducing minor W into a binary Ni-Mo alloy,we found precipitation of intermetallic phases was suppressed,enhancing thermal stability of the nanograined structure.Characterized faceted GBs and a high-fraction ofΣ3 coincidence site lattice(CSL)boundaries illustrate that GB structures are relaxed by formation of copious annealing twins.Adding W reduces stacking fault energy of the solid solution and facilitates the thermally-triggered GB relaxation.Suppressed precipitation of the intermetallic phases may be attributed to depletion of solutes at relaxed GBs.

β-distribution for Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux in relaxation turbulent boundary layer of compression ramp

A challenge in the study of turbulent boundary layers(TBLs) is to understand the non-equilibrium relaxation process after separation and reattachment due to shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction. The classical boundary layer theory cannot deal with the strong adverse pressure gradient, and hence, the computational modeling of this process remains inaccurate. Here, we report the direct numerical simulation results of the relaxation TBL behind a compression ramp, which reveal the presence of intense large-scale eddies, with significantly enhanced Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux. A crucial finding is that the wall-normal profiles of the excess Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux obey a β-distribution, which is a product of two power laws with respect to the wall-normal distances from the wall and from the boundary layer edge. In addition, the streamwise decays of the excess Reynolds stress and turbulent heat flux also exhibit power laws with respect to the streamwise distance from the corner of the compression ramp. These results suggest that the relaxation TBL obeys the dilation symmetry, which is a specific form of self-organization in this complex non-equilibrium flow. The β-distribution yields important hints for the development of a turbulence model.